八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理.docx

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八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理

八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非

谓语动词结构。

有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作

句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。

动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。

一、用作主语

多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语一一动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。

动词不定式作主语,谓

语动词用第三人称单数形式。

疑问词+不定式短语作主语可

置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。

如:

1.1tisourdutytotryourbesttodealWiththeseproblems.

2.TheheadteacherSaiditWaSnecessarytotalkWithhismother.

3.HOWtolearnEngIiShwellisimportant.

4.ToSeeiStobelieve.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见)

二、用作表语

动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。

如:

1.ThebestWayistojoinanEngIiShclub.

2.ThefirstthingistoIiStentotheteachercarefully.

三、用作宾语

1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:

要求选择

同意(ask,choose,agree)期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,Iearm,宁可假装知道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)。

女口:

1)WedecidedtotalktoSOmeStudentSaboutWhytheygothere.

2)HePreferStoeatWhitebreadandrice.

3)IdlovetoViSitMexico.

2.动词decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...,介词结构on...

可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但Why后面的不定

式不带to。

女口:

1)CouldyouPIeaSetellmeWheretoParkmycar?

2)ItgivesadviceonWhattodoinlotsofdifferentSitUations.

3.动词feel,find,make,think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语

代替真正的宾语动词不定式,句子结构是…feel/find/

make/...it+adj./n.+todo...。

女口:

4.感知动词like,love,know等一般不用进行时态。

5.后接动词不定式或Ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember等。

后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发

生;后接Ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。

stoptodo停

下来做另外一件事,todo是目的状语;stopdoing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。

trytodo尽力做,trydoing试试看;goontodo接着做另外的事,goondoing继续做原

来的事。

女口:

1)WhenIIefthome,IforgottobringitWithme.

2)1StOPPedUSingthemlastyear.

四、用作定语

1•句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.

1)1havesomanyclothestoWaShtoday.

2)ICan'tthinkofanygoodadvtcBgiVeher.

3)WehavenohousestoIiVein.

2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place,time,Way等时,不定式

与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。

如如:

1)Heneedstime

todohomework.

2)HeWantStoknowthebestWaytotravelaroundthecity.

3.在“therebe...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象:

1)There'SjustsomuchtoSeeanddohere.

2)...buttherearestillmanythingstodothe

五、用作宾语补足语

1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:

要求允许

提议(ask,allow,,advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect,,invite,encourage),教导告诉想要(teach,tell,Want),等待希望愿意(Waitfor,Wish,Wouldlike/love)。

如:

1)ldinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.

2WeshouldallowtheChiIdrentochoosetheirOWnclothes.

2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句

里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:

IOOkat,observe,see,WatCh三“让”:

have,let,make,二“听”:

hear,listento,—“感觉”:

feel,—“注意”:

notice。

女口:

1)ThiSPiCturemakesmefeelexcited!

2)WeSaWLiUYUplaybaseballlastweek.

3.help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。

1)theyCanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.

2)USingemailEngIiShhelpsyouWritequickly.

六、用作状语

1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。

女口:

1)InordertoCatChtheearlybus,ShegotUPVeryearly.

2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.

3)SheCametothisCitytoViSitherdaughter.

2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo…”结构句中。

女口:

1)IfeelVeryluckytohavehim.

2)heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.

3.结果状语,多见于“too・・・to”,“enoughto…”结构句中。

如:

1)I'mtootiredtodoitwell.

2)TheroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletoIiVein.

七、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for/ofsb.todosth.”,for/of弓I

出不定式动作的逻辑主语。

这种结构在句子中可以作主语、

宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

不定式复合结构的介词用for

还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。

一般说来,of前面

的形容词是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,WiSe等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。

for前面的形容词是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,前面如果是名词用for。

如:

1.It'SagoodideaforParentStoallowChiIdrentoStUdyingroupsduringtheevening.

2.It'SWiSeofhimtodoitwell.

3)IsitinterestingforthebabytoplayWithaPetdog?

八、带疑问词的不定式短语

动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问

副词how,when,where,Why等。

这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。

要注意的是,Why后面的不定式不带to。

如:

1.用作句子的成分。

1)1don'tknowWhattotrynext.(作宾语)

2)Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语)2•单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

1)Whattodonext?

(=WhatwillWe/youdonext?

2)Whygothere?

(=WhydoWe/yougothere?

九、动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not/nevertodo...,不带to的不定式的否

定式是not/neverdo...女口:

1.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.

2.HisParentStellhimnevertoPlaySOCCerinthestreet.

随堂练习一动词填空。

1.1'moingtolistentotheradio.PIeaSe(nottalk)anymore.2.The

students(do)theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.

3.TheStUdents(be)busynow.They(have)anEnglishexamnext

MOnday.

4.Marymust(look)afterherlittleSiSterbecauseSheistooyoung.

