高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习试题.docx

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高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习试题.docx

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高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习试题.docx

高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习试题

高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习

A:

can/could=beableto

1表示能力两种时态can(could),其他时态要用beableto的形式

HecanspeakFrench.

Was/wereableto可以表示成功做成某事的含义*managedtodo/succeededindoing

Withourhelp,hewasabletobuildthehouse. 

2表示请求或许可Could比Can更加客气*may

CanIgonow?

Yes,youcan.

3表示推测或可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句

Canhebeatschool?

TodayisSunday.Hecan'tbeatschool. 

Can’tcouldn’t/Can?

Could?

havedone

Thereisnolightintheroom.Canshehavegonetobed?

Shecan’thavegonetoschool-----it’sSunday.

Couldhavedone可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性*mayhavedone

Shecouldhavegoneoutwithsomefriendsyesterday.

Couldhavedone可以表示虚拟语气

某事可能发生(并没有发生)

ItwassillytothrowtheTVoutofthewindow.Itcouldhavehitsomebody.

批评某人没有完成某事(本可以做某事)

Youarelateagain.Youcouldhavegotupearlier.

4can表示客观上的可能性*

Anybodycanmakemistakes.

B:

mayandmight

1表示请求和允许类似用法cancould(更加口语化)

MayIwatchTVnow?

 Yes,youmay.

2表示可能性;猜测might比may更加不确定may/mighthavedone对过去的揣测*

Hemaybebusythesedays.

Maynot可能不;不可能;一定不可

3表示祝愿 Wishyousuccess!

Mayyousucceed!

*

C:

mustandhaveto

1表示必须;一定要可以用haveto代替

must现在;将来的必须而且是主观看法*

haveto有多种时态而且强调客观情况

Ireallymuststopsmokingnow.

IhadtoleaveearlybecauseIwasn’tfeelingwell.

MustIcomehere?

Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.needn’t/don’thaveto mustnot一定不能做某事mustn’t

2must表示推测意思非常肯定“一定是”“一定会”

Itmustberainingoutside.

Musthavedone对过去/完成的推测* musthavedone,didn’t/hasn’t

Mustbedoing推测现在正在进行

Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?

Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?

D:

needanddare过去时dared

情态动词和实意动词的区别

A人称变化Bdo/todo C直接否定/间接否定  can work

Need/dare肯定句中,实义动词

Sheneedstodoit.Idaretodoit.

使用在否定句,疑问句中,情态动词,实义动词。

Idarenotdoit.    Idon’tdare(to)doit.

Ineednotdoit.    Idon’tneedtodoit.

1need情态动词无时态;人称的变化多用于疑问句和否定句

Youneedn’ttrytoexplain.

Needn’t=don’thaveto

Needn’thavedonesth过去本不必做某事* 虚拟语气

2need实义动词有时态;人称的变化后接todo  Youneedtotellusthetruth.

Thecarneedsrepairing.Thecarneedstoberepaired.

3dare情态动词过去时dared无人称的变化多用在疑问句和否定句

Darehetellthemwhatheknows?

4dare实义动词有时态;人称的变化后接todo

用于疑问句和否定句时其后的to有时可省略

Doyoudare(to)jumpoffthehighwall?

E:

willandwould

1表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿would比will更客气委婉

Willyouhavesomemorewine?

Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?

2will表示习惯性动作或某种倾向would表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向

Fishwilldieoutofwater.

WhenIwasyoung,IwouldplaybadmintononSundays.

Would与usedto的区别*

Would只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态

Usedto既可表示动作也可表示状态,强调现在不如此

Heusedtobeauniversitystudent.

3will表示意愿决心

Iwillneverdothatagain.

F:

shall,shouldandoughtto

1shall在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求用于第一,三人称

Whatshallwedonow?

2shall肯定句中表示说话人强烈的感情允许,命令,禁止和威胁*

或表示按规定,规章和义务等用于第二,三人称

Ifyoudaretodothat,youshallbepunished.

Theserulesshallbeobeyed.

Shallnot禁止,不许

3shall决心,意愿=will

IshallcomeifIwantto.

4should表示劝告,建议=oughtto应该

Youshouldwashyourhandsfirst.

