非谓语动词.docx
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非谓语动词
Iamexcitedtoattendthebanquet.与谓语动词同时发生或在它之后
Iamexcitedtohaveattendedthebanquet.
先于谓语动词发生
Iamexcitedhavingattended…
Havingattendedthebanquet,hefeltsatisfied.
ThecarbeingrepairedisaBenz.
ThecartoberepairedisaFerrari.
ThecarrepairedyesterdayisQQ.
TheboycalledTomisamonitor.
Havingbeendone先于谓语动词
主要用作状语
Havingbeenbeatenbythelittlekid,hecommittedsuicide.时间状语
Afterhehadbeenbeaten…,he…
Tohavebeendone先于谓语动词
Iamverygladtohavebeenbeaten.原因状语
Heissaidtohavebeenbeatenbyalittlegirl.
1.谓语动词的条件:
一个主语有并列的谓语动词的条件是有并列连词:
and,but,so,or…
破折号,分号都相当于并列连词,并列连词前后的结构是一样的。
Before,unless,if,though,when,while…从属连词,从属连词后的结构可以和前面的结构不同。
前面是句子,从属连词后加短语(用非谓语)或句子(用谓语,而且必须有主语)。
WhenIpassedthestore(句子(用谓语,而且必须有主语)),IsawLadyGagawavinghandstome.(复合句)
(When)passingthestore(短语(用非谓语)),IsawLadyGagawavinghandstome.(简单句)
什么是谓语?
什么是非谓语?
谓语:
一般现在时:
do,does,am,is,are
语态:
is/am/aredone
一般过去时:
did,was,were
语态:
was/weredone
现在完成时:
have/has(been)done
过去完成时:
haddone(been)done
进行时:
is/am/are/was/weredoing
语态:
is/am/are/was/werebeingdone
Thehouseisbeingrepaired.
Thehouse(whichIS)beingrepairedismynewschool.
表示被动:
done,beingbroken,tobebroken,tohavebeenbroken,havingbeenbroken,wasbroken,werebroken,havebeenbroken,hadbeenbroken,hasbeenbroken
Ihaveacar(whichwas)boughtin2000.
Tomcaughtthethiefwhostole/stealingthecarboughtlastyear.
逻辑主语:
就是为了判断主被动
和该动词关系最为密切的名词或代词。
主要是主被动关系。
1.非谓语作定语,逻辑主语就是前面的名词1234
Pricesofdailygoodsbought…
2.非谓语作状语(状语和句子之间往往带有逗号,伴随状语有时会省略),逻辑主语就是句子的主语。
56789
Taken30to60misbefore…,themedicine…
特殊情况:
在状语部分的动词前面出现了一个名词(和句子主语不同了),此时,这个名词就是动词的逻辑主语。
11(及物动词后无宾语,一定是被动形式。
)13(及物动词后有宾语一定是主动形式。
)
3.非谓语作补语,逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语。
1012
Youhaditexplainedmanytimes
主动表被动:
1.Beworth(prep.)doing
Themovieisworthseeing.
Beworthy(adj.)tobedone
Beworthyofbeingdone
Themovieisworthytobeseen.Themovieisworthyofbeingseen.
2.need/want/requiredoing=need/want/requiretobedone
Theroomneedscleaning.
3.betoblame
Yourhusbandistoblameforthespoiledchild.
4.sb./sth.+be+adj.(hard,easy,comfortable,difficult)+todo
Thechairiscomfortabletositon.
Hetriedhisbesttomaketheproblemeasiertodealwith.
Todo/doing
不定式的动作执行者出现在它的前面时候,不定式前面不能有逗号
Todo/doing
Findsb.Doing/dosth.
Sb.Befounddoing/todosth.
Ask/want/tell/order/advise/ordersb.todosth.
Sb.beorderedtodo
It’snouse/nogooddoing
It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.
只能加doing的词:
一类就是vt.:
Enjoy,finish,suggest,advise,avoid,escape,allow,permit,practice,excuse,pardon,fancy,consider,admit,include,stand,delay,appreciate,can’thelp,dosome/alotof,
二类就是prep结尾的短语:
lookforwardto,stickto,leadto,cometo,beusedto,beaccustomedto,objectto,getdownto,insiston,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,putupwith,
Advise/suggest/consider/allow/permitdoing
Advise/suggest/consider/allow/permitsb.todo
Sb.beadvised/suggested/considered/allowed/permittedtodo
只能加todo的动词
Hope,wish,plan,intend,desire,expect,ask,hesitate,decide,determine,refuse,pretend,choose,afford,offer,manage,
可以加todo和doing的,而且意义接近
Begin,start,like,hate,prefer,continue,
Ibegantodo/doinghomeworkat5.
doing往往表示习惯性的,抽象的行为
todo表示一次性的,具体的行为
Iliketalkingwithworkers.
