最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题含答案.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解练习题含答案.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解练习题含答案

最新高考英语阅读理解练习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   EngineersinUpstateNewYorkhaveinventedafoldedpaperdevicethatlookslikeadecoratedartproject.Butdon'tbefooled.Thisisactuallyapaper-basedbattery.No,itdoesn'tlooklikeanyofthosemetalbatteriesrunningflashlightsorsmartphones.Inthesesystems,thebatterycanbeprintedonapage.Thebattery'spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.

   Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.

   "Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,"Choisays."Theyarecheapandself-repairing."Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.

   Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.

   Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode（正负极）.They'realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.

（1）Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?

A. Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.    

B. Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.

C. Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.       

D. Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.

（2）Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?

A. Powertinydevices.                                           

B. Lowerbloodsugarlevels.

C. Producemuchelectricity.                                

D. Changechemicalsinthepaper.

（3）Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A. Theapplicationofthenewbattery.                B. Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.

C. Theintentiontoinventthedevice.                 D. Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?

A.Defensive.

B.Optimistic.

C.Doubtful.

D.Ambiguous.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纸基电池的原理，这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电，同时，该电池也可以运用在医学方面，如测试血糖等。

研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。

该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的，只需要细菌就可以充电了，这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"纸基电池不会储存很多的电量，但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方，A项符合题意，故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第四段中的"Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes（微生物）produceelectricityastheydigestfood"，这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察，即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。

因此，科学家们"Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。

由此可知，第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"该电池的优点是，人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。

作者用到beauty"优点"一词来说明该设备，说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．（2019•浙江）阅读理解

   Moneywithnostringsattached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."

   Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook,"saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.

   "WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,"Bridgessaid."There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.

   Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.

   "Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid."Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”

（1）Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?

A. Moneyspentwithouthesitation.                    

B. Moneynotlegallymade.

C. Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.                

D. Moneynottiedtogether.

（2）WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?

A. Womentendedtobemoresociable.             

B. Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.

C. Economicproblemsweregettingworse.       

D. Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.

（3）WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?

A. Todoatestonpeople'smorals.                      

B. Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.

C. Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.                

D. Topromotekindnessandsympathy.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站，竖起了一块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子，上面写着“留下你能给予的，拿走你所需要的。

”虽然有很多人拿走了钱，但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。

（1）词义猜测题。

根据下文第二段开头whilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtothebtoard可知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换，需要的从上面拿钱，有富余的可以在上面留钱。

这些钱是没有附加条件的。

故答案为C。

（2）推理判断题。

题干中的bride是TylerBridges举的一个例子，为了证明前一句Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社会经济的）backgroundsgaveandtook，即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。

故答案为B。

（3）推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中

Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy可知他发起这个活动的目的是让人们展示慷慨和同情。

故答案为D。

【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句，阅读时要要弄清新闻的主旨，弄清细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子，从而得到需要的答案。

3．阅读理解

Anaspirinadaykeepsthedoctoraway

   Dr.TimJohnsondiscussesevidenceofadailydoseofaspirin'sbenefits.That'snotthesaying,butdoctorshaveagreed,foraboutageneration,thatanaspirinadayisgoodforyou.Itmayreducetheriskofheartattacksorstrokesby20percentormore.

   TheUSPreventiveServicesTaskForce,anindependentgroupconvenedbytheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,haspublishedguidelinesthatitsaysshouldendtheconfusion.

   Thekeypoints:

   ⒈Menshouldstartadailyaspirinatage45,mainlytoprotectagainstheartattacks.

   ⒉Womenshouldstartat55,mainlytoprotectagainststroke.

   ⒊Forbothsexes,ababyaspirin-typically81milligramaday-willdothejob.Thereisnoevidencethatalargedosemakesadifference.

   ⒋Andbothsexesshouldstopbyage80,unlesstheirdoctorssayotherwise.Asyougetolder,there'sagreaterriskofbleedinginthebrainorthedigestivesystem,ariskthatissmallbutcanbedeadlyinsomecases.

   Ifpeoplestarttakingaspirinastheguidelines,doctorssaytheirriskofheartattackswilldropbyabout20percent."Peoplemayaskthemselves'AmIatriskforaheartattackorastroke?

'"saidDr.RandalThomas,directorofcardiovas-cularhealthattheMayoClinicinMinnesota"Ifyouareage45andmale,ifyou'reaboveage55andfemale,theanswerismostlikelyyes,andyouwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofaspirinaday.

（1）WhatmightDr.TimJohnsonthinkoftakinganaspirinaday?

A. Itisuselessfortheold.                                    

B. Itwillkeepthedoctoraway.

C. Itisbeneficialtohealth.                                  

D. Itwillhaveharmfulsideeffects.

（2）Whatcanwelearnfromtheguidelines?

A. Theaspirinhasthesameeffectonbothmenandwomen.

B. Alargedoseofaspirinwillcausebleedinginthebrain.

C. Peopleshouldstarttakingaspirinatage45.

D. Itwillbeawasteifyoutakemorethan81milligramofaspirinaday.

（3）WhatmightbeDr.RandalThomasattitudetotheguidelines?

A. Critical.                         

B. Supportive.                         

C. Cautious.                         

D. Doubtful.

（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A. Howtokeepthedoctoraway.                        

B. Howtoreducethehealthyrisk.

C. Whatarebenefitsofaspirin.                           

D. Whoshouldtakeaspirinandwhen.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍类"谁应该在什么时候服用阿司匹林"。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”Dr.TimJohnsondiscussesevidenceofadailydoseofaspirin'sbenefits.“可知阿司匹林对健康是有好处的。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三小点”ababyaspirin-typically81milligramaday-willdothejob.Thereisnoevidencethatalargedosemakesadifference.“可知阿司匹林服入超过81毫克是没有作用的，也就是过多的服用是浪费，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”youwillmostlikelybenefitfromtakingasmalldoseofasp