Should主要表示主观看法*

Oughtto客观情况法律、规定、义务的使用

Shouldhavedone/oughttohavedonesth虚拟语气*

Shouldn’thavedone/oughtnottohavedonesth

Youshouldhavedoneittoday.

5should推测推论可能性=oughtto*估计

Theyshould/oughttobetherebynow.

6should说话人的感情。

如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然”  否定句疑问句

Youcan’timaginethatwell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady

Whyshouldhedosuchathing?

推测肯定性可能性由强到弱

must/shall*/oughtto/should/would*/could*/may/might/can理论上的可能/can?

Could?

/can’tcouldn’t

must用于表示"必定","必会":

Allmankindmustdie. (表示必然会发生的事)

所有的人一定会死的。

shall用于表示"必定":

Ishallberichoneday.(shallbe)

总有一天我发达的。

oughtto/should用于表示"想必会"(语气较must弱):

Theyshould/oughttobetherebynow.

他们想必已到那儿了。

will和would用于表示"预测"或"习惯性":

Ithinkhewillbeallrightnow.(willbe表示一定会)

我想他现在一定好了。

Could表推测

No,buttheshopcouldbeintheeastofthecity.

may和might用于表示"事实上的可能性"或"预测":

Itmaysnowlaterthisafternoon.(表示预测)

今天下午可能会下雪。

Youmightberight.(表示有可能)

你可能是对的。

Can理论上的可能

Anybodycanmakemistakes.(只表示理论上的可能性)

任何人都可能犯错误。

Can?

Could?

/can’tcouldn’t疑问否定

Hecan'tbeathome.(否定句)

他不可能在家。

Canthenewsbetrue?

(将情态动词can置于主语thenews前就成疑问句)

这消息可能是真的吗?

情态动词bedoing

情态动词havedone

must/could/may/might/Can;could?

havedone/can’t;couldn’thavedone

请求和允许 

CancouldI;he/maymightI;he/willwouldyou/shallshouldoughttoI;he?

/MustI?

不同类型语气分析

CanIgowithyou?

(请求)

我能跟你一起走吗?

CouldIaskyousomething?

(请求,用could比can更婉转)

我可以问你一件事吗?

MayImakeasuggestion?

我可以提个建议吗?

MightItakealookofyourwork?

我看看您的大作行吗?

Willyoukindlytellmethewaytothepostoffice?

 (表示客气请求)

请问到邮局怎么走?

Wouldyougivemeyouraddress?

(用would比will表示更客气)

请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?

Shallwetalk?

我们谈谈好吗?

Whatshouldwedonext?

(用should比shall表示更客气)

下一步我们该怎么做?

Shallhecometoseeyou?

(用于第三人称疑问句)

要不要他来看你?

MustIfinishtheworkrightnow?

MustIpaynow?

(用于疑问句)(如回答不必时,需用needn't或don'thaveto)

我现在就得付款吗?

情态动词的用法:

表示“应该”、“必须”命令和建议

(Must,haveto,Shall,oughtto,Should,May*,Might*,)

Must用于表示“必须”、“务必”:

Youmustkeeptheplaceclean.(务必)

你务必保持地方干净。

Shall和Should用于表示“必须”:

Eachmembershallwearanamecard.(表示规定)

每一个会员必须配带名卡。

Ishouldanswerhisletterassoonaspossible.(表示应该)

我应该尽快给他回信。

Therulesshalltakeeffecton Jan.1st. (shall用于规章等,表示义务和规定)

新规则于一月一日起生效。

Oughtto用于表示“应该”(强调客观上):

(大多情况可用should代替)

Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.(oughtto的语气比must弱)

你应该去看看医生。

Yououghtn't(oughtnot)tosmokesomuch.(oughtn't用于否定句)

你不应该抽这么多烟。

May和Might用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文,一般上多用shall):

Paymentmaybepaidbycheck. (表示规定)

应以支票付款。

Youmightaskbeforeyouusemycomputer. (might表示应该)

你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。

情态动词的用法:

表示“意图”、“打算”“意愿”“决心”

(will,would*shall,should*)

情态动词+完成式

对过去或完成的猜测must/may/might/could/can’t/couldn’t/can?

