高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习试题.docx
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高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习试题
高中英语情态动词用法归纳与练习
A:
can/could=beableto
1表示能力两种时态can(could),其他时态要用beableto的形式
HecanspeakFrench.
Was/wereableto可以表示成功做成某事的含义*managedtodo/succeededindoing
Withourhelp,hewasabletobuildthehouse.
2表示请求或许可Could比Can更加客气*may
CanIgonow?
Yes,youcan.
3表示推测或可能性,常用于否定句和疑问句
Canhebeatschool?
TodayisSunday.Hecan'tbeatschool.
Can’tcouldn’t/Can?
Could?
havedone
Thereisnolightintheroom.Canshehavegonetobed?
Shecan’thavegonetoschool-----it’sSunday.
Couldhavedone可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性*mayhavedone
Shecouldhavegoneoutwithsomefriendsyesterday.
Couldhavedone可以表示虚拟语气
某事可能发生(并没有发生)
ItwassillytothrowtheTVoutofthewindow.Itcouldhavehitsomebody.
批评某人没有完成某事(本可以做某事)
Youarelateagain.Youcouldhavegotupearlier.
4can表示客观上的可能性*
Anybodycanmakemistakes.
B:
mayandmight
1表示请求和允许类似用法cancould(更加口语化)
MayIwatchTVnow?
Yes,youmay.
2表示可能性;猜测might比may更加不确定may/mighthavedone对过去的揣测*
Hemaybebusythesedays.
Maynot可能不;不可能;一定不可
3表示祝愿 Wishyousuccess!
Mayyousucceed!
*
C:
mustandhaveto
1表示必须;一定要可以用haveto代替
must现在;将来的必须而且是主观看法*
haveto有多种时态而且强调客观情况
Ireallymuststopsmokingnow.
IhadtoleaveearlybecauseIwasn’tfeelingwell.
MustIcomehere?
Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.needn’t/don’thaveto mustnot一定不能做某事mustn’t
2must表示推测意思非常肯定“一定是”“一定会”
Itmustberainingoutside.
Musthavedone对过去/完成的推测* musthavedone,didn’t/hasn’t
Mustbedoing推测现在正在进行
Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,hasn’the?
Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?
D:
needanddare过去时dared
情态动词和实意动词的区别
A人称变化Bdo/todo C直接否定/间接否定 can work
Need/dare肯定句中,实义动词
Sheneedstodoit.Idaretodoit.
使用在否定句,疑问句中,情态动词,实义动词。
Idarenotdoit. Idon’tdare(to)doit.
Ineednotdoit. Idon’tneedtodoit.
1need情态动词无时态;人称的变化多用于疑问句和否定句
Youneedn’ttrytoexplain.
Needn’t=don’thaveto
Needn’thavedonesth过去本不必做某事* 虚拟语气
2need实义动词有时态;人称的变化后接todo Youneedtotellusthetruth.
Thecarneedsrepairing.Thecarneedstoberepaired.
3dare情态动词过去时dared无人称的变化多用在疑问句和否定句
Darehetellthemwhatheknows?
4dare实义动词有时态;人称的变化后接todo
用于疑问句和否定句时其后的to有时可省略
Doyoudare(to)jumpoffthehighwall?
E:
willandwould
1表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿would比will更客气委婉
Willyouhavesomemorewine?
Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?
2will表示习惯性动作或某种倾向would表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向
Fishwilldieoutofwater.
WhenIwasyoung,IwouldplaybadmintononSundays.
Would与usedto的区别*
Would只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态
Usedto既可表示动作也可表示状态,强调现在不如此
Heusedtobeauniversitystudent.
3will表示意愿决心
Iwillneverdothatagain.
F:
shall,shouldandoughtto
1shall在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求用于第一,三人称
Whatshallwedonow?
2shall肯定句中表示说话人强烈的感情允许,命令,禁止和威胁*
或表示按规定,规章和义务等用于第二,三人称
Ifyoudaretodothat,youshallbepunished.
Theserulesshallbeobeyed.
Shallnot禁止,不许
3shall决心,意愿=will
IshallcomeifIwantto.
4should表示劝告,建议=oughtto应该
Youshouldwashyourhandsfirst.
