句子结构.docx

句子结构.docx

《句子结构.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《句子结构.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

句子结构

Sentencepatterns:

1.SimpleSentences

1.1S+Vt+宾语

1.1.1S+Vt+O

a.n/proneg.Ilikethebook

b.todoeg.Hedecidedtogiveupsmoking.

c.Vingeg.Ican’thelplaughing.

[Admit---appreciate---anticipate---

avoid---can’thelp---can’tstand---can’tresist

Consider---delay---postpone---deny---

fancy---dislike---don’tmind---mind---enjoy

Practice---putoff---suggest---lookforward

to---resume]

d.todo/doing

need/want/require+tobedone

/doing

start/begin+todo/doing

forget/remember/regret+todo/doing

stop/goon+todo/doing

meantodo/doing

e.clause

eg.Theyprovedthattheearthwasround.

1.1.2S+V+O1+O2

a.n/pron+n

egIowedhim$50.

eg.Shekissedhermothergoodbye.

Eg.Maryenvyyouyourslenderstature.

b.n/pron+clause

eg.Tomremindsmethatwearemeetingat8.

Eg.Heassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.

1.1.3S+v+O+complement（补语）

a.Adj.

EgShefoundhisjobratherboring.

EgIconsiderhimtrustworthy.

EgThefacthasprovedhisviewright.

EgIwishyouhappy.

b.n.

egWeallcallthebooka

masterpiece.

EgTheycalltheirdaughterMary.

c.adv.

EgWewenttoherhousebutfound

herout.

d.prep.Phrases

eg.Ifoundherinbettershape

whenwemetagain.

e.todo/do

advise/allow/require/invite/force/want/permit/

prefer+sb.todosth.

make/let/have/hear/notice/watch/feelsb.dosth

f.ved/ving

hear/see/watch/find/get/have/notice/

make/keep+n+ved/ving

EgYoumustmakeyourselfrespected.

1.2S+Vi

1.2.1S+Vi

egThesunisrising.

2.2.2S+Vi+adv

egDoyousleepwell?

Thewindowwon’tshut.

Thisclothwasheswell.

Thisbooksellswell.

1.3S+linkverb+表语

a.adj

egShefeltangry.

b.adv

eg.Tomisout.

c.n/pron

egHeappearedafool.

EgItsoundsgood.

d.prepphrase

egThemeetingisofimportance.

Theworkerswereonstrike.

e.todo

egYourjobistomakesurethat

theworkisfinishedonschedule.

f.clause

egThereasonformylateness

isthatImissedthebus.

EgThisiswhatIwishtodo.

2.ComplexSentences

[2.1]Nominalsentences

[2.2]Attributivesentences

[2.3]Adverbialsentences

[2.1]Nominalsentencesledby“that,what,whatever,

when,who,whom,why”andsoon.

2.1.1SubjectClause

Eg1Thatpricewillgoupiscertain.

=Itiscertainthatthepricewillgoup.

Itissaid/reported/believed/estimatedthat…

Itisobvious/apparent/clearthat…

Itisimportant/critical/crucial/

essential/necessary/urgentthat…

Eg2Whathedidwasright.

Whatisoverisover.

Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.

Whyheleftwasn’timportant.

Whenhewillbebackdependsmuchontheweather.

2.1.2ObjectClause

EgIhear（that）shehasjoinedtheclub.

Irememberthatheoncetoldaboutthat.

Showmewhatyou’vebought.

ShebegantocriticizewhatIhaddone.

Takewhicheverseatyoulike.

Giveittowhomeveryoulike.

2.1.3AppositiveClause

Eg.Therewasnodoubtthathewasafinedoctor.

Ihavecometotheconclusionthatitwon’tbewisetodoso.

Thereissomepossibilitythathemaybelate.

Ihadnoideawhysheleft.

