大学英语四级考试真题第3套及答案详解.docx

大学英语四级考试真题第3套及答案详解.docx

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大学英语四级考试真题第3套及答案详解

2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第3套）

PartI

Writing

（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:

oneistoworkinastate-ownedbusinessandtheotherinajointventure.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourchoice.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartII

ListeningComprehension

（25minutes）

说明：

由于2016年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中再也不重复显现。

PartⅢ

ReadingComprehension

（40minutes）

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Manymenandwomenhavelongboughtintotheideathatthereare"male"and"female"brains,believingthatexplainsjustabouteverydifferencebetweenthesexes.Anewstudy26thatbelief,questioningwhetherbrainsreallycanbedistinguishedbygender.

Inthestudy,TelAvivUniversityresearchers27forsexdifferencesthroughouttheentirehumanbrain.

AndwhatdidtheyfindNotmuch.Ratherthanofferevidencefor28brainsas"male"or"female,"researchshowsthatbrainsfallintoawiderange,withmostpeoplefallingrightinthemiddle.

DaphnaJoel,wholedthestudy,saidherresearchfoundthatwhiletherearesomegender-based29,manydifferenttypesofbraincan'talwaysbedistinguishedbygender.

Whilethe"average"maleand"average"femalebrainswere30different,youcouldn'ttellitbylookingatindividualbrainscans.Onlyasmall31ofpeoplehad"all-male"or"all-female"characteristics.

LarryCahill,anAmericanneuroscientist（神经科学家）,saidthestudyisanimportantadditiontoagrowingbodyofresearchquestioning32beliefsaboutgenderandbrainfunction.Buthecautionedagainstconcludingfromthisstudythatallbrainsarethesame,33ofgender.

"There'samountainofevidence34theimportanceofsexinfluencesatalllevelsofbrainfunction,"hetoldTheSeattleTimes.

Ifanything,hesaid,thestudy35thatgenderplaysaveryimportantroleinthebrain--"evenwhenwearenotclearexactlyhow."

A.abnormal

B.applied

C.briefly

D.categorizing

E.challenges

F.figure

G.percentage

H.proving

I.regardless

J.searched

K.similarities

L.slightly

M.suggests

N.tastes

0.traditional

SectionB

Directions：

Inthissection，youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs．Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived．Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce．Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter．AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2．

CanBurglarsJamYourWirelessSecuritySystem?

A.Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination．Soitisn’tsurprisingthatyou’11findplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome—securitysystems．B.Themostlikelytypeofburglary（人室盗窃）byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeofopportunity，usuallyinvolvingabrokenwindoworsomeforcedentry．AccordingtotheFB1．crimesliketheseaccountedforroughlytwo．thirdsofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin2021．Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal．unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen．TheoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemaresosmallthattheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics．

C.Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome—securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether．Withwiredsetups，thefearisthataburglar（人室盗贼）mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplybycuttingtherightcable．Withawirelesssetup．youstickbattery—poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows。

doors，motion，andmore．Iftheydetectsomethingwrongwhilethesystemisarmed．they’lltransmitawirelessaleftsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm．Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord—cuttingconcerns--butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent，jamming?

withthefightdevicetunedtothefightfrequency，what’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?

D.Jammingconcernsarenothingnew，andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems．Anydevicethat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency．Forcomparison．1et’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople--allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear．

E）Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston—matmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling．Theywill．however．needtoknowwhatsystemthey’relookingfor．Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse，that’dpointthemintherightdirection，thoughatthatpoint，we’retalkingaboutahighlytargeted，semi—sophisticatedattack，andnotthesortofforced—entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentforsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers．

F）Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks．SimpliSafe，winnerofourEditors’Choicedistinction．utilizesaspecialsystemthat’scapableofseparatingincidentalRFinterferencefromtargetedjammingattacks．Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed，it’llnotifyyouviapushalert（推送警报）．Fromthere，it’suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually．

G）SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming，completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment．AftertakingappropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab，wetestedtheattackoutforourselves，andwereabletoverifythatit’spossiblewiththerightequipment．However．wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jammingsystemworks．Itcaughtusintheact，sentanalerttomysmartphone，andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog．Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem，orwhetherornotitdetectedthem．

H）Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware．Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemworks．thenfigureoutawayaroundit．Eveniftheycould，SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolving，andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem，whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit．Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming．TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite，citingtheirownjamprotectionsoftwareandclaimingthattherearen’tanydocumentedcasesofasuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthel980s．

I）Jammingattacksareabsolutelypossible．Assaidbefore．withthefightequipmentandtherightknow—how，it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission．Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirwayintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?

J）Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti—jammingsystem．First，athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome，specifically．Then，he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup．Presumably，youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway，sothethiefwillstillneedtobreakin．Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow，orbreakingawindow．He’11needtobejammingyouatthispoint，asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm．S0，too，wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome，sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal．However．he’11needtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem，thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnothaveaccessto．

K）Attheendoftheday，thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash—and—grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany—sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome，onethatincludescommonsensethingslikesoundlocksandproperexteriorlightingatnight．Nosystemisimpenetrable，andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely．Everyoneofthemhasvulnerabilitiesthataknowledgeablethiefcouldtheoreticallyexploit．Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst—casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack．

36．Itispossibleforburglarstomakejammingattackswiththenecessaryequipmentandskill．37．Interferingwithawirelesssecuritysystemissimilartointerferingwithaconversation．

38．Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm，bothinsideandoutsidethehouse．

39．SimpliSafeprovidesdevicesthatareabletodistinguishincidentalradiointerferencefromtargetedjammingattacks．

40．Onlyaverysmallproportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans．

41．ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging．

42．Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected．

43．Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglary