高考英语定语从句上.docx

高考英语定语从句上.docx

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高考英语定语从句上

学科教师辅导讲义

年级：

高三课时数：

辅导科目：

英语

课题

定语从句（上）

教学目的

熟练掌握定语从句的定义、分类、用法并能进行综合运用。

教学内容

Step1：

Greetings&Freetalk

（请老师选择学生感兴趣的话题进行口语练习）

Step2：

Assignmentschecking&Revision

I、错题重现（请老师根据学生具体情况添加）

II、重点知识回顾

Step3:

Warmingup—Acunningthief.

Onenightahotelcaughtfire，andthepeoplewhowerestayinginitranoutintheirnightclothes．

Twomenstoodoutsideandlookedatthefire．

“BeforeIcameout，”saidone，“Iranintosomeoftheroomsandfoundalotofmoney．Peopledon'tthinkofmoneywhenthey'reafraid．Whenanyoneleavespapermoneyinafire，thefireburnsit．SoItookallthebillsthatIcouldfind．NoonewillbepoorerbecauseItookthem．”

“Youdon'tknowmywork，”saidtheother．

“Whatisyourwork？

”

“I'mapoliceman．

“Oh！

”criedthefirstman．Hethoughtquicklyandsaid，“Anddoyouknowmywork？

”“No，”saidthepoliceman．

“I'mawriter．I'malwaystellingstoriesaboutthingsthatneverhappened．”

Step4：

Diagnostictest（诊断性测试）

（）1.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_______intheforest.

A.oncetheygrew                       B.theygrewonce 

C.theyoncegrew                       D.oncegrew

（）2.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:

30pm,_____manypeoplehavegonehome.

A.that                                        B.which

C.whosetime                             D.bywhichtime

（）3.Isthisthereason_______atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?

A.heexplained                            B.whatheexplained

C.howheexplained                     D.whyheexplained

（）4.Luckily,we’dbroughtaroadmapwithout______wewouldhavelostourway.

A.it                                           B.that

C.this                                        D.which

（）5.Whenhewasworkingtherehecaughtaseriousillnessfrom_____effortshestillsuffers.

A.which                                    B.that

C.whose                                    D.what

（）6.It’ssaidthathe’slookingforanewjob,one______hecangetmoremoneytosupporthisfamily.

A.when                                      B.where

C.that                                         D.which

（）7.Wearelivinginanage______manythingsaredoneoncomputer.

A.which                                      B.that

C.whose                                      D.when

（）8.Theirproblemtodayissomewhatsimilarto_____theyfacedmanyyearsago.

A.that                                          B.which

C.thatwhich                                D.it

（）9.Theoldbuilding,behind_______wasafamouschurch,was_______weusedtowork.

A.that,theplace                           B.it,theplace

C.which,where                           D.what,where

（）10.Wewillbeshownaroundthecity:

schools,museums,andsomeotherplaces,_______othervisitorsseldomgo.

A.what                                        B.which

C.where                                      D.when

（）11.ThemodernhistoryofItalydatesfrom1860,______thecountrybecameunited.

A.when                                       B.if

C.since                                        D.until

（）12Whentheywentintotheshopandaskedtolookattheengagementrings,thegirlbroughtoutacheaperone,_______shehadarrangedwithJames.

A.thewhichwaswhat                   B.whatwasthat

C.whichwaswhat                        D.thatwasthat

（）13.Youcouldseetherunnersverywellfrom______westood.

A.which                                       B.where

C.that                                          D.when

（）14.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,_______wasveryreasonable.

A.whichprice                               B.thepriceofwhich

C.itsprice                                    D.thepriceofwhose

（）15.Whathaveyougot_____willhelpacold?

A.what                                        B.that

C.it                                             D.who

（）16.HewasveryangryandIcanstillremembertheway_____hespoketome.

A.how                                         B.that

C.what                                        D.which

（）17.Doyouknowthemanfrom________housethepictureswerestolen?

A.which                                      B.that

C.what                                        D.whose

（）18.Icanthinkofmanycases_______studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn’twriteagoodessay.

A.why                                         B.which

C.as                                            D.where

（）19.Isthisallthatyouneed?

Ifyoumarriedme,I’dgiveyoueverythingyou_____.

A.want                                        B.wanted

C.hadwanted                               D.arewanting

（）20.Imettheteacherinthestreetyesterday________taughtmeEnglishthreeyearsago.

A.which                                      B.when

C.where                                      D.who

Step5：

Grammarfocus--AttributiveClauses

一、概念：

修饰某一名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句（AttributiveClause）

Theman（wholivesnexttous）sellsvegetable.

Youmustdoeverything（thatIcando）.

二、要点：

跟定语从句相关的最关键的最两个词：

①先行词：

被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

②关系词：

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系代词：

who/whom（指代人）,which（指代物），that（指代人/物），as,whose等

关系词的分类:

关系副词：

when（指代时间），where（指代地点），why（指代原因）

1.引导定语从句

关系词的功能:

2.代替先行词

3.在定语从句中担当一个句法成分

三、基础知识学习：

I.关系代词that,which,who（whom）引导的定语从句

1.指人的关系代词:

who/whom/that

先行词在从句中作主语：

Adoctorisapersonwho/thatlooksafterpeople’shealth.

