届高考英语二轮复习语法突破10虚拟语气.docx
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届高考英语二轮复习语法突破10虚拟语气
2022届高考英语二轮复习语法突破10【虚拟语气】
考点一if条件句中的虚拟语
气
虚拟语气
主句谓语动词
从句谓语动词
虚拟现在
should/would/
could/might+do
过去式(be用were)
虚拟过去
should/would/could/
might+havedone
had+过去分词
虚拟将来
should/would/
could/might+do
过去式/weretodo/should+do
例:
Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyhaddrivenafewmorekilometers.
如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.
如果你没有把地图丢了的话,我们现在就回到旅馆了。
Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.
格蕾丝不想搬到纽约,因为她认为如果住在那里,她就不能经常看到她的父母了。
注意:
如果在表示虚拟语气的if条件句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略,然后将were,had或should移至主语之前。
Wereitnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.
如果没有老师的帮助,这个学生克服不了她的困难。
如果主句和从句是对不同时间的事实的虚拟,则被称为错综虚拟语气。
此时主句常有明显的时间状语。
MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.
也许如果当时我学的是理科而不是文科,那么我现在就可以给你更多的帮助了。
考点二含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气
有时假设的条件不通过条件状语从句表达出来,而是隐含在某些词或短语中,或隐含在上下文中,这叫含蓄虚拟语气。
常用的这类词或短语有:
without(要是)没有;butfor要不是;otherwise/or否则等。
例:
—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?
—你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?
—Yes.Otherwise,Iwouldn’thavebeenabletoreachheryesterday.
—是的,不然我昨天就不可能联系上她了。
ManyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbutforThomasEdison.
要不是托马斯·爱迪生,我们现在从中获益的很多东西就不会存在。
考点三虚拟语气在从句中的运用
一、在名词性从句中的运用
1.在表示要求、命令、建议、请求等动词后接的宾语从句中,以及这些动词的名词后接的同位语或表语从句中,谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
常见的此类动词:
一坚持(insist)、二命令(order,command)、三要求(require,demand,request)、四建议(suggest,advise,propose,recommend)。
例:
ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.
她建议戴尔参加辩论队,她认为辩论队里的演讲练习会给予他所需要的信心和认可。
Mysuggestionwasthatnecessarymeasures(should)betakentoprotectthechildrenfromdangeroussituations.
我的建议是采取必要措施来保护孩子们远离危险的境遇。
注意:
当suggest作“暗示,表明”,insist作“坚持认为”讲时,从句要用陈述语气。
例:
Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision.
他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。
Heinsistedthathehadn’tstolenthemoney.他坚持说他没有偷过钱。
2.在“Itis/was+adj./done+that...”句型中,从句中的谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。
常见的形容词或过去分词有important,necessary,strange,suggested,ordered,advised,requested,demanded等。
例:
Itisnecessarythatwe(should)cleantheroomeveryday.
我们每天打扫房间是有必要的。
Itisrequiredthatmiddleschool
students(should)takeatleastonehourexerciseeveryday.
中学生被要求每天至少进行一个小时的锻炼。
3.wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气:
情况
从句谓语动词
与现在事实相反
过去式(be动词一般用were)
与过去事实相反
had+过去分词
与将来事实相反
would/could/might+动词原形
例:
Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIdancedaswellasher.
埃伦是一个极出色的舞者。
我希望我能够跳得和她一样好。
Ifeelsosick.Iwishmymotherhadn’tforcedmetoeatsomuch.
我想呕吐。
我真希望我妈妈没强迫我吃这么多。
4.wouldrather所接的宾语从句中,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,表示对现在或将来的虚拟;从句谓语动词用过去完成时,表示对过去的虚拟。
例:
Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnot
achildanylonger.
我们宁愿女儿待在家,陪在我们身边,但是选择权在她手里,毕竟她不再是个孩子了。
I’dratherhehadgonetotheseasidewithmethedaybeforeyesterday.
在wouldyoumind+if从句中用过去时态。
例:
WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?
如果我打开窗户,你不反对吧?
比较:
DoyoumindifIsmoke?
我抽烟你不介意吧?
在expect,believe,think,suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中;在Itisapity...,Itisashame...,Itisincredible...,Itisstrange...,Itisnowonder...等结构
后的主语从句中;在Iamsorry、Weweresurprised,Theyweredisappointed等结构后的状语从句中用should十动词原形(或完成形式),表示惊奇、惶惑、怀疑、不满等作用,意思为“竟然”,一般不可省略should。
例:
Ineverexpectedthattheproblemshouldbesocomplicated.
我从来没想到问题竟然会这样复杂。
Theyjustcouldn'tbelievethatthenewstadiumshouldbesobig.
他们简直不相信新体育场竟会这样大。
Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesoconceited.真遗憾他竟会这样自高自大。
考点四表示事与愿违的虚拟语气的用法。
shouldhavedone=oughttohavedone本应该…
例:
Youshouldhavewornmoreclothesthatday.那天你本该多穿些衣服。
shouldnothavedone/oughtnottohavedone本不应该
例:
Weshouldn'thavelefthimhomealone.我们本不该把他一个人留在家里。
besupposedtodo本应该…
例:
Youaresupposedtodielikethat.像这样死去的本该是你。
besupposedtohavedone本应该·
例:
Youaresupposedtohavereceivedtheletter.你本该早就收到那封信了。
might(not)havedone可能(不可能)做过…
例:
Hemayhavefinishedhisworkalready.他可能已经完成他的工作了。
needn'thavedone本没有必要.
