艺术硕士戏剧学精华笔记手机版Master of ArtsDramaessence notesMobile Edition.docx

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艺术硕士戏剧学精华笔记手机版MasterofArtsDramaessencenotesMobileEdition

艺术硕士-戏剧学--精华笔记--手机版（MasterofArts-Drama-essencenotes-MobileEdition）

Dramaisaspecialtypeofart,spacecomprehensiveart,comprehensiveartexpressionformthecombination（expression,music,painting,danceandother）,isanancientart,humancivilizationwillhavetheancientdrama.

Drama:

ageneraltermforChinesetraditionaloperas

Drama:

narrowsenseiswesterndrama,drama,drama（1907ChinaChunliushedescendantsaccordingtowesternstyle'newdrama<>Camille）.ThecorrespondingnewolddramacorrespondstodramaandtraditionaloperathroughouttwentiethCentury:

Newplay-civilizedplay（1927TianHan,HongSennameddrama）;

Olddrama:

KunquOperaandsoon.\\pihuangdramaafterthesongandYuandynasties,

Nanxidramaanddancemystory,WangbanqiangflowerYabattle:

flowers,localopera,KunquOpera,KunquOperaya.2001wasincludedintheUNESCOintangibleculturalheritageandoralworld.

Theworldisthethreedramaculturesystempreserved:

classicaldramainancientGreeceandRome（tragicomedy）,ancientIndiaoperaanddrama.ThefirstthreeChinesedramaandJapaneseNohandfourstyles.Westerncultureisthedominantculture,ancientGreeceasthesourceofwesternculturestrong.AndtheorientalculturesystemandIndiaOperahasended,JapaneseNohanddancestillexists.FrenchscholarsfoundthecharmofOrientaldramaiscrueldrama,dramaistheroleofbusinessChinesecharacteristics,performanceandstructureofvirtualdancestageoffreehandbrushwork.

Dramaisacombinationofhumancivilization,humannatureandhumanroots.Dramabelongstomaterialcultureandspiritualculture.Thethreemajorculturesarematerial,institutionalandspiritual

TheoriginofDrama:

theinstinctofhumanimitation,theinstinctofexpression,theinstinctofwatching,andthesocialization.Dramaisagroupart,relatedtohumansociality,andcombinedwithsocialinstinct

Theessentialfeaturesofdramaaredifferentfromthoseofelements-elements,andtherearefourbasicelementsinthecompositionofdrama

1）actorandPerformingArts（core）isalivingfossilChinese\\Nuoopera

（2）thefactorsofaudience,therelationshipbetweendramaanddramathebasicrelationandbasiccontradictionofdrama

（3）thescriptfactors（meanperformingaspecificstory）drama,dramascriptofprovisions,indispensableplotanddramaticconflict.Theearliestdramaperformances,later,thesymbolofthematurityofthedramascript.ImprovisationaldramaoftheRenaissanceinItaly:

theactorstoimprovise,"drama"isforreading,noncompletesenseofdrama.China"toadmiretableseries":

onlytheoutlineofthescript,nospecificscript,earlyoperaform,notonlyseriouslyabsurd,thefallofcivilizationplaywiththis.Thescriptisnottheonlydecisivefactor.Likeintheplaythatplay.

（4）.Theatreandartdirector:

artspace,consciousnessofart,theaterdirectorandinseparable,innineteenthCentury70sand80stheGermantravelingtroupePrinceMeiNinggenbecametheworld'sfirstdirector.Directedbyconsciouslytomature,tothetheaterasawhole.Thescenecomedy:

aliveaudience,makingsenseofthescene,cannedlaughter.TVdramaandradiodramaisitsvariation.

ThehistoricalstageofWesterndramadevelopment:

（1）ancientGreeceandRome

（2）Medieval

（3）theRenaissanceperiodfrom14tosixteenthCenturyinthelateMiddleAges

（4）classicaldramainseventeenthCentury

（5）（1600-1730music,Baroqueperiod）,theeighteenthCenturyenlightenmenttotheRomanticPeriod

（6）romanticismandrealismroseinnineteenthCentury

（7）modernistdramainthelatenineteenthCentury

Theregionisexpanding:

theMediterranean（East）-theancientRomeEmpire-theJewishpeople（ChristianCivilization）-ItalyandSpain

Importantevolution:

Source:

AncientGreece,Rome

Ithasnotformedacompleteconceptofdrama,buttherearemainlytwokindsoftragedyandcomedy.IntheancientGreekgodmemorialceremonyandritualharvestthreeancientGreektragedianrespectively（Note:

tounderstand,hereforrecordingcanbeomitted）characteristicsrespectivelyisthe"fatherofthetragedy","AeschylusboundPloMichelJ"trilogy.Themostimportanttragedyisthepopularizationofworks

Thebeautyoftragedy,fear,pity,catharsisandrollingtheory,theteacherhighlightedthe"catharsis","purification",

OedipusdestinytragedyembodiesthedeeppsychologicalcultureofEurope

OldcomedycomedyandcomedyAristophanes--newMilan-Germany（representativeworksomitted）,comedycharactersarenotbignobles,butingeneralpeople,characterandbehaviorpsychologicaldefects.Tragedytotheshockofthesoul,bothpityandfear.Themorebadpeopleworsethanuscomedy,leadpeoplelaugh,thisisthebiggestfeature,mainlydividedintotwokinds:

humorandsatire.Rometimescultureislackoforiginality,theinheritanceandimitationofancientGreece.

