大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文.docx
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大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习英文
希腊罗马神话复习
单选
(课文)
10分
判断
(课文)
10分
表格
(默写)
20分
Greek
Roman
RoleinMythology
Aphrodite
Venus
Goddessofbeauty,sexualdesire.(RM:
goddessofgardensandfields.)
Apollo
Apollo
Godofprophecy,medicineandarchery(lateGreek/RM:
godofsun)
Ares
Mars
Godofwar
Artemis
Diana
Goddessofthehunt(late
Greek/RM:
goddessofmoon)
Asclepius
Aesculapius
Godofmedicine
Athena
Minerva
Goddessofartsandcraftsandwar;helperofheroes(lateGreek/Rm:
goddessofwisdom)
Cronus
Sarturn
Godofthesky;rulerofthe
Titans(RM:
goddessofagriculture)
Demeter
Ceres
Goddessofgrain
Dionysus
Bacchus
Godofwineandvegetation
Eros
Cupid
Godoflove
Gaea
Tellus
MotherEarth
Hades
Pluto
Godoftheunderworld;lordofthedead
Hephaestus
Vulcan
Godoffire;blacksmithofthegods
Hera
Juno
Goddessofmarriageandchildbirth;protectorofmarriedwomen;queenofthegods
Hermes
Mercury
Messengersofthegods;protectoroftravelers,thieves,andmerchants
Hestia
Vesta
Guardianofthehome
Poseidon
Neptune
Godoftheseaandearthquakes
Rhea
Ops
WifeofCronus/Sarturn;
MotherGoddess
Uranus
Uranus
Godofthesky;fatherofthe
Titans
Zeus
Jupiter
Rulerofthegods
四•名词解释(课后)20分
C1
l.delphic:
ItrelatestoDelphi.ltmeansambiguous.
2.0lypian:
ItrelatestoOlympianGods.Itmeansthatsomeoneislikeagod,especiallybybeing
calmandnotconcernedaboutordinarythings.
3.martial:
ItrelatestoMars.ltmeanssomethingconnectedwithwarandfighting.
4.nemesis:
ItrelatestoNemesis.Itmeansapunishmentthatisdeservedandcannotbeavoided.
5.titanic:
ItrelatestoTitans.ltmeanssomethingbig,strongandpowerful.
C2
1.Junoesque:
ItrelatestoJuno.ltmeanssomeoneiselegantandbeautifullikeJuno.
2.Argus-eyed:
ItrelatestoArgus.Itmeanssomeoneiswatchfulandalert.
3.satyr/satyriasis:
ItrelatestoSatyr.Itmeanssomeonethathasanabnormallyintensesexualdesireinmen.
4.mercurial:
ItrelatestoMercury.Itmeanshavingfeelingsthatchangesuddenlyandwithoutwarning.
C4
1.chaotic:
ItrelatestoChaos.Itmeansmessyanddisorder.
2.Pandora'sbo:
IxtrelatestoPandora.Itmeanstherootoftroubles.
3.Promethean:
ItrelatestoPrometheus.ItmeansapersonwhoresemblesPrometheus.
C6
1.Dionysiac:
ItrelatestoDionysus.ItmeansSensuality,debauchery,andrevelry.
C7
1.Midas'/ass's:
IetarreslatestoMidas.ItmeansAsecretthatcannotbehid.Italsomenassomeoneisshallowanduninformed.
2.Midas/thegoldentouch:
ItrelatestoMidas.Itmeanstouchingastoneandturningitintogold.
3.cuttheGordianknot:
ItrelatestoAlexander.Itmeanssolvingacomplexproblemwithaboldstrike.
C8
1.cereal:
ItrelatestoCeres.Itmeansgrains.
2.aureole:
ItrelatestoAurora.Itmeansabrightcircleoflight.
C9
1.Charon'sboat/ferry:
ItrelatestoCharon.Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.
2.crosstheStyx:
Itmeanssomeoneisgoingtodie.
