最新英语听力4Unit 21324完整文本第二版.docx

最新英语听力4Unit 21324完整文本第二版.docx

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最新英语听力4Unit21324完整文本第二版

Unit2

SectionOneTacticsforListening

ListeningandTranslation

Directions:

ListentosomesentencesandtranslatethemintoChinese.Youwillheareachsentencethreetimes

1.Somepeoplefeartheydonotgetenoughvitaminsfromthefoodstheyeat.

2.Sotheytakeproductswithlargeamountsofvitamins.

3.Theythinkthesevitaminsupplementswillimprovetheirhealthandprotectagainstdisease.

4.Medicalexpertsfoundlittleevidencethatmostsupplementsdoanythingtoprotectorimprovehealth.

5.Buttheynotedthatsomedohelptopreventdisease.

1.一些人担心他们并未从所持的食物中获取足够的维生素。

2.因此他们服用大剂量维生素制剂。

3.他们认为这些维生素制剂能够增进健康，预防疾病。

4.医学专家没有发现多少能证明这些制剂中的绝大多数能保障或增进健康的证据。

5.但是他们注意到其中一些确实有助于预防疾病。

SectionTwoListeningComprehension

Part1Dialogue-PsychologyandPsychiatry

Interviewer:

Perhapswecouldbeginbydefiningthedifferencebetweenpsychologyandpsychiatry*.Iknowit'ssomethingwhichalotofpeoplegetconfusedabout.

Doctor:

Yes,peopleoftendoconfusepsychologyandpsychiatry,andequallypsychologistsandpsychiatrists.Um,firstly,apsychologistwillhaveadegreeinpsychologybutwillnothaveamedicaltraining;apsychiatristisalwaysafullytraineddoctorwhoalsohasadditionalspecialisttraininginthefieldofpsychiatry.Psychiatryisthestudyessentiallyofmentalillness;psychologyisreallythestudyofbehavior,includingnormalbehaviorandmentalprocesses,thewaywethink,behaveandfeel.

Interviewer:

Sohowexactlydoyoudefinementalillness?

Howdoyouknowwhenapersonismentallyill?

Doctor:

It'sadifficultquestionactuallytoanswer.Essentially,mentalillnesscausesadisturbanceinthewaythatpeoplethink,feelandbehave.Um,mostpeoplethinkofmentalillnessintermsofabreakdown;theterm"abreakdown"iscommonlyused.Mostoften,peoplearethinkingofsomeonewho'sbecomeverydepressedoranxious.Butabreakdownmayalsodescribesomeonewho'shadamajormentalillness,wheretheirthinking,feelingsandbehaviormaybecomegrosslydisorganized.

Interviewer:

Right.Um,I'veheardoftheICD,theInternationalClassificationofDisorders.IsthatsomethingwhichisusedinBritaininpsychiatry?

Doctor:

Yes,it'stheInternationalClassificationofDiseases*,um,whichisthemainclassificationusedinEnglandtoclassifyalldiseases;andallpeopleadmittedtohospitalsinEnglandwillhaveadiagnosisgivenwithintheInternationalClassificationofDiseases.Thisclassificationcoversmentalillnessesandreallyclassifiesmentalillnessesunderthreemainheadingsofpsychoses*,neuroses*andpersonalitydisorders.Withineachofthosemainareasofclassificationtherearelotsofotherindividualdiagnoses.

Interviewer:

I'dliketoaskyouaboutschizophrenia*becausethat'sawordwhichpeopleoftenassociatewiththemostextremekindsofinsanity*orlunacy*orI'msureyou'dcallmentaldisturbanceofsomekind.Whatexactlyisthat?

Doctor:

Schizophreniaisaseverepsychotic*illness.Schizophreniausuallyshowsitselfbythepersonperhapshearingvoiceswhenthere'snothingtoaccountforthevoiceintheenvironment.Theyoftenhavefirmbutabnormalbeliefs,forexamplethatthey'rebeingfollowedorpersecutedandtheirbehavioragainmayseemveryodd.

Interviewer:

Isthereanyeffectivetreatmentforthisdisorder?

Doctor:

Yes,thereis.Therehavebeenadvancesinthetreatmentofschizophrenia,particularlysincereallythe1950swhenthemajoranti-psychoticdrugswereintroduced.Themainlineoftreatmentnowincludesdrugtreatmentswhichcanreduceorgetridofsymptoms,butwealsothesedaysverymuchprovidesocialandfamilysupportandhelptoschizophrenicpatients.

Interviewer:

Mm…Thereisastigma,isn'tthere,attachedtomentalillnessgenerallybysociety.ButIbelieveit's

actuallyalotmorecommonthanpeoplethink.Isthattrue?

Doctor:

Mentalillnessisverycommon.Iwasreadingapaperjusttodaywhichwastalkingaboutmentalhealthcareandwaspointingoutsomeverystaggeringstatistics,forexamplethat26percentofthepopulationconsulttheirfamilydoctoreachyearwithmentalhealthproblems,that14percentofdayslosttoworkarearesultofmentalhealthproblems,that20percentofourtotalNHS*expenditureisfortreatingmentalhealthproblems.

Interviewer:

Well,how...howdoweactuallypreventmentalillness?

Isitpreventable?

Doctor:

That'sareallydifficultquestion.

Interviewer:

Isn'tittruethat,wellatleastonetheoryisthatinmanycasesmentalillnessesarehereditary,or

people,youknow,withparentsorgrandparentsandsoon,whoareprone*tothiswillgetitthemselves,andthereforepresumablyexternalfactorsaren'tgoingtomakeanydifference?