IliketotalkwithMaryaboutthisproblem.
IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswimnow.
可以加todo和doing的,而且意义完全不同
Stop,remember,forget,regret(regrettodo(say/tell/inform)对要做的事感到抱歉或遗憾IregrettoinformyouthatIdecidetodumpyou.),try,mean,
Need/want/requiredoing=needtobedone
It’snouse/nogooddoing
Usedtodo
Be/getusedtodoing
Beusedtodo
Iusedtogetupat5.ButnowIamusedtogettingupat4.Andthe1hourisusedtomemorizeEnglishwords.
Prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoing阻止/防止…。
。
。
注意:
keep后面的from不可省略。
Keepsb./sth.Doing使…持续的…
Weshouldkeepchildrenfrommakingmistakes.
…
Weshouldkeepchildrenmakingmistakes.
Todo/tohavedone
Sb./sth.Bebelieved/said/reportedtodo/tohavedone据说、报道、认为…….
Iamexcitedtohavebeengiven100,000yuan.
表示感情色彩的doing,done(surprise,confuse,excite,interest,tire,amaze,astonish,)
Doing往往表示“令人…”,所以修饰的往往都是事物
Done往往表示“人自身的感受”,所以修饰的都是人。
Iamexcitedtowatchthisexcitinggame.
Theconfused(confuse)look/expression/voiceonherfacesuggestedthatshedidn’tunderstandmeatall.
Theconfusinglookonherfacemadeusannoyed.
Make
Makesb.do
Makesb.done
Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheardbyothers.
难点:
1.带有从句
a.定语从句:
把定语从句中的宾语提前换成that/which/who/whom或者省略。
造成了一种情况就是谓语动词后又出现了一个动词形式。
做法就是把宾语还原至谓语后面,就看清了关系。
Ihaveaplan.Iwanttocarryouttheplansoon.
Ihaveaplan(that)Iwanttocarryoutsoon.
IhaveaplanthatI’dliketoseecarriedout.
Seesb.do
Seesb.doing
Seesb.done
ThereisnothingthatIcantrytopersuadeyoutostay.
Youcanneverimaginewhatdifficultywehadwalkinghome.
Havedifficulty(in)doing
YoucanneverimaginehowhandsomeWYPis.
Thecountrylifethathewasusedtohaschangedgreatly
Thetheory(which/that)hestucktoproved(prove)reasonable.
Prove(证明),turnout(结果竟然)
Theexperimentturnedout(tobe)asuccess.
Giventhechoicetheyeatonlyonetypeoffood.
Given/consideringprep.+doing考虑到
Takingsth.Intoconsideration考虑到
Witheverythingtakenintoconsideration,
Talkingof/talkingabout说起…
Judgingfrom/by根据…判断
Generally/frankly/honestly/strictlyspeaking
…来说
DevoteAtoB(n.pron.doing)
Hedevotedhislifetorebuildingthedisaster–strickenarea
Hedevotedhistimeandenergytoplantingtrees.
SpokenEnglish
English-speakingcountry
Ican’thelp(to)cleantheroom,becauseIambusywithmywork.
It’simportanttodosth.
Todosth.isimportant
Beimportanttosth./doingsth.
Finishingyourworkontimeisimportanttoyou/improvingyourscores
have
1.有
Ihavealotofworktodo.
2.使
Havesth.done
a.使得…被…(动作的执行者不是句子的主语)
Ihadmyhaircutinthebarbershop.
YesterdayIhadmylegsbrokeninthematch.
b.表示某人的遭遇
2.havesb.do
让某人做某事(一次性的)
Hehadmecleantheroom.
3.havesb./sth.doing
让某人持续干某事Theworkerhadthemachinerunningallthetime.
Ihavealotoffriendstohelp(help)me,butIneverhavethemhelp(help)me.
Runoutvi.
Runoutofvt.
Ourgasisrunningout.
Wearerunningoutofourgas.
Befacedwith
Bedressedin
Belocatedfor/at/in
Befloodedwith
Becrowdedwith
Belostin
Beabsorbedin
Bedeterminedtodo