1.
shonors.
gain/reap/win(one')slaurels:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeansgainingone
2.Looktoone'slaur:
IetlsrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstoworkhardinordernottolosetheachievement.
3.rest/repose/retire/sit(back)onone:
'ItrsellatuerseltsoDaphne.Itmeanstosatisfywithwhat
youhaveachievedandstoptrying.
4.aNoble/poetlaureate:
ItrelatestoDaphne.Itmeanstobeanoblepricewinner.
C13
1.cupidity:
ItrelatestoCupid.Itmeansaverystrongdesireforsomething.
2.erotic:
ItrelatestoEros.Itmeanssexualexcitement.
C14
1.Aphrodite'sgird:
lIetrelatestoAphrodite.Itmeansunlimitedfemalesexuality.
2.adonis:
ItrelatestoAdonis.Itmeanssomeoneisahandsomeyoungman.
C16
1.Narcissism:
ItrelatestoNarcissus.Itmeansthehabitofalwaysthinkingaboutyourselfandadmiringyourself.
C17
1.Pygmalioneffect:
ItrelatestoPygmalion.Itisaphenomenoninwhichthegreatertheexpectationplaceduponpeople,thebettertheyperform.
C18
1.atlantean:
ItrelatestoAtalanta.Itmeansstrong,powerfulandgigantic.
2.Mountone'sPegas:
uIstrelatestoPegasus.Itmeanstowriteapoem.
3.
smind.
achimerainone'sb:
rIatirnelatestoPerseus.Itmeansthefantasyinone
1.thechoiceofHeracles:
ItrelatestoHeracles.Itmeanssomeoneisinadilemma.
2.CleansetheAugeanStable:
ItrelatestoAugeas.Itmeanstoremovesomethingtotally.
3.Herculeaneffort:
ItrelatestoHercules.Itmeansgreateffort.
C21
1.sowdragon'stee:
tIhtmeanstoprovokewarbyspreadingdispute;orcultivatewarriorsormonster.
2.aCadmean/Pyrrhicvictory:
ItrelatestoCadmus.Itmeansavictorythatcomesatagreatcost.
C22
1.sphinxriddle:
ItrelatestoSphinx.Itmeansapuzzlewhichisverydifficulttosolve.
C24
1.theappleofdiscord:
Itmeanstherootofthetroubleandanysubjectofpossibleofcontentionordisagreement.
2.Achilles'h:
IeterellatestoAchilles.Itmeansaweakpointinsomethingthatisotherwiseperfect.
3.hector:
ItrelatestoHector.Itmeanstointimidateordominateinablusteringway.
4.AchillesandPatroclus:
ItrelatestoAchillesandPatroclus.Itmeansmalefriendship,aheroicfriendship.
5.FightlikeaTrojan:
Itmeanstofightwithgreatdetermination.
6.SulkylikeAchillesinhistent:
ItrelatestoAchilles.Itmeanssulky.
7.aTrojanhorse:
Itmeansthehiddendanger.
8.Myrmidon:
Itmeansafaithfulfollowerwhocarriesoutorderswithoutquestion.
9.HelenofTrojan:
ItrelatestoHelen.Itmeanstherootofwar;abeautywhoruinshercountry;aterribledisasterbroughtbysomebodyorsomethingyoulikebest.
10.Greekgift:
Itmeansagiftwithevilpurposeoftheenemy;agifttomurder.
五.简答题20分
C1
1.WhatdidtheancientGreeksknowabouttheirworld?
TheGreeksbelievedtheearthtobeflatandcircular,theirowncountryoccupyingthemiddleof
it,thecentralpointbeingeitherMountOlympus,TheearthisdividedintotwoequalpartsbytheSea.AroundtheearthflowedtheRiverOcean.
2.Towhichplaceweremortalsfavoredbythegodstakenwhentheydied?
TheAethiopians.
3.HowdidZeusdividetheruleoftheworldwithhisbrother?
Zeus'sportionwastheheavens,Poseidon'stheoceanandHades'stherealmsofthedead.
4.HowwasVenusmarriedofftoVulcan?