Doctor:

Ithinkintermsofthecauseoretiology*ofmentalillness,thereareoftenormostusuallymanyfactorsoperating,sothepersonmaybegeneticallymorevulnerabletothatkindofillness.Thevulnerability,though,isonlyoneaspect.Stressesintheirlife,physicalillnesses—whichcancausementalillnesses—maybeanotherfactorbringingaboutmentalill-health.Sothereareavarietyoffactorsinteracting,whichareleadingtomentalillness.

Interviewer:

Sopreventionreallyhastobetackledfromanumberofdifferentfronts?

Doctor:

Yes.

Directions:

Listentothedialogueandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.

1.Psychologyandpsychiatry

Psychologyandpsychologist

Psychiatryandpsychiatrist

1）Psychologyisreallythestudyofbehavior,

includingnormalbehaviorandmentalprocesses,thewaywethink,behaveandfeel.

2）Apsychologistwillhaveadegreeinpsychologybutwillnothaveamedicaltraining.

1）Psychiatryisthestudyessentiallyofmentalillness.

2）Apsychiatristisalwaysafullytraineddoctorwhoalsohasadditionalspecialisttraininginthefieldofpsychiatry.

2.Classificationofmentalillness

Mentalillness

Psychoses

Neuroses

Personalitydisorders

3.Schizophrenia

Definition

Symptom

Treatment

Aseverepsychoticillness

1）Hearingvoiceswhenthere's

nothingtoaccountforthe

voiceintheenvironment

2）Havingfirmbutabnormalbeliefs

1）Drugtreatmentswhichcanreduceorgetridofsymptoms

2）Socialandfamilysupportandhelptoschizophrenicpatients

4.Mentalillness

Situation

Cause

Solution

1）Mentalillnessisverycommon.

2）26percentofthepopulation

consulttheirfamilydoctoreach

yearwithmentalhealthproblems.

3）14percentofdayslosttowork

arearesultofmentalhealthproblems.

4）20percentofourtotalNHS

expenditureisfortreatingmentalhealthproblems.

1）Thereareoftenormostusuallymanyfactorsoperating.

2）Thepersonmaybegeneticallymorevulnerabletothatkindofillness.

3）Stressesintheirlife

4）Physicalillnesses—whichcancausementalillnesses

1）That'sareallydifficultquestion.

2）Preventionhastobetackledfromanumberofdifferentfronts.

Part2Passage-ICouldn'tStopDieting

"Iamsolelyresponsibleforthedestructionofmymarriage."IstaredatthewordsI'dwritteninmyjournalandfeltthestingoftears.Afterfiveyearsofmarriage,Stanwouldleaveme.I'dbealonewithmyscale,myexercise,andmycalorie-counting.

StanandIhadmet10yearsearlierwhileteachingatthesameChristianhighschool.I'dbeenfrighteningly

thin,butStanhadignoredmyemaciated*appearanceandbefriendedthepersoninside.Hewasagoodfriend,someonesafewithwhomIcouldtalk.Earlyinourfriendship,Itoldhimaboutmyhistoryofanorexia*,mytwohospitalizationsforthedisorder,andtheyearsI'dspentintherapytryingtogetwell.Hewaskindandunderstanding.Still,Icouldn'tbringmyselftorevealthewholetruth—thatachildhoodofverbalandsexualabusehadlednotonlytoanorexia,butrebellionandpromiscuity*.ThoughIknewStancaredforme,alittlevoiceinmyheadinsistedIwasn'tgoodenoughforhim,andthatI'deventuallylosehim.

Bythetimeheproposedthreeyearslater,I'dgainednearly20pounds.Mygaunt*faceandbodyhadbecomemuscularandhealthy,andmycounselorassuredmethatI'dprogressedtothepointofnolongerneedingtherapy.Soon,StanandIweremarried.

Severalmonthsafterourwedding,asIwasstrivingtobethe"perfect"wife,theanorexiareemerged.

ThoughI'dpreparedheartymealsforStan,IcarefullyrestrictedwhatIate,panickinganytimeIhadn'texercised"enough".Stan'scareerchangeonlyaddedtothestress,andmyweight,theonlythingIcouldcontrolcompletely,slowlybegantodrop.

AsmuchasIwantedtopleasemyhusbandbymaintainingahealthyweight,exerciseandfoodrestriction

hadbecomemysolemeansofcopingwithstress.WheneverStanandIwouldhaveaconflict,I'daddminutesontomydailyworkout,orskipameal.Theanorexiagavemeatwistedsenseofcontrolovermylife.

Onenightfiveyearsafterwegotmarried,myhusbandtoldmethathedidn'twanttostayinamarriagelike

this.Idecidedfinallytogethelp.

Iwenttoacounselor.Duringourfirstsession,Itearfullydescribedmysituation."Iknowthisismyfault,"I

said,"butwhycan'tIstop?

NowonderIhatemyself!

"

Wecontinuedcounselingsessionsfornearlyayear,andIlearnedgraduallytoseemyanorexiainanew

light—asthescarfromapainfulchildhoodthatledtothefearI'dneverbelovedforwhoIwas.

Slowly,IbecameconvincedthatonlyImyselfhadthepowertotransformmyheartandlife.Ihadtobegin

withhonesty.Icouldnolongerbedeceptiveabouttheanorexia,norcouldIhidemypast.

We'venowbeenmarriedsevenyears.AsStanandIcontinuetoshareopenlywitheachother,I'vebecome

moresecureinhisloveandi