Christiancivilization

SuppressionoftheancientGreekcivilizationandthenegative,darkmedievalreligiousrule,tosuppressscientificandhumanisticspirit,politicsandreligion.TheChristianideaoforiginalsinconsciousnessofconfession,humangrassrootsculture,hasgreatinfluenceonEuropeandrama,especiallyintragedy.TheEuropeancivilizationknownasthe"twocivilizations"thatisasourceofancientGreeceistwotheHebrewcivilization（Religion）

Renaissance:

Drama

ThebirthplaceofItaly,antifeudal,humandignitymustvalue.<>isthecritiqueofDivineComedyDantemedievaltheology.Westernview:

dramaisapartofthepoem,isthemostimportantpart.TheinfluenceofItalyfolkimprovisationalcomedyanddrama<>ontheDecameronEuropeanRenaissance.ThemostimportanttheatricalachievementinSpainandBritain.Spain:

veigar"YangQuanCuninBritain.TheUniversitywitsplaywrightandShakespeare.ThelatterbecameanotherpeakofEuropeandrama,tragedy,drama,historicaldramaanddrama.Shakespeare'stragedyisthetragedyoftraditionalEuropeanbeautyoforiginalsinandtheconfessionconsciousnessoffourmajorbreakthrough,farbeyondthetragedytheancientGreektragedyinRomestyle,morerichandcolorful

1）absorbmedievalreligiouscultureandfolk

（2）breakthelockingstructure.Lockingstructuresuchastheoedipalstructurefromtheorigintotheconflict,contradictiontotherapidexpansionoftheoutbreak,Aristotlethinkitisfoundthat<>poeticsisasuddenturn,thatistofindtheplotandcharactersthefateofthesuddenchange,suchas<>.CaoYuthunderstormandtheopenstructureofdramathestructureisfree,suchasHamlet

（3）thebeautyofTragedy:

thecharactermaybegoodcanalsobebad,suchas"Macbeth""KingLear",themaincharacterdespicable,thetragedyisdefinitelyworthkillingMacbethaftertheconfessionconsciousness,revealsthehumanity.Inshort,unliketheancientGreektragedy.Shakespeare'scomedyisasatireandhumorouscomedythereisaromanticcomedy,"AMidsummerNight'sdreamduringtwelfthnights,suchascomedy>

Influenceoftherenaissanceafterthescientificrationalism,differentiationwiththelanguagemovementprimarilywhitefamilies（theplay）;totuneperformanceofopera;todancebasedshow,afterthetwobelongtotheroyalfamilyfunshow.

ClassicismintheseventeenthCentury

TakeFranceasthecenter,returntotheclassics,andmakethedoctrineofancientGreeceandRomebedogmatic

（1）the"ThreeRepresents"theclassicalartofpoetry>

（2）inrespectofkingship,respectreason.Representativesare:

two-GaoNaiyiandRacine'sTragedy（thelatteristheclassicalpsychologicaltragedy,focusingonEducation）;acomedianSidMoliere<>>>,thespiritofdramaisafolk,entertainment.Artisthedanceinshackles,mustrespecttheformanddevelopmentofrhyme.FromthelateeighteenthCenturytobecomedogmatic,far-reaching.

TheeighteenthCenturyenlightenment

EncyclopediaofSchoolofDiderotisalsoaplaywright,firstmentionedactor,performingarts;secondlyputforwardconceptof"seriouscomedy",tothepublicperformanceoftheobjectisbothseriousandpopularliteratureorart,thepublicdramanowknownastragicomedy.GermanHamburgischeDramaturgie（<>Laocoonaesthetics）dramamainly.Achievement:

ifthebarberofFranceBeaumarchaisFigaroSevillewedding.",

TheGermanSturmundDrangofthemaincharactersGerdandSchiller（<>>robberconspiracyandlove）,GerdtheGermanliteraturetotheworld,"ConfuciusofWeimar"intheFaustFaust>,ineighteenthCenturytobecometherepresentativeoftheEuropeantheater.

RomanticisminnineteenthCentury

Continuationofideologicalliberationmovementofenlightenment,inarttobreaktheclassicaltradition,advocatingpassion.Hugoprefaceisco