浙江高考英语二轮全程练习第三部分阅读理解技法与文体演练课时19阅读理解文体技法2说明文.docx
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浙江高考英语二轮全程练习第三部分阅读理解技法与文体演练课时19阅读理解文体技法2说明文
阅读理解文体技法
(2)——说明文
Ⅰ.阅读理解文体技法演练
【精要提示】 说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、阐明事理,给人以知识的文体。
它通过对实体事物(如仪器、产品、自然环境)的解说,或对抽象事理(如概念、原理、定律)的阐释,使人们对事物的形态、特征、构造、性能、种类、成因、功能等有所了解,或对事理的特点、来源、演变、异同等有所认识,从而获得有关的知识。
说明文实用性很强,它包括广告、说明书、内容提要、规则章程、解说词等。
阅读说明文的关键是:
抓住说明对象的本质特征。
阅读时须注意:
(1)注意说明的顺序,了解文章的结构,把握文章的脉络。
(2)在阅读过程中画出长难句的主干成分(主谓宾)、标出关键词,有的可边看边画草图或结构、流程图。
【高考经典练】
(2015·浙江卷,C)Ifhumansweretrulyathomeunderthelightofthemoonandstars,wewouldgoindarknesshappily,themidnightworldasvisibletousasitistothevastnumberofnocturnal(夜间活动的)speciesonthisplanet.Instead,wearediurnalcreatures,witheyesadaptedtolivinginthesun'slight.Thisisabasicevolutionaryfact,eventhoughmostofusdon'tthinkofourselvesasdiurnalbeings.Yetit'stheonlywaytoexplainwhatwe'vedonetothenight:
We'veengineeredittoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.
Thebenefitsofthiskindofengineeringcomewithconsequences—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign,whichallowsartificiallighttoshineoutwardandupwardintothesky.Ill-designedlightingwashesoutthedarknessofnightandcompletelychangesthelightlevels—andlightrhythms—towhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,haveadapted.Whereverhumanlightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectoflifeisaffected.
Inmostcitiestheskylooksasthoughithasbeenemptiedofstars,leavingbehindavacanthaze(霾)thatmirrorsourfearofthedark.We'vegrownsousedtothisorangehazethattheoriginalgloryofanunlitnight—darkenoughfortheplanetVenustothrowshadowsonEarth—iswhollybeyondourexperience,beyondmemoryalmost.
We'velitupthenightasifitwereanunoccupiedcountry,whennothingcouldbefurtherfromthetruth.Amongmammalsalone,thenumberofnocturnalspeciesisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnet(磁铁).Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing“captured”bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms.Migratingatnight,birdstendtocollidewithbrightlylittallbuildings.
Frogslivingnearbrightlylithighwayssuffernocturnallightlevelsthatareasmuchasamilliontimesbrighterthannormal,throwingnearlyeveryaspectoftheirbehavioroutofjoint,includingtheirnighttimebreedingchoruses.Humansarenolesstrappedbylightpollutionthanthefrogs.Likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.Darknessisasessentialtoourbiologicalwelfare,toourinternalclockwork,aslightitself.
Livinginaglareofourownmaking,wehavecutourselvesofffromourevolutionaryandculturalheritage—thelightofthestarsandtherhythmsofdayandnight.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeingwhichisbestmeasuredagainstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.
1.Accordingtothepassage,humanbeings________.
A.prefertoliveinthedarkness
B.areusedtolivinginthedaylight
C.werecuriousaboutthemidnightworld
D.hadtostayathomewiththelightofthemoon
2.Whatdoes“it”(Paragraph1)mostprobablyreferto?
A.Thenight.B.Themoon.
C.Thesky.D.Theplanet.
3.Thewritermentionsbirdsandfrogsto________.
A.provideexamplesofanimalprotection
B.showhowlightpollutionaffectsanimals
C.comparethelivinghabitsofbothspecies
D.explainwhythenumberofcertainspecieshasdeclined
4.Itisimpliedinthelastparagraphthat________.
A.lightpollutiondoesharmtotheeyesightofanimals
B.lightpollutionhasdestroyedsomeoftheworldheritages
C.humanbeingscannotgototheouterspace
D.humanbeingsshouldreflectontheirpositionintheuniverse
5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheMagicLight.
B.TheOrangeHaze.
C.TheDisappearingNight.
D.TheRhythmsofNature.
Ⅱ.能力提升练
A
(2015·浙江省四校高三仿真模拟)PresidentXiJinpinghassaidthatrealizingthegreatrenewalofthenationisalong-cherisheddreamofChineseinmoderntimes.Now,anewbook,TheChineseDream,launchedbyNewWorldPress,willexplainthedreamindetail.
Thebook,publishedinChinesewithanEnglisheditioncomingsoon,aimstoexplorewhattheChineseDreammeansforChinaandtherestoftheworld.
Thebookoffersvividanddynamicfirst-personaccountsasexplanationsofthemeaningoftheChineseDream.
InspiringpeopledescribedinthebookincludesuccessfulbusinessfiguressuchasParkKeuntae,presidentandCEOofSouthKorea-basedCJGroup'soperationsinChina,andordinarypeoplesuchasDominicJohnson-Hill,ayoungmanfromLondonknownas“LaoJiang”whorunsasmallshopinBeijing'sNanluoguHutong.
“HavinglivedinChinafor29years,I'vewitnessedthegreatachievementsofChina'sreformandopening-up.I'vebenefitedalotfromit,”saidParkatthebooklaunch.
