高考英语压轴题之阅读理解高考题型整理突破提升含答案.docx
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高考英语压轴题之阅读理解高考题型整理突破提升含答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.Itcouldbesomethingassimpleasnotgettingthejobyouwanted,orgettingfewermarksevenafterhardwork.Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.
Once,ayoungschoolboywascaughtinafireaccidentinhisschoolandwasassumedthathewouldnotlive.Hismotherwastoldthathewassuretodie,fortheterriblefirehaddestroyedthelowerhalfofhisbody.Evenifheweretosurvive,hewouldbelamethroughouthislife.
Butthebraveboydidnotwanttodienordidhewanttobelame. Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.Butunfortunatelyfromhiswaistdown,hehadnomotorability.Histhinlegsjusthungthere,lifeless.Eventuallyheleftthehospital.Buthisdeterminationtowalkwasunshakable.Athome,whenhewasnotinbed,hehadtostayinawheelchair.Oneday,hethrewhimselffromthechairandpulledhimselfacrossthegrass,dragginghislegsbehindhim.Hereachedthefence,raisedhimselfupandthenbegandragginghimselfalongthefence,firmlydetermined.Hedidthiseveryday,withfaithinhimselfthathewouldbeabletowalkunaided.Withhisirondetermination,hediddeveloptheabilitytostandup,thentowalkonandoff,thentowalkbyhimselfandthentorun.
Hebegantowalktoschool,andthenruntoschool,torunforthejoyofrunning.Laterincollegehewasonthetrackteam.
InFebruary1934,inNewYorkCity'sMadisonSquareGarden,thisyoungmanwhowasnotexpectedtosurvive,whowouldsurelyneverwalk,whocouldneverhopetorun-thisdeterminedyoungman,Dr.GlennCunningham,rantheworld'sfastestmile.
Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,andhisstory,abrilliantevidencetohowonecanbouncebackevenwhenalldifficultiesarepiledagainstone,tothedegreethatdeathseemedthepreferableoption.
（1）Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.
A. presentanargument
B. makepreparationsforstatement
C. arousereaders'interest
D. functionasabriefintroduction
（2）Whatwasthedoctor'sopinionaboutGlenn?
A. Glennwasabletowalkwithhisowngreateffort.
B. GreatdeterminationcouldmakeadifferencetoGlenn.
C. TherewasaslimchancethatGlenncouldsurvive.
D. Glenncouldliveanormallifewiththeupperhalt"ofhisbody.
（3）WhatdoweknowaboutGlenn?
A. Glenntookrecoveryexerciseinhospital. B. Glenninspiredpeoplewithhismovingstory.
C. GlennwonthefirstplaceinMarathon. D. Glennorganizedatrackteamincollege.
（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
A. Strengthendetermination
B. Standupafterfailure
C. Goafterdreams D. Facedifficultybravely
【答案】
（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。
每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。
文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。
”
（1）推理判断题。
根据第一段中Everybody,atsomepointintheirlives,hasexperiencedfailure.和Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.可知，第一段的作用是作一个简短的介绍。
故选D。
（2）推理判断题。
根据第三段中Muchtotheamazementofthedoctor,hedidsurvive.可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。
故选C。
（3）推理判断题。
根据最后一段中Agoodexampleofthepowerofpositivethinkingandfaithinone'sself,GlennCunninghamcontinuestobeaninspirationformany,可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励人们。
故选B。
（4）主旨大意题。
根据第一段最后一句Butwhatmakesyouisnotyourfailure,buthowyougetbackupafterbeinghit.“让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。
”可知本文最佳主题是B项Standupafterfailure。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇议论类阅读，阅读时首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。
看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。
2．阅读理解
In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest（珠穆朗玛）.Itwasthoughtimpossible.Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese—namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads—haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh.
Theteamtrainedtheyoungsterstoflyinalargewindtunnelwearingbackpacksandfacemasksfullofsensorsthatrecordedtheirheartrate.bloodoxygenlevels,temperature,andmetabolicrate—howmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.Theresearcherssimulated（模拟）10w-,medium-,andhigh-altitudeconditionsbyalteringtheconcentrationofoxygensuppliedtofacemaskswornbyeachgooseasitflewinthetunnel.
