非谓语动词.docx

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非谓语动词.docx

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非谓语动词.docx

非谓语动词

Iamexcitedtoattendthebanquet.与谓语动词同时发生或在它之后

Iamexcitedtohaveattendedthebanquet.

先于谓语动词发生

Iamexcitedhavingattended…

Havingattendedthebanquet,hefeltsatisfied.

ThecarbeingrepairedisaBenz.

ThecartoberepairedisaFerrari.

ThecarrepairedyesterdayisQQ.

TheboycalledTomisamonitor.

Havingbeendone先于谓语动词

主要用作状语

Havingbeenbeatenbythelittlekid,hecommittedsuicide.时间状语

Afterhehadbeenbeaten…,he…

Tohavebeendone先于谓语动词

Iamverygladtohavebeenbeaten.原因状语

Heissaidtohavebeenbeatenbyalittlegirl.

 

1.谓语动词的条件:

一个主语有并列的谓语动词的条件是有并列连词:

and,but,so,or…

破折号,分号都相当于并列连词,并列连词前后的结构是一样的。

Before,unless,if,though,when,while…从属连词,从属连词后的结构可以和前面的结构不同。

前面是句子,从属连词后加短语(用非谓语)或句子(用谓语,而且必须有主语)。

WhenIpassedthestore(句子(用谓语,而且必须有主语)),IsawLadyGagawavinghandstome.(复合句)

(When)passingthestore(短语(用非谓语)),IsawLadyGagawavinghandstome.(简单句)

什么是谓语?

什么是非谓语?

谓语:

一般现在时:

do,does,am,is,are

语态:

is/am/aredone

一般过去时:

did,was,were

语态:

was/weredone

现在完成时:

have/has(been)done

过去完成时:

haddone(been)done

进行时:

is/am/are/was/weredoing

语态:

is/am/are/was/werebeingdone

Thehouseisbeingrepaired.

Thehouse(whichIS)beingrepairedismynewschool.

表示被动:

done,beingbroken,tobebroken,tohavebeenbroken,havingbeenbroken,wasbroken,werebroken,havebeenbroken,hadbeenbroken,hasbeenbroken

Ihaveacar(whichwas)boughtin2000.

Tomcaughtthethiefwhostole/stealingthecarboughtlastyear.

 

逻辑主语:

就是为了判断主被动

和该动词关系最为密切的名词或代词。

主要是主被动关系。

1.非谓语作定语,逻辑主语就是前面的名词1234

Pricesofdailygoodsbought…

2.非谓语作状语(状语和句子之间往往带有逗号,伴随状语有时会省略),逻辑主语就是句子的主语。

56789

Taken30to60misbefore…,themedicine…

特殊情况:

在状语部分的动词前面出现了一个名词(和句子主语不同了),此时,这个名词就是动词的逻辑主语。

11(及物动词后无宾语,一定是被动形式。

)13(及物动词后有宾语一定是主动形式。

3.非谓语作补语,逻辑主语就是它前面的宾语。

1012

Youhaditexplainedmanytimes

主动表被动:

1.Beworth(prep.)doing

Themovieisworthseeing.

Beworthy(adj.)tobedone

Beworthyofbeingdone

Themovieisworthytobeseen.Themovieisworthyofbeingseen.

2.need/want/requiredoing=need/want/requiretobedone

Theroomneedscleaning.

3.betoblame

Yourhusbandistoblameforthespoiledchild.

4.sb./sth.+be+adj.(hard,easy,comfortable,difficult)+todo

Thechairiscomfortabletositon.

Hetriedhisbesttomaketheproblemeasiertodealwith.

Todo/doing

不定式的动作执行者出现在它的前面时候,不定式前面不能有逗号

Todo/doing

Findsb.Doing/dosth.

Sb.Befounddoing/todosth.

Ask/want/tell/order/advise/ordersb.todosth.

Sb.beorderedtodo

It’snouse/nogooddoing

It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.

只能加doing的词:

一类就是vt.:

Enjoy,finish,suggest,advise,avoid,escape,allow,permit,practice,excuse,pardon,fancy,consider,admit,include,stand,delay,appreciate,can’thelp,dosome/alotof,

二类就是prep结尾的短语:

lookforwardto,stickto,leadto,cometo,beusedto,beaccustomedto,objectto,getdownto,insiston,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing,haveahardtime(in)doing,putupwith,

Advise/suggest/consider/allow/permitdoing

Advise/suggest/consider/allow/permitsb.todo

Sb.beadvised/suggested/considered/allowed/permittedtodo

只能加todo的动词

Hope,wish,plan,intend,desire,expect,ask,hesitate,decide,determine,refuse,pretend,choose,afford,offer,manage,

可以加todo和doing的,而且意义接近

Begin,start,like,hate,prefer,continue,

Ibegantodo/doinghomeworkat5.

doing往往表示习惯性的,抽象的行为

todo表示一次性的,具体的行为

Iliketalkingwithworkers.

