八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理.docx
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八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理
动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非
谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作
句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语
多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语一一动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语,谓
语动词用第三人称单数形式。
疑问词+不定式短语作主语可
置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如:
1.1tisourdutytotryourbesttodealWiththeseproblems.
2.TheheadteacherSaiditWaSnecessarytotalkWithhismother.
3.HOWtolearnEngIiShwellisimportant.
4.ToSeeiStobelieve.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见)
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如:
1.ThebestWayistojoinanEngIiShclub.
2.ThefirstthingistoIiStentotheteachercarefully.
三、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:
要求选择
同意(ask,choose,agree)期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,Iearm,宁可假装知道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)。
女口:
1)WedecidedtotalktoSOmeStudentSaboutWhytheygothere.
2)HePreferStoeatWhitebreadandrice.
3)IdlovetoViSitMexico.
2.动词decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...,介词结构on...
可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但Why后面的不定
式不带to。
女口:
1)CouldyouPIeaSetellmeWheretoParkmycar?
2)ItgivesadviceonWhattodoinlotsofdifferentSitUations.
3.动词feel,find,make,think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语
代替真正的宾语动词不定式,句子结构是…feel/find/
make/...it+adj./n.+todo...。
女口:
4.感知动词like,love,know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或Ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember等。
后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发
生;后接Ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。
stoptodo停
下来做另外一件事,todo是目的状语;stopdoing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。
trytodo尽力做,trydoing试试看;goontodo接着做另外的事,goondoing继续做原
来的事。
女口:
1)WhenIIefthome,IforgottobringitWithme.
2)1StOPPedUSingthemlastyear.
四、用作定语
1•句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.
1)1havesomanyclothestoWaShtoday.
2)ICan'tthinkofanygoodadvtcBgiVeher.
3)WehavenohousestoIiVein.
2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place,time,Way等时,不定式
与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。
如如:
1)Heneedstime
todohomework.
2)HeWantStoknowthebestWaytotravelaroundthecity.
3.在“therebe...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象:
1)There'SjustsomuchtoSeeanddohere.
2)...buttherearestillmanythingstodothe
五、用作宾语补足语
1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:
要求允许
提议(ask,allow,,advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect,,invite,encourage),教导告诉想要(teach,tell,Want),等待希望愿意(Waitfor,Wish,Wouldlike/love)。
如:
1)ldinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.
2WeshouldallowtheChiIdrentochoosetheirOWnclothes.
2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句
里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:
IOOkat,observe,see,WatCh三“让”:
have,let,make,二“听”:
hear,listento,—“感觉”:
feel,—“注意”:
notice。
女口:
1)ThiSPiCturemakesmefeelexcited!
2)WeSaWLiUYUplaybaseballlastweek.
3.help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。
1)theyCanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.
2)USingemailEngIiShhelpsyouWritequickly.
六、用作状语
1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。
女口:
1)InordertoCatChtheearlybus,ShegotUPVeryearly.
2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.
3)SheCametothisCitytoViSitherdaughter.
2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo…”结构句中。
女口:
1)IfeelVeryluckytohavehim.
2)heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.
3.结果状语,多见于“too・・・to”,“enoughto…”结构句中。
如:
1)I'mtootiredtodoitwell.
2)TheroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletoIiVein.
七、动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“for/ofsb.todosth.”,for/of弓I
出不定式动作的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句子中可以作主语、
宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式复合结构的介词用for
还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。
一般说来,of前面
的形容词是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,WiSe等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。
for前面的形容词是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,前面如果是名词用for。
如:
1.It'SagoodideaforParentStoallowChiIdrentoStUdyingroupsduringtheevening.
2.It'SWiSeofhimtodoitwell.
3)IsitinterestingforthebabytoplayWithaPetdog?
八、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问
副词how,when,where,Why等。
这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。
要注意的是,Why后面的不定式不带to。
如:
1.用作句子的成分。
1)1don'tknowWhattotrynext.(作宾语)
2)Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语)2•单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
1)Whattodonext?
(=WhatwillWe/youdonext?
2)Whygothere?
(=WhydoWe/yougothere?
九、动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not/nevertodo...,不带to的不定式的否
定式是not/neverdo...女口:
1.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.
2.HisParentStellhimnevertoPlaySOCCerinthestreet.
随堂练习一动词填空。
1.1'moingtolistentotheradio.PIeaSe(nottalk)anymore.2.The
students(do)theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.
3.TheStUdents(be)busynow.They(have)anEnglishexamnext
MOnday.
4.Marymust(look)afterherlittleSiSterbecauseSheistooyoung.
5.(he)youWaitingforabusnow?
6.ThiScoatisVerycheap.I(take)itnow.
7.1'lltellhimaboutitWhenhe(COme)back.