Birdsalreadyhaveabetterheartandlungsthanmammalsforsustainedphysicalactivity.Andresearchersknewthatbar-headedgeesehaveevenlarger,thinnerlungsthatletthembreathemoredeeplyandanevenbiggerhearttopumpmoreoxygentomusclesthanotherbirds.
Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygenwasatitslowest-likethe7%foundontopofMountEverestversus21%atsealevel—thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped.Somehow,thebirdsmanagedtocooldowntheirblood-themeasuredbloodtemperaturedroppedsoitcouldtakeinmoreoxygen,theresearchersreporttodayineLife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscompensatefortheverythinair,theteamsays.
Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orlesswhenwearingtheirbackpacksandflyingat6ihigh"altitudes.Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest.
（1）Whydidtheresearchersraise19bar-headedgeeseandtrainthem?
A. Totesttheflyingheightandspeedofthem.
B. ToconfirmtheycouldflyoverMountEverest.
C. Toobservethemflyingthroughthewindtunnel.
D. Toseehowmanycaloriestheyburnedperhour.
（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthewindtunnelexperiment?
A. Itwascarriedoutatveryhighaltitude.
B. Thegeesemanagedtobreathelesswhentheirblooddecreased.
C. Thegeesecouldlivethroughthelowestconcentrationofoxygen.
D. Itshowsthegeesecouldflyathighaltitudeforlong.
（3）Whatstillpuzzlesscientistsaboutthegeese?
A. Whethertheyhavesuperheartsandlungs.
B. Whethertheyhavemusclespumpedmoreoxygento.
C. Whethertheyarewillingtowearbackpacksandfacemasks.
D. Whethertheycanmanagetofly8hourstoclimboverMountEverest.
（4）Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?
A. Asciencefiction.
B. Aclimbingguide.
C. Atravelbrochure.
D. Asciencereport.
【答案】
（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。
结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的"In1953,amountainclimberreportedseeingabar-headedgoosesoaroverthepeakofMountEverest.Itwasthoughtimpossible."报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。
人们认为这是不可能的；以及"Nowresearcherswhoraised19ofthegeese-namedfortheblackstripesonthebacksoftheirheads-haveshownthebirdsreallyflysohigh."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。
再根据最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest.ButthosefewminutesshowedthesegeesereallycouldflyoverthetopofMountEverest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚不清楚。
由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。
故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的"Thewindtunnelexperimentsshowedthatwhentheconcentrationofoxygen...thegeese'sheartrateandfrequencyofwingbeatsremainedthesameevenastheirmetabolicratedropped....theresearchersreporttodayinelife.Thiscoolinglikelyhelpscomp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。
研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Althoughwelltrained,thebirdswereonlywillingtostayintheairafewminutes-orless..."尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。
这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。
故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Soit'snotclearwhethertheseadaptationsalonearewhatmakeitpossibletoflythe8hoursittakestoclimboverMountEverest."可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。
故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。
为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。
结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
由此可知本文属于科普文章。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityrecentlyinstalledthesystemsintwopilotclassroomsaswellasschoolgates,dormitoryentrances,thelibraryandlaboratorybuildings.
XuJianzhen,directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures."Inthepast,somestudentsjustcheckedtheirattendanceandditchedtheclassoraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.Nowwithfacialrecognition,thatwouldnolongerbeaproblem,"hesaid."Themomentyouentertheclassroom,thecamerawillmonitoryouallthewaythroughandcantellhowlongyouloweryourhead,whetheryou'replayingwithasmartphone,whetheryou'redozingofforreadingotherbooks,"headded.
ThenewshasraisedwidedebateonChinesesocialmedia,withmanyquestioningifthecameraswillviolatestudents'privacy.ASinaWeibousersaid:
"Iopposesuchmethods,anditisnotclearwhetherthesystemsaredevelopedbytheschoolitselforbythirdparties.Ifitisthelatter,isthereanyregulationofsecurity?
Wherewilltheinformationbesentandstored?
"
GanXiangsi,aseniorstudentfromtheunive
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