CJGroupemploys12,000peopleinChina,withasalesvolumeofDS|3.27billion.“MyChineseDreamistomakethenumberofCJ'sChineseemployeesover100,000andthetotalsalesvolumeoverthatoftheKoreanheadquarters,”Parksaid.
TonyLund,Asia-PacificandAsiaBranchdirectorforCambridgeUniversityPress,saidatthebooklaunchthatthebookisapreciousandtimelyresourceforreaderswhowishtogainadeeperunderstandingofmodernChinesesocietyandpeoplewhoaregoingtoprepareforanewperiodofglobalcooperation.“TheChineseDreamissubtlydifferentfromtheAmericanDream.Inbothcases,thedreamisaboutthestrongdesireofprosperity(繁荣)fortheircitizens,buttheChineseDreamalsosuggestsavisionforChina'splaceinanincreasinglyinternationalizedworld,”Lundsaid.“TheChineseDreamdescribescountlesspossibilitiesforsharedgrowthandsharedprosperity,onbothnationalandinternationallevels.”
1.Theunderlinedword“launched”inParagraph1probablymeans________.
A.cameoutB.sentup
C.lookedthroughD.madeup
2.WhatcanweknowaboutParkaccordingtothetext?
A.Heissuccessfulinbusiness.
B.HeownsasmallshopinBeijing.
C.HeisadirectorforCambridgeUniversityPress.
D.HehaslivedinChinaformorethan30years.
3.Theauthorlistedexamplesinordertoexplain________.
A.specificcontentsoftheChineseDream
B.theopinionsofdifferentpeopleontheChineseDream
C.foreigners'benefitsfromtheChineseDream
D.theChineseDreambetterwithspecificfacts
4.WhatdoestheChineseDreamdifferfromtheAmericanDream?
A.TheChineseDreamistocreatemorebenefitsfortheChinesepeople.
B.TheChineseDreamistobetterunderstandthemodernsociety.
C.TheChineseDreamistosharetheprosperitywiththeworld.
D.TheChineseDreamistomakeabetterlifefortheChinesepeople.
B
OnNewYear'sDay,peopleallovertheworldmarkedthepassingof2012withcandiesandfireworks.ButJanuary1,2013,wasalsocelebratedforbeingthe150thanniversaryoftheEmancipationProclamation(《解放宣言》).Thisorder,issuedbyPresidentAbrahamLincoln,settheUnitedStatesonapathtowardendingslavery.
LincolnsignedtheexecutiveorderonJanuary1,1863,whenAmericabrokeupintotwopartsovertheissueaboutwhetherornottoendslavery.AtthetimeofLincoln'sorder,thetwosides,calledtheUnionandtheConfederacy,werelockedintheviolentstruggleoftheCivilWar.Acivilwaroccuredwhengroupsfromthesamecountryfightedeachother.America'sCivilWarwasthedeadliestconflictthatthecountryhadeverfaced.
TheEmancipationProclamationformallydeclaredallslavesintheConfederacy“foreverfree”.Atthetime,LincolnhadverylittlepowertoexecutetheorderintheConfederatestates.Those11SouthernstateshadalreadysecededfromtheUnion.Thedocument'srealpowerwasunworkable,asitchangedthenation'sofficialstandonslavery.
AftertheUnionwonthewarin1865,thestateswerereunited,andtheCongresspassedthe13thAmendment(修正案)totheConstitution.Theamendmentwasthenapprovedbythestates.Itfullyendedslaverythroughoutthecountry.
TheU.S.PostalServicecelebratedtheanniversarybycreatingaspecialstampthatquotedtheProclamation.“StampsoftenmakeuseofourcultureandhelpusremembertheeventsandpeoplewhohavehadanimpactonAmericanhistory,”saidDeputyPostmasterGeneralRonaldA.Stroman,fromtheU.S.PostalService.
Thisweek,communitiesacrossthenationhonoredtheEmancipationProclamationwithspecialservicesinchurchesandhistoricalfilms.PriestClementaPinckneyledachurchservice,knownasWatchNight,tocelebratetheanniversaryatachurchinCharleston,SouthCarolina.ManyAfrican-Americanchurchesaroundthecountryheldsimilarservices.“It'snotjustanAfrican-Americancelebration;it'sanAmericancelebration,”Pinckneytoldthecrowd.“It'sfreedomwhichcomesfullcircle.”
5.WhywasAmericadividedintotwopartsin1863?
A.ItwascausedbyAmerica'sCivilWar.
B.Thereweredisagreementsovertheslavery.
C.AbrahamLincolnwaselectedasPresident.
D.TheUnionmeanttobreakawayfromAmerica.
6.Accordingtothepassage,theConfederacy________.
A.wasforLincoln'sorder
B.hadahistoryof150years
C.wantedtochangeslavery
D.hatedPresidentLincoln
7.WhendidslaveryendinAmerica?
A.In1861.B.In1863.
C.In1865.D.In1870.
8.Whywasaspecialstampissued?
A.Tocelebratetheanniversaryoftheorder.
B.TocelebratetheanniversaryofLincoln.
C.TocelebratethehistoryofAmerica.
D.TocelebratethefestivalofAfrican-American.
9.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?
A.TherearemanycelebrationsheldbyAmericans.
B.AlltheAmericansheldthesameservicestocelebratetheanniversary.
C.Westilldon'tenjoyfreedomnowadays.