4职称英语补充短文.docx

4职称英语补充短文.docx

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4职称英语补充短文

第五部分补全短文

WeightWorriesMayStartEarlyforSlimWomen

Thereisarangeofreasonswhythinwomenthinkthey’retooheavy，butthedistortedbodyimagemayoftenhaveitsrootsinchilmlood．theresultsofanewstudysuggest．

ReSearchersfoundthatamongmorethan2，400thinwomentheysurveyed，nearly10percentthoughttheyweretooheavy_1__BExperiencesinchildhood，includinghavinganillparent，orstartingtodrinkorhavesexataparticularlyyoungage，wereamongtheriskfactorsforhavingadistortedbodyimage．

____．

Accordingtothestudyauthors，1edbyDr．SusanneKrugerKjaeroftheDanishCancerSociety，Copenhagen，society’s“ideal”femalebodyismovingtowardanunderweightphysique·

_2DResearchsuggeststhatmanynormal—weightwome．~1wishtoweighless．

____

Toinvestigatebodyimageamongthinwomen，theresearchersgavequestionnairesto2,443womenages27to38whosebodymassindexwasatthelowendofnormal__3__（F）Thewomenwereaskedaboutfactorsrangingfromchildhoodexperiencestocurrentexercisehabits．。

Overall，almost10percentofthewomenthoughttheyWeretooheavy．Thosewhoreportedcertain“severelifeevents”inchildhoodoradolescence，suchashavingaparentbecomeillor

havingtheireducationalhopesdashed，weremorelikelythanotherstohaveadistortedbodyimage．__4_AThesamewastrueof'womenwhostartedhavingsexordrinkingalcoholwhentheywereyoungerthan15yearsold．

Incontrast，traumaticeventsinadulthood，suchasseriousillnessorsignificantmaritalproblems，werenotrelatedtopoorbodyimage，也eresearchersreport．5_C“Ourresultsindicatethattheriskofbeingdissatisfiedwith（one’s）ownbodyweightmaybeestablishedearlyinlife，”Kjaerandhercolleagueswrite．

第二篇

Bedwetting

Millionsofkidsandteenagersfromeverypartoftheworldwetthebedeverysinglenight．It’ssocommonthatthereareprobablyotherkidsinyourclasswhodoit．Mostkidsdon’ttelltheirfriends‘，SOit’Seasytofeelkindofalone，likeyoumightbetheonlyoneonthewholeplanetwhowetsthebed_1__FButyouarenotalone．

Thefancynameforbedwettingisnocturnalenuresis.Enuresisrunsinfamilies.Thismeansthatifyouurinate，orpee，whileyouareasleep，there’Sagoodch，ancethatacloserelativealsodiditwhenheorshewasakid．__2__DJustlikevOumayhaveinheritedyourmom’sblueeyesoryouruncle’slonglegs，youprobablyinheritedbedwetting，too．

Themostimportantthingtorememberisthatnoonewetsthebedonpurpose．Itdoesn’tmeanthatyou’relazyoraslob．3_CIt，ssomethingyoucan’thelpdoing．Forsomereason，kidswhowetthebedarenotabletofeelthattheirbladderisfullanddon’twakeuptopeeinthetoilet．Sometimesa．kidwhowetsthebedwillhavearealisticdreamthathe’sinthebathroompeeing～onlytowakeuplateranddiscoverhe’sallwet.Manykidswhowetthebedareverydeepsleepers.__4BTryingtowakeupsomeonewhowetsthebedisoftenliketryingtowakealog—theyJuststayasleep．

Somekidswhowetthebeddoiteverysinglenight．Otherswetsomenightsandaredryonothers．Alotofkidssaythattheyseemtobedrierwhentheysleepatafriend’Sorarelative’shouse．___5__EThat，sbecausekidswhoareanxiousaboutwettingthebedmaynotsleepmuchoronlyverylightly．Sothebrainmaybethinking，“Hey，you!

Don’twetsomeoneelse’sbed!

”Thiscanhelpyoustaydryevenif

第三篇

WhatMakesMetheWeightIAm?

There，snoeasyanswertothisquestion．Yourgeneticmakeup，thephysicaltraitsthatgetpasseddowntoyoufromyourparents，playsabigpartindeterminingyoursizeandweight._1__FIfbothyourparentsaretall，thereisagoodchanceyou’llbetall．Butifyourparentsaresmallerthanaverage，youmaywanttorethinkthatprofessionalbasketballcareerI.

Thesamegoesforyourbodytype．Haveyoueverheardsomeonesayapersonis“bigboned”?

It’sawayofsayingthepersonhasalargeframe，orskeleton．Bigbonesusuallyweigh

morethansmallbones．__2_AThat，swhvit'spossiblefortwokidswiththesameheight，butdifferentweights，tobothbetherightweight．.