/could?

havedone

虚拟语气couldhavedone本来可以;有可能

needn’thavedone本没必要做某事

should/oughttohavedone本应该做某事

shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本不应该做某事

情态动词练习

(1)

1.MayIstopmycarhere?

    No,you____.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.don'thaveto

2.Mustwecleanthehousenow?

  No,you_______.

A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.can't

3.Johnhisfatherabouthisfailureintheexam.

A.daresnottellB.daresnottelling

C.darenottellD.daresnottotell

4.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepitnextweekifyoulike.

A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot

5.Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.

A.won't...can'tB.mustn't...may C.shouldn't,mustD.can't...shouldn't

6.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.

A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto

7.Wouldyougooutforawalkwithme?

No,I.Mygirlfriendiscoming.

A.wouldn'tB.shallnotC.won'tD.shouldn't

8.Mandiewithoutwater.   A.willB.canC.needD.shall

9.Ifhestartedat90'clock,hebetherebynow.

A.needB.shallC.oughttoD.must

10.Imailedthelettertwoweeksago.She_____it.

A.mustreceiveB.can'treceiveC.mightreceiveD.musthavereceived

11.Theprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore5:

30p.m.

A.befinishedB.willfinish

C.mustbefinishedD.wouldbefinished

12.Therewasplentyoftime.You_____.

A.mustn'thurryB.mustn'thavehurried

C.needn'thurryD.needn'thavehurried

13.Tomwasadiligentboy.Hegotoschoolthoughitwasraininghard.

 wasabletoB.couldC.couldn'tD.wasn'tableto

14.______Igobackbeforelunch?

 No,Idon'tthinkyou________.

A.Need...mustB.Do...needtoC.Must...havetoD.May....oughtto

15.Theteacherdoalltheexercises,butapupil_______.

A.needn't....mustB.maynot...must  C.needn't....needn'tD.can't....must

16.Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?

  Yes,I______.

A.willB.wouldC.doD.can

17.Aliononlyattacksahumanbeingwhenitishungry.

A.shouldB.canC.willD.shall

18.____MustIfinishthisnovelthismorning?

____No,you_____.

A.mustn'tB.mightnotC.don'thavetoD.can't

19.Thetaxi____onlyholdsixpassengers.Itisfull.Youtakethenextone.

A.may...mayB.can...mayC.may...canD.must...can

20.Ialittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.

A.maycomeB.mayhavecomeC.couldhavecomeD.musthavecome

21.Iwishtogohomenow,I?

A.mayB.can'tC.mustD.do

22.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,he?

A.mustn'tB.didn'tC.needn'tD.hasn't

23.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn't.Whoseitbe?

A.mustB.canC.mayD.might

24.Hedidn'tdowellintheexam.Hehardathislessons.

A.musthaveworkedB.oughttohaveworked

C.wouldhaveworkedD.hasworked

25.Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.

A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay

26.MrBaker,anumberofstudentswanttoseeyou._____theywaithereoroutside?

A.ShouldB.WillC.ShallD.Are

27.Youthetrees.Look,itisrainingnow.

A.mustn'thavewateredB.needn'thavewatered

C.couldhavewateredD.mighthavewatered

28.Igiveyouananswertomorrow.Ipromise!

A.mustB.willC.mayD.shall

29.Asasoldier,youdoastheheadtellsyou.

A.willB.shallC.mayD.ought

30.Thestreetsarealldry.It_____duringthenight.

A.can'thaverainedB.musthaverained

C.couldn'trainD.shouldn'thaverained

31."When_____heleavethehospital?

"Iaskedthedoctor.

A.willB.shallC.canD.may

32.Theyhavenotfinishtheworkuptonow.

____Well,they______

A.shouldhaveB.shouldC.oughttoD.oughthave

33.Sinceitisalreadymidnight,we______.

A.hadbetterleavingB.oughttohaveleave

C.shouldtakeourleaveD.mightaswellleave

34.youbehappy!

A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Would

35.Mustwecometomorrow?

A.No,youcan'tB.No,younee

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