先行词在从句中作宾语：

MrWhiteinvitedmanyfriendstohisparty（who/whom/that）herespectedmuch.

关系代词前有介词：

Nancyistherightpersononwhomyoucandepend.

2.指物的关系代词:

which/that

先行词在从句中作主语：

Theriverwhich/thatrunsthroughthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.

先行词在从句中作宾语：

Thebook（which/that）youjustlaidontheshelfismine.

关系代词前有介词：

HereisthemoneywithwhichIwillbuyapiano.

总结：

⑴关系代词中在从句中充当主语的是which、that、who且在句中不可以省略。

⑵关系代词中在从句中充当宾语的是which、that、who、whom且可以省略。

⑶当关系代词前有介词时，指人只能用whom，指物只能用which。

⑷which只能指物，who\whom只能指人，that既可指人又可指物。

3.表示所有格：

whose（既表示人的所有也表示物的所有）

表示人的所有：

Thegirlwhosefatherisamodelworkerisourmonitor.

表示物的所有：

I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.

★the+名词+of+whom（which）的结构=whose+名词，下面三句意思相同，例如：

1.Theriverwhosebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.

2.Theriverofwhichthebanksarecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.

3.Theriverthebanksofwhicharecoveredwithtreesflowstothesea.

1）Therearetwentystudents,whosebackgroundsaredifferent.

2）Therearetwentystudents,thebackgroundsofwhomaredifferent.

3）Therearetwentystudents,ofwhomthebackgroundsaredifferent.

活学活用：

Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillberepairedsoon.

________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________

4.as作关系代词的用法

as引导的定语从句常出现于thesame…as…,such…as…,as…as…和so…as…结构中。

当定语从句的先行词被thesame，such，as或so修饰时，关系代词可选as，且不能省略。

Let’smeetatthesameplaceaswedidyesterday.

注意：

★thesame…as…vsthesame…that…

指代相似的人或物指同一人或物

ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.Wheredidyoubuyit?

ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.Pleasereturnittome.

★such…as…vssuch…that…

Itissuchadifficultproblemasnoonecanworkout.

Itissuchadifficultproblemthatnoonecanworkitout.

区别:

as引导定语从句，指代的先行词在从句中充当成分，翻译成“像…那样”.

that引导状语从句，只起连接作用，翻译成“如此…以至于…”.

★as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句整句话的内容，

区别：

which不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”

as可以放在句首，翻译成“正如…”谓语动词经常为know,see,suggest,turnout

Asisknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.

Aswasexpectedbeforehand,theconcertwasverysuccessful.

Bambooishollow,whichmakesitveryhigh.

记住下列表格

关系代词

指人

指物

主格

who、that、

that、which、

宾格

whom、who、that、

that、which、

所有格

ofwhom、whose

ofwhich、whose、

II.关系副词wherewhenwhy引导的定语从句

Doyouremembertheteahousewhereweusedtoplaychess?

（where=atwhich）

Therewasatimewhentherewasnoradio,TVorcinema.（when=duringwhich）

Thedaysaregonewhenhewasanignorantboy.（when=inwhich）

Theydidn’texplainthereasonwhytheyhadcanceledtherehearsal.（why=forwhich）

（定语从句中关系副词可以换成介词+关系代词）

注意：

有些先行词后面既可以用关系代词，也可以用关系副词。

判断的重点在于分析先行词在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。

以thecity为例

（1）Thisisthecitythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.

分析：

主句：

Thisisthecity.从句：

Ivisitedthecitylastyear.visit：

vt.，thecity充当的成分：

宾语

（2）ThisisthecitywhereIlivedlastyear.

分析：

主句：

Thisisthecity.从句：

Ilivedinthecitylastyear.live：

vi.，thecity充当的成分：

状语，表地点。

活学活用一：

用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空

1）Thehouse____________liesinthebackofourclassroomistheteachers’office.

2）Thehouse___________doorfacesnorthisourteachers’office.

3）Ialwaysrememberthedays__________aremyfamily’sbirthday.

4）Ialwaysrememberthedays__________Ilivedwithmygrandparents.

5）Xiamen____________liesinthesoutheastofChinaisabeautifulcity.

6）Xiamen____________weliveinisabeautifulcity.

7）Xiamen_____________manyforeignerscometovisitisabeautifulcity.

8）Thisisthereason______________causedmelateforschooltoday.

9）Iquiteagreewiththereason_____________youtoldme.

10）Idon’tbelievethereason____________youwerelatethismorning.

四、考点梳理

I.关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的情况：

1）当先行词被为不定代词。

如：

Thereisnothing（that）Icansayaboutit.

2）先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

如：

ThisisthebestbasketballmatchthatIhaveeverseen.

3）先行词被theonly或thevery修饰时。

如：

Theonlythingthatwecandoistoaskourteachers’help.

Isthistheverymuseumthatyouvisitedtheotherday?

4）先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。

如：

ThefirstEnglishfilmthatIsawwas“OliverTwist”.