Facts about lead.docx

Facts about lead.docx

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Factsaboutlead

Factsaboutlead（这个是在EPA上找到的，关于铅的一些基本常识）

FACT:

Leadexposurecanharmyoungchildrenandbabiesevenbeforetheyareborn.

FACT:

Evenchildrenwhoseemhealthycanhavehighlevelsofleadintheirbodies.

FACT:

Youcangetleadinyourbodybybreathingorswallowingleaddust,orbyeatingsoilorpaintchipscontaininglead.

FACT:

Youhavemanyoptionsforreducingleadhazards.Inmostcases,lead-basedpaintthatisingoodconditionisnotahazard.

FACT:

Removinglead-basedpaintimproperlycanincreasethedangertoyourfamily.

Ifyouthinkyourhomemighthaveleadhazards,readontolearnaboutleadandsomesimplestepstoprotectyourfamily.

Healtheffectsoflead

ChildhoodleadpoisoningremainsamajorenvironmentalhealthproblemintheUnitedStates.

∙Peoplecangetleadintheirbodyifthey:

oPuttheirhandsorotherobjectscoveredwithleaddustintheirmouths.

oEatpaintchipsorsoilthatcontainslead.

oBreatheinleaddust,especiallyduringrenovationsthatdisturbpaintedsurfaces.

∙

∙Leadismoredangeroustochildrenbecause:

oBabiesandyoungchildrenoftenputtheirhandsandotherobjectsintheirmouths.Theseobjectscanhaveleaddustonthem.

oChildren'sgrowingbodiesabsorbmorelead.

oChildren'sbrainsandnervoussystemsaremoresensitivetothedamagingeffectsoflead.

∙

∙Ifnotdetectedearly,childrenwithhighlevelsofleadintheirbodiescansufferfrom:

oDamagetothebrainandnervoussystem

oBehaviorandlearningproblems,suchashyperactivity

oSlowedgrowth

oHearingproblems

oHeadaches

∙

∙Leadisalsoharmfultoadults.Adultscansufferfrom:

oReproductiveproblems（inbothmenandwomen）

oHighbloodpressureandhypertension

oNervedisorders

oMemoryandconcentrationproblems

oMuscleandjointpain

Readmoreonthehealtheffectsoflead.

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Areyourenovating,repairingorpaintingahome,childcarefacilityorschoolbuiltbefore1978?

BeginningApril22,2010,federallawrequiresthatcontractorsperformingrenovation,repairandpaintingprojectsthatdisturbmorethansixsquarefeetofpaintinhomes,childcarefacilities,andschoolsbuiltbefore1978mustbecertifiedandtrainedtofollowspecificworkpracticestopreventleadcontamination.

ProtectyourfamilyandmakesureyouonlyhireacontractorwhoisinaLead-SafeCertifiedFirm.FindaLead-SafeCertifiedFirmnearyou.

ReadaboutEPA'srequirementsforrenovation,repairandpainting.

ReadEPA'spamphletonrenovation,repairandpainting:

∙RenovateRight:

ImportantLeadHazardInformationforFamilies,ChildCareProvidersandSchools（PDF）（10pp,7.0MB）

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Areyouplanningtobuyorrentahomebuiltbefore1978?

Manyhousesandapartmentsbuiltbefore1978havepaintthatcontainslead（calledlead-basedpaint）.Leadfrompaint,chips,anddustcanposeserioushealthhazardsifnottakencareofproperly.

Federallawrequiresthatindividualsreceivecertaininformationbeforerentingorbuyingapre-1978housing:

∙LANDLORDSmustdiscloseknowninformationonlead-basedpaintandlead-basedpainthazardsbeforeleasestakeeffect.Leasesmustincludeadisclosureformaboutlead-basedpaint.

∙SELLERSmustdiscloseknowninformationonlead-basedpaintandlead-basedpainthazardsbeforesellingahouse.Salescontractsmustincludeadisclosureformaboutlead-basedpaint.Buyershaveuptotendaystocheckforleadhazards.

∙Moreinformationonthedisclosureprogram.

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Whereleadisfound

Ingeneral,theolderyourhome,themorelikelyithaslead-basedpaint.

Paint.Manyhomesbuiltbefore1978havelead-basedpaint.Thefederalgovernmentbannedlead-basedpaintfromhousingin1978.Somestatesstoppeditsuseevenearlier.Leadcanbefound:

oInhomesinthecity,country,orsuburbs.

oInapartments,single-familyhomes,andbothprivateandpublichousing.

oInsideandoutsideofthehouse.

Insoilaroundahome.Soilcanpickupleadfromexteriorpaint,orothersourcessuchaspastuseofleadedgasincars,andchildrenplayinginyardscaningestorinhaleleaddust.

Householddust.Dustcanpickupleadfromdeterioratinglead-basedpaintorfromsoiltrackedintoahome.

Drinkingwater.Yourhomemighthaveplumbingwithleadorleadsolder.Callyourlocalhealthdepartmentorwatersuppliertofindoutabouttestingyourwater.Youcannotsee,smellortastelead,andboilingyourwaterwillnotgetridoflead.Ifyouthinkyourplumbingmighthaveleadinit:

oUseonlycoldwaterfordrinkingandcooking.

oRunwaterfor15to30secondsbeforedrinkingit,especiallyifyouhavenotusedyourwaterforafewhours.

Thejob.Ifyouworkwithlead,youcouldbringithomeonyourhandsorclothes.Showerandchangeclothesbeforecominghome.Launderyourworkclothesseparatelyfromtherestofyourfamily'sclothes.