Should主要表示主观看法*
Oughtto客观情况法律、规定、义务的使用
Shouldhavedone/oughttohavedonesth虚拟语气*
Shouldn’thavedone/oughtnottohavedonesth
Youshouldhavedoneittoday.
5should推测推论可能性=oughtto*估计
Theyshould/oughttobetherebynow.
6should说话人的感情。
如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然” 否定句疑问句
Youcan’timaginethatwell-behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady
Whyshouldhedosuchathing?
推测肯定性可能性由强到弱
must/shall*/oughtto/should/would*/could*/may/might/can理论上的可能/can?
Could?
/can’tcouldn’t
must用于表示"必定","必会":
Allmankindmustdie. (表示必然会发生的事)
所有的人一定会死的。
shall用于表示"必定":
Ishallberichoneday.(shallbe)
总有一天我发达的。
oughtto/should用于表示"想必会"(语气较must弱):
Theyshould/oughttobetherebynow.
他们想必已到那儿了。
will和would用于表示"预测"或"习惯性":
Ithinkhewillbeallrightnow.(willbe表示一定会)
我想他现在一定好了。
Could表推测
No,buttheshopcouldbeintheeastofthecity.
may和might用于表示"事实上的可能性"或"预测":
Itmaysnowlaterthisafternoon.(表示预测)
今天下午可能会下雪。
Youmightberight.(表示有可能)
你可能是对的。
Can理论上的可能
Anybodycanmakemistakes.(只表示理论上的可能性)
任何人都可能犯错误。
Can?
Could?
/can’tcouldn’t疑问否定
Hecan'tbeathome.(否定句)
他不可能在家。
Canthenewsbetrue?
(将情态动词can置于主语thenews前就成疑问句)
这消息可能是真的吗?
情态动词bedoing
情态动词havedone
must/could/may/might/Can;could?
havedone/can’t;couldn’thavedone
请求和允许
CancouldI;he/maymightI;he/willwouldyou/shallshouldoughttoI;he?
/MustI?
不同类型语气分析
CanIgowithyou?
(请求)
我能跟你一起走吗?
CouldIaskyousomething?
(请求,用could比can更婉转)
我可以问你一件事吗?
MayImakeasuggestion?
我可以提个建议吗?
MightItakealookofyourwork?
我看看您的大作行吗?
Willyoukindlytellmethewaytothepostoffice?
(表示客气请求)
请问到邮局怎么走?
Wouldyougivemeyouraddress?
(用would比will表示更客气)
请你告诉我你的地址,好吗?
Shallwetalk?
我们谈谈好吗?
Whatshouldwedonext?
(用should比shall表示更客气)
下一步我们该怎么做?
Shallhecometoseeyou?
(用于第三人称疑问句)
要不要他来看你?
MustIfinishtheworkrightnow?
MustIpaynow?
(用于疑问句)(如回答不必时,需用needn't或don'thaveto)
我现在就得付款吗?
情态动词的用法:
表示“应该”、“必须”命令和建议
(Must,haveto,Shall,oughtto,Should,May*,Might*,)
Must用于表示“必须”、“务必”:
Youmustkeeptheplaceclean.(务必)
你务必保持地方干净。
Shall和Should用于表示“必须”:
Eachmembershallwearanamecard.(表示规定)
每一个会员必须配带名卡。
Ishouldanswerhisletterassoonaspossible.(表示应该)
我应该尽快给他回信。
Therulesshalltakeeffecton Jan.1st. (shall用于规章等,表示义务和规定)
新规则于一月一日起生效。
Oughtto用于表示“应该”(强调客观上):
(大多情况可用should代替)
Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.(oughtto的语气比must弱)
你应该去看看医生。
Yououghtn't(oughtnot)tosmokesomuch.(oughtn't用于否定句)
你不应该抽这么多烟。
May和Might用于表示“应该"(多用于法律等条文,一般上多用shall):
Paymentmaybepaidbycheck. (表示规定)
应以支票付款。
Youmightaskbeforeyouusemycomputer. (might表示应该)
你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。
情态动词的用法:
表示“意图”、“打算”“意愿”“决心”
(will,would*shall,should*)
情态动词+完成式
对过去或完成的猜测must/may/might/could/can’t/couldn’t/can?