8.Couldyoutellmehow.I(Canget)toNo3MiddIeschool.
9.HeSaidthatthenewteacher(give)theStUdentsanEnglish
lessonnow.
10.I(milk)acowthreetimes.
11.EdiSon'Smotherteach)himherself.
12.He(WatCh)TVOnCeaweek.
13.DOn'tSPeakloudly.Thebaby(sleep).
14.IWOn'CtgutUntil.I(finish)myhomework.
15.CouldyoutellmeWhenthetrain(arrive).
16.1oftenhearthesoundofChiIdren(read)Englishintheroom.
17.Heaskedme(help)himWithhisEnglishthisevening.
18.Theirworkis(clean)thestreets.
19.Didheenjoy(work)inChina.
20.WewillStayathomeifit(rain)tomorrow.
21.Bequiet!
Theboy(Sing)anEnglishsong.
22.youyourhomeworkyet(Start)?
23.Who(teach)themEnglishlastterm.
24.There(be)atelephonecallforyoujustnow.
25.PIeaSekeepeverything(clean).
26.Peterwon'thavearestUntilhefiniSh)hiswork.
27.1WatChedTV,soI(forget)(do)myhomework.
28.WhenI(walk)alongtheriver,Imetmyfriend,Tom.
29.WhenMOtherCame,thelittlegirl(play)Withacat.
30.WhenIWaSfive,I(get)toknowtheearth(move)aroUndthe
sun.
31.They(See)aboy(fall)intotheriverwhilethey(PaSS)
ityesterday.
32.(StUdy)hardatyourlessOnSand(nottalk)inclass.
33.YOu(have)better(noteat)thebadfood.
34.WhileI(do)myhomework,myParents_(WatCh)TV.
35.He(notfinish)(read)thebook.
36.1(get)UPVeryearlythismorning.I(read)Englishnow.
37.He(hurry)toschooleverymorning.
38.OUrteacher(notstop)(work)Untileleveno'clocklastnight.
39.Ifhe(know)it,he(be)Veryhappy.
40.It(take)UShalfanhour(read)Englisheveryday.
41.TheChiIdren(run)intheStreetnow.
42.There(be)twomeetingstomorrowmorning.
43.Myfather(sleep)WhenI(get)UPthismorning.
44.WhenI(go)toSeeTom,he(notWrite)anything.
45.Sorry,Whenyou(call)me,I(think)and(nothear)
you.
46.Mr.Green(leave)hisnotebookathomeyesterday.
47.I(Want)tobuyanewcoatnextSUnday.
48.HiSfather(read)newspaperWhenIgotthere.
49.It(be)fiveyearsSinCehe(buy)themotorbike.
50.WefounditWaSVerydifficult(get)acar.
51.Wearesoglad(hear)thenews.
52.1SaWhim(GrOSS)theroadSafeIyand(run)away.
53.Youcan'tmakehim(do)Whatyouwant.
54」don'tknowWhere(meet)him.
55.Whatmakesyou(think)I'mafarmer?
56.DidyouSeehim(go)upstairs?
57.Itisbetter(PUt)yourmoneyinabank.
58.Itisdifficultfortheboy(SWim)acrosstheriver.
59.Ilethim(go)earlyasheWanted(meet)hisUnCIe
attheStatiOn.
60.Willyouhelpme(move)thebed?
61」fhedoesn'know,how(USe)therecorder,you'dbetter
(ShOW)him.
62.Heisthelastone(IeaVe)theOffiCeeveryday.
63」t'Sbadmanners(ShOUt)inpublic.
64.TheboyisoldenoUgh(dress)himself.
65.Sheistooill(go)toschool.
二选择题
1.TellhimtheWindow.
A.toclosenotB.nottocloseC.tonotcloseD.notclose
2.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.
A.learnB.tolearnC.IearnedD.Iearning
3.You'dbetterthestoryinJaPanese.
A.SayB.SPeakC.tellD.talk
4.ThePatientWaSWarnedoilyfoodaftertheOPeratiOn.
A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
5.——Iusuallygotherebytrain.
----WhynotbyboatforaChange?
A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.try
going
6.TherearesomebooksOnthefloor,wouldyouIike?
A.toPiCkthemUPB.toPiCkUPthemC.PiCkitUPD.PiCk
UPit
7.SheisVeryill,let'sadoctoratonce.
A.toWakeUPB.SendforC.toPayforD.Payfor
8.IWantateacherWhenIgrowup.
A.tobeB.toC.beD.being
9.It'scoldhere.You'dbetteryourCoat.
A.nottakeoutB.nottotakedownC.nottakeoffD.not
totakeaway
10.Mymothertoldmemorewater.
A.drinkingB.drankC.todrinkD.drink