Oldpaintedtoysandfurniture.

Foodandliquidsstoredinleadcrystalorlead-glazedpotteryorporcelain.Foodcanbecomecontaminatedbecauseleadcanleachinfromthesecontainers.

Leadsmeltersorotherindustriesthatreleaseleadintotheair.

Hobbiesthatuselead,suchasmakingpotteryorstainedglass,orrefinishingfurniture.

Folkremediesthatcontainlead,suchas"greta"and"azarcon"usedtotreatanupsetstomach.

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Whereleadislikelytobeahazard

Leadfrompaintchips,whichyoucansee,andleaddust,whichyoucan'talwayssee,canbeserioushazards.

Peeling,chipping,chalking,orcrackinglead-basedpaintisahazardandneedsimmediateattention.

∙Lead-basedpaintmayalsobeahazardwhenfoundonsurfacesthatchildrencancheworthatgetalotofwear-and-tear.Theseareasinclude:

oWindowsandwindowsills.

oDoorsanddoorframes.

oStairs,railings,andbanisters.

oPorchesandfences.

Note:

Lead-basedpaintthatisingoodconditionisusuallynotahazard.

Leaddustcanformwhenlead-basedpaintisdryscraped,drysanded,orheated.Dustalsoformswhenpaintedsurfacesbumporrubtogether.Leadchipsanddustcangetonsurfacesandobjectsthatpeopletouch.Settledleaddustcanre-entertheairwhenpeoplevacuum,sweeporwalkthroughit.

Leadinsoilcanbeahazardwhenchildrenplayinbaresoilorwhenpeoplebringsoilintothehouseontheirshoes.ContacttheNationalLeadInformationCenter（NLIC）tofindoutabouttestingsoilforlead.

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Howtocheckyourfamilyandhomeforlead

Justknowingthatahomehaslead-basedpaintmaynottellyouifthereisahazard.

Toreduceyourchild'sexposuretolead,getyourchildchecked,haveyourhometested（especiallyifyourhomehaspaintinpoorconditionandwasbuiltbefore1978）,andfixanyhazardsyoumayhave.

∙Yourfamily

oChildren'sbloodleadlevelstendtoincreaserapidlyfrom6to12monthsofage,andtendtopeakat18to24monthsofage.

oConsultyourdoctorforadviceontestingyourchildren.Asimplebloodtestcandetecthighlevelsoflead.Bloodtestsareimportantfor:

Childrenatagesoneandtwo.

Childrenandotherfamilymemberswhohavebeenexposedtohighlevelsoflead.

Childrenwhoshouldbetestedunderyourstateorlocalhealthscreeningplan.

oYourdoctorcanexplainwhatthetestresultsmeanandifmoretestingwillbeneeded.

∙

∙Yourhome

oYoucangetyourhomecheckedinoneoftwoways,orboth

Apaintinspectiontellsyoutheleadcontentofeverydifferenttypeofpaintedsurfaceinyourhome.Itwon'ttellyouwhetherthepaintisahazardorhowyoushoulddealwithit.

Ariskassessmenttellsyouifthereareanysourcesofseriousleadexposure（suchaspeelingpaintandleaddust）.Italsotellsyouwhatactionstotaketoaddressthesehazards.

oHavequalifiedprofessionalsdothework.Therearestandardsinplaceforcertifyinglead-basedpaintprofessionalstoensuretheworkisdonesafely,reliably,andeffectively.ContacttheNationalLeadInformationCenter（NLIC）foralistofcontactsinyourarea.

oTrainedprofessionalsusearangeofmethodswhencheckingyourhome,including:

Visualinspectionofpaintconditionandlocation.

Aportablex-rayfluorescence（XRF）machine.

Labtestsofpaintsamples.

Surfacedusttests.

Note:

Hometestkitsforleadareavailable,butstudiessuggestthattheyarenotalwaysaccurate.Consumersshouldnotrelyonthesetestsbeforedoingrenovationsortoassuresafety.

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Whatyoucandotoprotectyourfamily

∙Ifyoususpectthatyourhousehasleadhazards,youcantakesomeimmediatestepstoreduceyourfamily'srisk:

oIfyourent,notifyyourlandlordofpeelingorchippingpaint.

oCleanuppaintchipsimmediately.

oCleanfloors,windowframes,windowsills,andothersurfacesweekly.Useamop,sponge,orpapertowelwithwarmwaterandageneralall-purposecleaneroracleanermadespecificallyforlead.REMEMBER:

NEVERMIXAMMONIAANDBLEACHPRODUCTSTOGETHERSINCETHEYCANFORMADANGEROUSGAS.

oThoroughlyrinsespongesandmopheadsaftercleaningdirtyordustyareas.

oWashchildren'shandsoften,especiallybeforetheyeatandbeforenaptimeandbedtime.

oKeepplayareasclean.Washbottles,pacifiers,toys,andstuffedanimalsregularly.

oKeepchildrenfromchewingwindowsillsorotherpaintedsurfaces.

oCleanorremoveshoesbeforeenteringyourhometoavoidtrackinginleadfromsoil.

oMakesurechildreneathealthyandnutritiousmealsasrecommendedbytheNationalDietaryGuidelines.Childrenwithgooddietsabsorblesslead.

∙

∙Additionalsteps:

oYoucantemporarilyreduceleadhazardsbytakingactionssuchasrepairingdamagedpaintedsurfacesandplantinggrasstocoversoilwithhighleadlevels.Theseactionsarenotpermanentsolutionsandwillneedongoingattention.

o