专八改错真题与答案.docx

专八改错真题与答案.docx

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专八改错真题与答案

2000年-2015年专八短文改错试卷

2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错

WhenIwasinmyearlyteens,Iwastakentoaspectacularshow

onicebythemotherofafriend.Lookedroundatheluxuryofthe

rink,myfriend’smotherremarkedonthe“plush”seatswehadbeen

given.Ididnotknowwhatshemeant,andbeingproudofmy

vocabulary,Itriedtoinferitsmeaningfromthecontext.“Plush”

wasclearlyintendedasacomplimentary,apositiveevaluation。

that

muchIcouldtellitfromthetoneofvoiceandthecontext.SoI

startedtousetheword.Yes,Ireplied,theycertainlyareplush,and

soaretheicerinkandthecostumesoftheskaters,aren’tthey?

My

friend’smotherwasverypolitetocorrectme,butIcouldtellfromher

expressionthatIhadnotgotthewordquiteright.

Oftenwecanindeedinferfromthecontextwhatawordroughly

means,andthatisinfactthewaywhichweusuallyacquireboth

newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour

ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave

askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe

aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby

speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,

butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.

Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.

1.______

2.______

3.______

4.______

5.______

6.______

7.______

8.______

9.______

10.______

2014改错

Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition（SLA）emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.

Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions

（1）______

havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:

（2）______

lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthesamesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?

（3）______

lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave（4）______

moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?

lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?

lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe（5）______

acquisitionofadditionallanguages?

lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?

Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall（6）______

theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:

Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring

ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo（7）______

so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiritionalg”anaddilanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder（8）______

focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofanindividual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare

involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning（9）______

oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe

classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.（10）______

2013专八短文改错试卷．

Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocesses

involvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,

productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith

（1）_____

listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.

Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually

（2）______

happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.

（3）______

Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,

（4）______

younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptional

circumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity

（5）______

involved:

ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit。

ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced

（6）______

theirlanguage。

ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage。

if

（7）______

wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult。

or

ifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet

anyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples

（8）______

ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”

revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,

（9）______

listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesses

werenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful

（10）______

experimentstogetatwhatishappening.

2012年

Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargument

hasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst

（1）______

centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywriters

favouredcertainkindof“free”translation:

thespirit,nottheletter。

the

（2）_______

sensenottheword。

themessagerathertheform。

thematternot

（3）_______

themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho

（4）_______

wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th

（5）_______

century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat

thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage

（6）_______

wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible

（7）_______

gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas

（8）_______

literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe

（9）_______

extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.

Theargumentwastheoretical:

thepurposeofthetranslation,the

natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too

often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith

eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.

（10）_____

2011年专八真题改错部分

2/10

Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew

thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout1__________

seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso

withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat2___________

soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks.3___________

Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears4__________

oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For

thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped

disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy5_____________

schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesand

holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom6_________

theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof7________

beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords

andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated8________

asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure9________

ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously10________

intended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand

boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.

2010年专八真题改错部分

Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally

completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:

thatis,

everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay

1________________

thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay.

2________________

Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive

3________________

peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notall

groupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsor

psychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe

4_____________

faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakabout

snowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin

5______________

English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage（oneofthose

sometimesmiscalled'primitive'）isinherentlymorepreciseand

subtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect

6______________

inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'primitiveness'.Thepositionis

simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar

7____________

environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms

8____________

fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhich

Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.

9_____________

Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguage

couldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufacture

orcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'life.

10____________

2009

Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses

fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference

（1）___________

3/10

betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,

learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe

（2）___________

littlelistenerhasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven

（3）____________

grandchildren.Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeand

transmittingitmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With

（4）_____________

theplaygroundlore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed

（5）___________

onwithintheveryhouritislearnt。

andinthegeneral,itpasses

（6）_____________

betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommon

forthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfive

years.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeen

currentlyforahundredyears,orevenjustforfifty,itfollowsthatit

（7）__________

hasbeenretransmittedoverandover。

verypossiblyithasp