/could?
havedone
虚拟语气couldhavedone本来可以;有可能
needn’thavedone本没必要做某事
should/oughttohavedone本应该做某事
shouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedone本不应该做某事
情态动词练习
(1)
1.MayIstopmycarhere?
No,you____.
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.don'thaveto
2.Mustwecleanthehousenow?
No,you_______.
A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.can't
3.Johnhisfatherabouthisfailureintheexam.
A.daresnottellB.daresnottelling
C.darenottellD.daresnottotell
4.Youreturnthebooknow.Youcankeepitnextweekifyoulike.
A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot
5.Johnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.
A.won't...can'tB.mustn't...may C.shouldn't,mustD.can't...shouldn't
6.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryonegetout.
A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto
7.Wouldyougooutforawalkwithme?
No,I.Mygirlfriendiscoming.
A.wouldn'tB.shallnotC.won'tD.shouldn't
8.Mandiewithoutwater. A.willB.canC.needD.shall
9.Ifhestartedat90'clock,hebetherebynow.
A.needB.shallC.oughttoD.must
10.Imailedthelettertwoweeksago.She_____it.
A.mustreceiveB.can'treceiveC.mightreceiveD.musthavereceived
11.Theprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore5:
30p.m.
A.befinishedB.willfinish
C.mustbefinishedD.wouldbefinished
12.Therewasplentyoftime.You_____.
A.mustn'thurryB.mustn'thavehurried
C.needn'thurryD.needn'thavehurried
13.Tomwasadiligentboy.Hegotoschoolthoughitwasraininghard.
wasabletoB.couldC.couldn'tD.wasn'tableto
14.______Igobackbeforelunch?
No,Idon'tthinkyou________.
A.Need...mustB.Do...needtoC.Must...havetoD.May....oughtto
15.Theteacherdoalltheexercises,butapupil_______.
A.needn't....mustB.maynot...must C.needn't....needn'tD.can't....must
16.Wouldyouopenthewindowplease?
Yes,I______.
A.willB.wouldC.doD.can
17.Aliononlyattacksahumanbeingwhenitishungry.
A.shouldB.canC.willD.shall
18.____MustIfinishthisnovelthismorning?
____No,you_____.
A.mustn'tB.mightnotC.don'thavetoD.can't
19.Thetaxi____onlyholdsixpassengers.Itisfull.Youtakethenextone.
A.may...mayB.can...mayC.may...canD.must...can
20.Ialittleearlier,butImetafriendofmineontheway.
A.maycomeB.mayhavecomeC.couldhavecomeD.musthavecome
21.Iwishtogohomenow,I?
A.mayB.can'tC.mustD.do
22.Hemusthavefinishedhishomework,he?
A.mustn'tB.didn'tC.needn'tD.hasn't
23.Thispenlookslikemine,yetitisn't.Whoseitbe?
A.mustB.canC.mayD.might
24.Hedidn'tdowellintheexam.Hehardathislessons.
A.musthaveworkedB.oughttohaveworked
C.wouldhaveworkedD.hasworked
25.Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.
A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay
26.MrBaker,anumberofstudentswanttoseeyou._____theywaithereoroutside?
A.ShouldB.WillC.ShallD.Are
27.Youthetrees.Look,itisrainingnow.
A.mustn'thavewateredB.needn'thavewatered
C.couldhavewateredD.mighthavewatered
28.Igiveyouananswertomorrow.Ipromise!
A.mustB.willC.mayD.shall
29.Asasoldier,youdoastheheadtellsyou.
A.willB.shallC.mayD.ought
30.Thestreetsarealldry.It_____duringthenight.
A.can'thaverainedB.musthaverained
C.couldn'trainD.shouldn'thaverained
31."When_____heleavethehospital?
"Iaskedthedoctor.
A.willB.shallC.canD.may
32.Theyhavenotfinishtheworkuptonow.
____Well,they______
A.shouldhaveB.shouldC.oughttoD.oughthave
33.Sinceitisalreadymidnight,we______.
A.hadbetterleavingB.oughttohaveleave
C.shouldtakeourleaveD.mightaswellleave
34.youbehappy!
A.MayB.CanC.MustD.Would
35.Mustwecometomorrow?
A.No,youcan'tB.No,younee