5.(he)youWaitingforabusnow?

6.ThiScoatisVerycheap.I(take)itnow.

7.1'lltellhimaboutitWhenhe(COme)back.

8.Couldyoutellmehow.I(Canget)toNo3MiddIeschool.

9.HeSaidthatthenewteacher(give)theStUdentsanEnglish

lessonnow.

10.I(milk)acowthreetimes.

11.EdiSon'Smotherteach)himherself.

12.He(WatCh)TVOnCeaweek.

13.DOn'tSPeakloudly.Thebaby(sleep).

14.IWOn'CtgutUntil.I(finish)myhomework.

15.CouldyoutellmeWhenthetrain(arrive).

16.1oftenhearthesoundofChiIdren(read)Englishintheroom.

17.Heaskedme(help)himWithhisEnglishthisevening.

18.Theirworkis(clean)thestreets.

19.Didheenjoy(work)inChina.

20.WewillStayathomeifit(rain)tomorrow.

21.Bequiet!

Theboy(Sing)anEnglishsong.

22.youyourhomeworkyet(Start)?

23.Who(teach)themEnglishlastterm.

24.There(be)atelephonecallforyoujustnow.

25.PIeaSekeepeverything(clean).

26.Peterwon'thavearestUntilhefiniSh)hiswork.

27.1WatChedTV,soI(forget)(do)myhomework.

28.WhenI(walk)alongtheriver,Imetmyfriend,Tom.

29.WhenMOtherCame,thelittlegirl(play)Withacat.

30.WhenIWaSfive,I(get)toknowtheearth(move)aroUndthe

sun.

31.They(See)aboy(fall)intotheriverwhilethey(PaSS)

ityesterday.

32.(StUdy)hardatyourlessOnSand(nottalk)inclass.

33.YOu(have)better(noteat)thebadfood.

34.WhileI(do)myhomework,myParents_(WatCh)TV.

35.He(notfinish)(read)thebook.

36.1(get)UPVeryearlythismorning.I(read)Englishnow.

37.He(hurry)toschooleverymorning.

38.OUrteacher(notstop)(work)Untileleveno'clocklastnight.

39.Ifhe(know)it,he(be)Veryhappy.

40.It(take)UShalfanhour(read)Englisheveryday.

41.TheChiIdren(run)intheStreetnow.

42.There(be)twomeetingstomorrowmorning.

43.Myfather(sleep)WhenI(get)UPthismorning.

44.WhenI(go)toSeeTom,he(notWrite)anything.

45.Sorry,Whenyou(call)me,I(think)and(nothear)

you.

46.Mr.Green(leave)hisnotebookathomeyesterday.

47.I(Want)tobuyanewcoatnextSUnday.

48.HiSfather(read)newspaperWhenIgotthere.

49.It(be)fiveyearsSinCehe(buy)themotorbike.

50.WefounditWaSVerydifficult(get)acar.

51.Wearesoglad(hear)thenews.

52.1SaWhim(GrOSS)theroadSafeIyand(run)away.

53.Youcan'tmakehim(do)Whatyouwant.

54」don'tknowWhere(meet)him.

55.Whatmakesyou(think)I'mafarmer?

56.DidyouSeehim(go)upstairs?

57.Itisbetter(PUt)yourmoneyinabank.

58.Itisdifficultfortheboy(SWim)acrosstheriver.

59.Ilethim(go)earlyasheWanted(meet)hisUnCIe

attheStatiOn.

60.Willyouhelpme(move)thebed?

61」fhedoesn'know,how(USe)therecorder,you'dbetter

(ShOW)him.

62.Heisthelastone(IeaVe)theOffiCeeveryday.

63」t'Sbadmanners(ShOUt)inpublic.

64.TheboyisoldenoUgh(dress)himself.

65.Sheistooill(go)toschool.

二选择题

1.TellhimtheWindow.

A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotcloseD.notclose

2.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.IearnedD.Iearning

3.You'dbetterthestoryinJaPanese.

A.SayB.SPeakC.tellD.talk

4.ThePatientWaSWarnedoilyfoodaftertheOPeratiOn.

A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating

5.——Iusuallygotherebytrain.

----WhynotbyboatforaChange?

A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.try

going

6.TherearesomebooksOnthefloor,wouldyouIike?

A.toPiCkthemUPB.toPiCkUPthemC.PiCkitUPD.PiCk

UPit

7.SheisVeryill,let'sadoctoratonce.

A.toWakeUPB.SendforC.toPayforD.Payfor

8.IWantateacherWhenIgrowup.

A.tobeB.toC.beD.being

9.It'scoldhere.You'dbetteryourCoat.

A.nottakeoutB.nottotakedownC.nottakeoffD.not

totakeaway

10.Mymothertoldmemorewater.

A.drinkingB.drankC.todrinkD.drink

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