IliketotalkwithMaryaboutthisproblem.

IlikeswimmingbutIdon’tliketoswimnow.

可以加todo和doing的,而且意义完全不同

Stop,remember,forget,regret(regrettodo(say/tell/inform)对要做的事感到抱歉或遗憾IregrettoinformyouthatIdecidetodumpyou.),try,mean,

Need/want/requiredoing=needtobedone

It’snouse/nogooddoing

Usedtodo

Be/getusedtodoing

Beusedtodo

Iusedtogetupat5.ButnowIamusedtogettingupat4.Andthe1hourisusedtomemorizeEnglishwords.

Prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoing阻止/防止…。

注意:

keep后面的from不可省略。

Keepsb./sth.Doing使…持续的…

Weshouldkeepchildrenfrommakingmistakes.

Weshouldkeepchildrenmakingmistakes.

Todo/tohavedone

Sb./sth.Bebelieved/said/reportedtodo/tohavedone据说、报道、认为…….

Iamexcitedtohavebeengiven100,000yuan.

表示感情色彩的doing,done(surprise,confuse,excite,interest,tire,amaze,astonish,)

Doing往往表示“令人…”,所以修饰的往往都是事物

Done往往表示“人自身的感受”,所以修饰的都是人。

Iamexcitedtowatchthisexcitinggame.

Theconfused(confuse)look/expression/voiceonherfacesuggestedthatshedidn’tunderstandmeatall.

Theconfusinglookonherfacemadeusannoyed.

Make

Makesb.do

Makesb.done

Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheardbyothers.

难点:

1.带有从句

a.定语从句:

把定语从句中的宾语提前换成that/which/who/whom或者省略。

造成了一种情况就是谓语动词后又出现了一个动词形式。

做法就是把宾语还原至谓语后面,就看清了关系。

Ihaveaplan.Iwanttocarryouttheplansoon.

Ihaveaplan(that)Iwanttocarryoutsoon.

IhaveaplanthatI’dliketoseecarriedout.

Seesb.do

Seesb.doing

Seesb.done

ThereisnothingthatIcantrytopersuadeyoutostay.

Youcanneverimaginewhatdifficultywehadwalkinghome.

Havedifficulty(in)doing

YoucanneverimaginehowhandsomeWYPis.

Thecountrylifethathewasusedtohaschangedgreatly

Thetheory(which/that)hestucktoproved(prove)reasonable.

Prove(证明),turnout(结果竟然)

Theexperimentturnedout(tobe)asuccess.

Giventhechoicetheyeatonlyonetypeoffood.

Given/consideringprep.+doing考虑到

Takingsth.Intoconsideration考虑到

Witheverythingtakenintoconsideration,

Talkingof/talkingabout说起…

Judgingfrom/by根据…判断

Generally/frankly/honestly/strictlyspeaking

…来说

DevoteAtoB(n.pron.doing)

Hedevotedhislifetorebuildingthedisaster–strickenarea

Hedevotedhistimeandenergytoplantingtrees.

 

SpokenEnglish

English-speakingcountry

Ican’thelp(to)cleantheroom,becauseIambusywithmywork.

It’simportanttodosth.

Todosth.isimportant

Beimportanttosth./doingsth.

Finishingyourworkontimeisimportanttoyou/improvingyourscores

have

1.有

Ihavealotofworktodo.

2.使

Havesth.done

a.使得…被…(动作的执行者不是句子的主语)

Ihadmyhaircutinthebarbershop.

YesterdayIhadmylegsbrokeninthematch.

b.表示某人的遭遇

2.havesb.do

让某人做某事(一次性的)

Hehadmecleantheroom.

3.havesb./sth.doing

让某人持续干某事Theworkerhadthemachinerunningallthetime.

Ihavealotoffriendstohelp(help)me,butIneverhavethemhelp(help)me.

Runoutvi.

Runoutofvt.

Ourgasisrunningout.

Wearerunningoutofourgas.

 

Befacedwith

Bedressedin

Belocatedfor/at/in

Befloodedwith

Becrowdedwith

Belostin

Beabsorbedin

Bedeterminedtodo

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