JupitergavehertoVulcan,ingratitudefortheservicehehadrenderedinforgingthunderbolts.
5.HowdidtheFatesmeteouthumandestiny?
Thethreegoddesseswereassigneddistincttask:
Clothospunthe“thread”ofhumanfate,LachedispenseditandAtroposcutit.
C2
1.WhatwasZeus'usualwayofhidinghisscandals?
HeraisedacloudtohidesomeofhisdoingsthatwouldnotbearthelightandHeturnedthegirlintoananimal.
PanfellinlovewithAnymphcalledSyrinx,whowasafaithfulworshipperofArtemis.Hechased
hertothebankofriver.Withthewaternymph'shelp,Syrinxwasturnedintoreeds.Panwassosad
andhemadeaninstrumentwiththereeds,whichcalledSyrinx.Andthatisthepanpipe.
3.HowcanyouaccountforZeus'spromiscuity?
ThepromiscuityofZeusservesmorethanentertainingpurposes.Itisoutofpoliticalpurpose.Menhaveapowerfulabilitytoreproduceinordertoreproducemoreoffspring,.Formostofthepeopleintheworldflowshisblood,isoneofthemethodscanhavemorefaithfulfollows.Andthenumberofthefaithfulfollowsdecidewhetherhisregimeisfirm.
C4
1.WhatwasthedirectcauseofPrometheus'obtainingfireforman?
WhenEpimetheuscreatedman,hehadnothingleftforhim.
2.WhatattitudetowardwomenisshownthroughthestoryofPandora?
ThestoryshowstheancientGreeksthoughtwomenwereinferiorandaffiliatedtomen,andtheyweretherootevilandtrouble.
3.Whichageofmanappliestoourownage?
Pleaseelaborate.
IthinkweareintheIronAge.Peopleworkdayandnightandman'scharacterismore
complex,thoughmixedwithkindness,butmoreevil.Humanwantstoruleeverything.Peoplenolongertrusteachother.Marriedpeopledonotloveeachother.Vowsareregardedasdust.Kindnessandjusticearenolongerseenasthenormofconduct,butmerelyviolence.
4.Howisthefirstwomanoftendescribedasa"lovelyevil”?
HowdoesshecomparewithEve
intheBookofGenesis?
Pandoraisdescribedasa"lovelyevil”becauseshewasthemostbeautifulandsweetest
woman,butsheopenedboxandmademanyevilthingsfree.
BothPandoraandEvearebeauties.Theyarealsodescribedastherootoftroublestotaketheblameforthemalesociety.Buttheywerecreatedoutofdifferentpurpose.PandorawascreatedasthecostofPrometheusstealingthefireforman.Shesymbolizesagreattemptationandhumanmisery.Eveisinferiorandaffiliatedtothemanandjustlikeaslaveandshewascreatedtohelpman.
5.WhydidZeustrytowithholdfirefromhumanbeings?
Becausefireisasymbolfortechnologyandcivilization.
Abasicdistinctioninmythbetweenraw&cookedandwild&civilized.
AsarevengeforPrometheus'earliertheftofthefinestsacrificialportions.
Bywithholdingfire,Zeusmakesthedivisionofthesacrificeimpracticable.ThehumiliationofZeuspromptedhimtotaketheextrememeasureofwithholdingfirefrommankind,withoutwhichmanwouldsoonbelittlemorethananimals.
C6
1.WhatledtoBacchus'wanderings?
Bacchusinventedhowtoplantgrapesandbrewwine.Hewaswanderingaround
andspreadthiskindofknowledgetobringpeoplethejoyofdrinking.
C7
1.HowdidMidasacquirethepowerofturningeverythingtogold?
BecauseMidasrescuedBacchus'teacher,Slilenus,andtreatedhimhospitably,entertaining
himfortendaysandnightswithanunceasingroundofjollity.Inreturn,Bacchusgavehimthe
powerofturningeverythingtogold.
C8
1.WhatmadeHadesfallinlovewithPro