[2.2Attributivesentences]

限制性定语从句结构模式：

A先行词+关系代词（that/which/who/whom/whose）+句子

B先行词+关系副词（when/where/why）+句子

C先行词+介词+关系代词（which/whom/whose）+句子

Eg1Heisthepersonwhomeanswhathesays.

2TheforeignerswhomyoumetonthecampusyesterdayarefromCanada.

3Isthereanyoneinyourclasswhosefatherisadoctor?

4Ilikethebookwhosecolorisblue.

5Manypeopleliketoreadthosestoriesthatareinteresting.

6Thisismyfavoritebookwhich/thatI

choose.

2.2.1定语从句中引导词that与which的异同

2.2.1.1只能用that不能用which的情况

a.当先行词既指人又指物

egHetalkedofthemanandthebooksthatinterestedhim.

b.当先行词为all或指物的不定代词（anything/nothing/everything/

much/little/none）

egAllthatIwantispeace.

c.当先行词被

only/all/any/every/no/some/very/few/first/second…修饰时

eg.Anyboythatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.

d.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

egNewtonwasoneofthegreatestmenthateverlived.

HeisthecleverestmanthatIhavemet.

Heisthefirststudentthathasarrivedhere.

2.2.1.2在非限制性定语从句中只能用which不能用that

egItissaidthatourclassisthemostexcellentoneinGreatone,whichmakesmehappy.

Shesaid:

“Wehasdoneourbest”,whichwastrue.

ASthehistorysays,thepastwasnotwonderful.

ASisshownbythehistory,thepastwasnotwonderful.

2.2.2先行词+关系副词（when/where/why）+句子

egIshallneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.

ThatistheplacewherehestayedwhenhewasinLondon.

Thereasonwhyshecamesoearlyisherownaffair.

Ithoughtthereasonthat/whichhegavewasbelievable.

2.2.3先行词+介词+关系代词（which/whom/whose）+句子中介词来源

egHeistellingthestoryofLeifeng,

ofwhomeveryoneofusisproud.

Ican’tremembertheageatwhichhewontheprize.

Soundisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.

Thisistheringonwhichshespent$1000.

[2.3]Adverbialsentences

2.3.1时间状语从句（when,as,since,while,before,after,until,till,whenever,theminute,thesecond/themoment,assoonas,nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen）

Eg.Nosoonerhadshearrivedthanshebegantocomplain.

Hardlyhadwegotoutwhenitbegantosnow.

ScarcelyhadIcomeinwhenthephonerang.

2.3.2地点状语从句

EgWherethereisawill,thereisaway.

Wherethereisfire,thereissmoke.

2.3.3条件状语从句

EgIfitrains,we’llputofthemeeting.

Iwillgotheretomorrowunlessitrains.

Supposing/suppose/Assuming（that）

youlostyourjobtomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?

Wewillstandbyyouevenifyoudon’tsucceed.

2.3.4原因状语从句（because/as/since/nowthat）

egNowthatyou’veonyourown,youshoulddealwithitbyyourself.

2.3.5结果状语从句（so/sothat/so…that/such

that）

egHeransofastthatnobodycouldcatchup

withhim.

Sofastdidherunthatnobodycouldcatchup

withhim.

2.3.6让步状语从句

（although/though/eventhough/evenif/nomatterhow/while/as）

egAlthougheveryoneplayedwell,welostthegame.

Whiletheyaremyneighbors,Idon’tknowthemwell.

Cleverthoughshewas,shecouldn’tpasstheexam.

Intelligentashewas,hehadnothadinsight.

2.3.7目的状语从句（inorderthat/sothat/lest/incasethat/forfearthat…以防万一）

egHehidthemoney,lestitshouldbestolen.

Sheworriedforfearthathersonwouldbehurt.

Pleasecall119incasethatthefirehappens.

2.3.8方式状语从句（as/theway）

egWhenatRome,doastheRomansdo.

IwasneverallowedtodothingsthewayIwantedtodo.

2.3.9比较状语从句

YousingbetterthanIdo.