Likeyourheightorbodytype．yourgeneshavealottosayaboutwhatyourweightwillbe.Butthat，sOnlvpartofthestory．BeingoverweightCanruninsomeone’sfamily，butitmaynotbebecauseoftheirgenes．3CPooreatingandexercisehabitsalsoruninfamiliesandthismaybethereasonthemembersofafamilyareoverweight.Andeventhoughsomekidsgainweightmoreeasilythanothers．whentheyeatrightandexercise，mostkidscanbeahealthyandhappyweightthat’sfightforthem．It’Strue—thewayyouliveCanchangethewayyoulook．

HowmuchyouWeighisabalancebetweenthecaloriesyoueatandthe‘caloriesyouuse·_4_BIfyoueatmorecaloriesthanyourbodyneedstouse，youwillgaintoomuchweight.IfyouspendyourfreetimewatchingTV,yourbodywon’tuseasmanycaloriesasitwouldifyouplayedbasketball，skated，orwentforawalk．Ifyouareinbalance，yourweightwillstayrightforyouasyougrow.Butifyoueatmoreandexerciseless，youmaybecomeoverweight．_5__EOntheotherhand，ifyoueatlessandexercisemore，youmayloseweight·

第四篇TheBilingualBrain

WhenKarlKimimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesfromKorea’sateenager,hehadahardtimelearningEnglish.Nowhespeaksitfluently,andhehadauniqueopportunitytoseehowourbrainsadapttoasecondlanguage.1Asagraduatestudent,KimworkedinthelabofJoyHirsch,aneuroscientistinNewYork.____1F　Theirworkledtoanimportantdiscovery.____Theyfoundevidencethatchildrenandadultsdon’tusethesamepartsofthebrainwhentheylearnasecondlanguage.

TheresearchersusedaninstrumentcalledanMRI2（magneticresonanceimaging）scannertostudythebrainsoftwogroupsofbilingualpeople.____2B　Onegroupconsistedofthosewhohadlearnedasecondlanguageaschildren.____.Theotherconsistedofpeoplewho，likeKim，learnedtheirsecondlanguagelaterinlife.PeoplefrombothgroupswereplacedinsidetheMRIscanner.ThisallowedKimandHirschtoseewhichpartsofthebrainweregettingmorebloodandweremoreactive.Theyaskedpeoplefrombothgroupstothinkaboutwhattheyhaddonethedaybefore,firstinonelanguageandthentheother.Theycouldn’tspeakoutloudbecauseanymovementwoulddisruptthescanning.

KimandHirschlookedspecificallyattwolanguagecentersinthebrain-Broca'sarea3,whichisbelievedtocontrolspeechproduction,andWernicke’sarea3,whichisthoughttoprocessmeaning.KimandHirschfoundthatbothgroupsofpeopleusedthesamepartofWernicke'sareanomatterwhatlanguagetheywerespeaking.____3A　ButtheiruseofBroca’sareawasdifferent.____

PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguageaschildrenusedthesameregioninBroca’sareaforboththeirfirstandsecondlanguages.PeoplewholearnedasecondlanguagelaterinlifeusedadifferentpartofBroca’sareafortheirsecondlanguage.____4C　HowdoesHirschexplainthisdifference?

____Hirschbelievesthatwhenlanguageisfirstbeingprogrammedinyoungchildren,theirbrainsmaymixthesoundsandstructuresofalllanguagesinthesamearea.Oncethatprogrammingiscomplete,theprocessingofanewlanguagemustbetakenoverbyadifferentpartofthebrain.

Asecondpossibilityissimplythatwemayacquirelanguagesdifferentlyaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Hirschthinksthatmothersteachababytospeakbyusingdifferentmethodsinvolvingtouch,sound,andsight.____5E　Andthatisverydifferentfromlearningalanguageinahighschoolorcollegeclass.____

第五篇

ChestCompressions：

MostImportant0fCPR

Cardiopulmonaryresuscitation．orCPR，cansavethelifeofsomeonewhosehearthasstopped．Theconditioniscalledcardiacarrest。

．Theheartstopspumpingblood．Thepersonstopsbreathing．Withoutlifesavingmeasm：

es．thebrainstartstodiewiminfourtosixminutes．CPRcombinesbreathingintothevictim’Smouthandrepeatedpressesonthechest．1__CCPRkeepsbloodandoxygenflowingtotheheartandbrain．

However，anewJapanesestudyquestionstheusefulnessofmouth—to．mouthbreathing．ThestudywaspublishedintheBritishmedicalmagazine，TheLancet。

．DoctorsinTokyoledthe

research．Itexaminedmorethanfourthousandpeoplewhohadsufferedcardiacarrest．Inallthecases，witnessessawtheeventhappen．

Morethanonethousandofthevictimsreceivedsomekindofmedicalassistancefromwitnesses．SevenhundredandtwelvereceivedCPR．Fourhundredandthirty—ninereceivedchestpressesonly．___2FNomouth—to．mouthrescuebreathsweregiventQthem．TheresearcherssayanykindofCPRimprovedchancesofthepatient’ssurvival．But，theysaidthosepeopletreatedwithonlychestpressessufferedlessbraindamage．Twenty-twopercentsurvivedwithgoodbrainability．_3___BOnlytenpercentofthevictimstreatedwithtraditionalCPRsurvivedwithgoodbrainability．

TheAmericanHeartAssociation。

changeditsguidelinesforCPRchestpressesin2005．4_EItsaidpeopleshouldincreasethenumberofchestpressesfromfifteentothirtyforeverytwobreathsgiven．GordonEwyisaheartdoctorattheUniversityofArizonaCollegeofMedicineinTucson．Hewroteareportthatappearedwiththestudy．DoctorEwythinkstheCPRguidelinesshouldbechangedagain．Hesaidtheheartassociationshouldremoverescuebreathsfromtheguidelines．Hearguesthatmorewitnessestocardiacarrestswould．providetreatmentifrescuebreathsarenotapartofCPR．Hesaysthiswouldsavelives．_5___DHisstudiesshowthatmanypeopledonotwanttoperformmouth-to-mouthbreathingonastrangerforfearofgettingadisease．

Cardiacarrestkillsmorethan300．000peopleintheUnitedStateseveryyear．TheAmericanHeartAssociationsay