例:
Youneedn'thavetypedtheletteryourself.你本不必自己把信打出来。
couldhavedone本能够…
例:
Icouldhavearrivedthereontime.我本来能够按时到达。
wouldliketohavedone=wouldhavelikedtodo本打算做…
例:
Iwouldliketohaveseenthefilmbutanunexpectedfriendcamelastnight.
昨天晚上我本打算去看电影,但是一个朋友来了。
meant/planned/hoped/wanted/thought/intended/supposed/expected...+tohavedone
=hadmeant/hadplanned/hadhoped/hadwanted/hadthought/hadintended/hadsupposed/hadexpected...+todo本打算……,本以为……
例:
Ihopedtohavepassedtheexam,but
Ifailed.我本以为能通过考试,但失败了。
=Ihadhopedtopasstheexam,butIfailed.
考点五三个固定句式中的虚拟语气
句式
现在虚拟
过去虚拟
将来虚拟
ifonly引导的条件句
及感叹句
过去式
had+过去分词
would/could/might+动词原形
asif/though引导的表语从句及方式状语从句
过去式
had+过去分
词
would/could/might+动词原形
Itis(high)timethat...
过去式或should+动词原形
例:
ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.Whyareyoutalkingtome
asifIhaddoneit?
打破窗户的是约翰。
为什么你说得好像是我打破的似的?
Itishightimethatwetook/shouldtakesomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.
确实到了我们应该采取措施解决这个问题的时候了。
Lookatthetroublewearein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteacher’sadvice!
看看我们所处的困境,要是我们当初听从老师的建议该多好!
注意:
当asif/though引导的句子所叙述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时,从句要用陈述语气。
专项训练题
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
(1)用括号内动词的正确形式填空
(2)根据句子意义在空线处填入适当的情态动词。
1Asthedeadlineisdrawingnear,noone________leavewithhisownworkuncompleted.
2Johnwantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhe________(come)tomorrowthantoday.
3Asaresult,Isuggestwe________(give)lesshomeworkandmoretimeforout-of-classroomactivities.Onlyinthis
waycanweliveahappyandhealthylife.
4Hewasstillrunningwithasmileonhisface,asifnothing________(happen).
5Ithasbeenacceptedthatallthestudents________putonmasksbeforegoingtoschoolincasetheyareinfectedwithfluvirus.
6Ifthenewsafetysystem________(bring)intouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.
7Whenyouphonedme,Iwashavingameeting;howIwishI________(answer)yourcall.
8Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies________(send)totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.
9Itishightimethatyou________(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.
10Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI________(take)partinthesportsmeet.
11—I________(not)thankyouenoughforwhatyouhavedoneforme.—You'rewelcome.
12Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He________havedrunktoomuchatthepartylastnight,
13AsFatherandMotherthoughtitwasabigoccasionforme,theysuggestedI________(hold)abirthdaypartyathometocelebrateit.
14Ourheadmasterinsistedthatwe________(get)toschooltenminutesaheadoftime.
15—I’mafraidIhavetoleavenow,foryousee,heiswaitingforme.
—Well,ifyou________,atleastwaittilltheheavyrainstops.
16Theyoungfirefighterinsistedthathe________(be)well-preparedandshouldbesenttheretoputoutthefire.
17Ifonlyhe________(tell)methenews!
Ineedn'thavebeensobusythen.
18Allfactorstakenintoconsideration,Iinsistthatit________(be)everyone'sdutytoobservetrafficrulestokeepoursocietyinorder.
19It'srequestedthatallmembers________(present)attheparty.
20Theyinsistedthathe________presentatmymeeting·
21IfI________(have)thechance,Iwouldhaveaclonedbabyrightnow.
22Isuggestedthatyou________(leave)forairportan
hourearlier.
23Don'thandlethevaseasifit________(be)madeofsteel.
24Thestudentsrequestthatmorefreetime________(give)tothemsothattheycandowhattheyareinterestedin.
25Theheadmastersuggestedthatthesportsmeeting________(put)offuntilnextweek.
26Thecommandwasthatthelecturehall________(decorate)thoroughlytowelcomethefamousprofessor.
27Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.
28Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________(drive)afewmorekilometers.
29Ifwe________(catch)theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.
30________(have)thegovernmentsandscientistsnotworkedtogether,AIDS-relateddeathswouldnothavefallensincetheirhighestin2005.
31Georgecan't________(go)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.
32Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?
Ifyou________(tell)me,Icouldhavehelped.
33IhaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.
34—Sorry,Mum!
Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.
—Oh,it'stoobad.Youhavemadefullpreparations.
Ⅱ.语法填空
A
MissFang1.________(not)readforverylongwithhereyeshurt.Hermothertoldherthatshe2.________gotohospitalandseeadoctor.“You3.________seeadoctorassoonaspossible,”hermothersaid.“You4.________havepooreyesight.”
WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttohospital.Theclerksaidthatthedoctor5.________seeherat3:
30.
MissFangrepliedthatshe6.________notbeabletobethereat3:
30,becauseshehadaclassthen.“Thedoctor7.________seeyouatabouttentofour,”theclerksuggested,“8.________Iarrangetheexaminationatabouttentofour,or9.________yourathercometomorrow?
”
MissFangthoughtshel0.________(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteacher11.________(not)beunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearlier,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,“IthinkI12.________makeitatabouttentofour.”
MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,“13.________Ileaveat3:
45today?
MyeyeshurtandI14.________haveaneyeexamination.”Asexpected,theteachersaid,“Yes,ofcourseyou________.”
B
Thebellforclassju