在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二.docx

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二.docx

《在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二

在职硕士英语阅读理解练习和答案二

Cigarettesmokingisbelievedbymostresearchworkersinthisfieldtobeanimportantfactorinthedevelopmentofcancerofthelungsandthethroatandisbelievedtoberelatedtocancerofthebladder（膀胱）andtheoralcavity（口腔）.Malecigarettesmokershaveahigherdeathratefromheartdiseasethannon-smokingmales.

Femalesmokersarethoughttobelessaffectedbecausetheydonotbreatheinthesmokesodeeply.Themajorityofphysiciansandresearchersconsidertheserelationshipsprovedtotheirsatisfactionandsay.“Giveupsmoking.Ifyoudon’tsmoke,don’tstart”.Somecompetentphysiciansandresearchworkers-thoughtheirsmallnumberisdwindling（减小）evenfurther-arelesssureoftheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.Theyconsidertheincreaseinrespiratory（呼吸的）diseasesandvariousformsofcancermaypossiblybeexplainedbyotherfactorsinthecomplexhumanenvironment-atmosphericpollution,increasednervousstress,chemicalsubstancesinprocessedfood,orChemicalpesticidesthatarenowbeingusedbyfarmersinvastQuantitiestodestroyinsectsandsmallanimals.Smokerswhodevelopcancerorlungdiseases,theysay,mayalso,bycoincidence,liveinindustrialareas,oreatmorecannedfood.Gradually,however,researchisisolatingallotherpossiblefactorsandprovingthemtobestatisticallyirrelevant.Whilealltobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth,cigarettesmokingappearstohaveamuchgreatereffectthancigarorpipesmoking.However,nicotine（尼古丁）consumptionisnotdiminishedbythelatterforms,andcurrentresearchIndicatesrelationshipbetweenallformsofsmokingandcancerofthemouthandthroat.Filtersandlowtar（焦油）tobaccoareclaimedtomadesmokingtosomeextentsafer,buttheycanonlymarginallyreduce,noteliminate,thehazards.

1.Malesmokingaremoreaffectedbysmokingthanfemaleonesbecause_____.

[A]Malesmokerssmokemorethanfemaleones

[B]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbysmoking

[C]Malesmokersbreathinthesmokedeeperthanfemaleones

[D]Malesmokersaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyotherfactorsinhormoneenvironment

2.Accordingtothepassage,cigarettecandoharmtoallthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

[A]lung

[B]mouth

[C]heart

[D]eye

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardssmokingis_____.

[A]critical

[B]approving

[C]questioning

[D]subjective

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

[A]Moreandmoreresearchworkbelievetheeffectofcigarettesmokingonhealth.

[B]Filtersandlowtartobaccocannotgetridofthehazard.

[C]Cigarettesmikinghasagreatereffectonhealththan.

[D]Allformsoftobaccosmokingaffectslifeexpectancyandhealth.

5.Theauthorspurposeofwritingthepassageisto_____.

[A]offeradviceonhowtogiveupsmoking

[B]explaintheinfluenceofcigarettesmokingonhealth

[C]listthefactorsthatcancausecancer

[D]comparetheopinionsontheeffectofsmoking

参考答案：

CDACB　RepresentativesofCallahanMediaAssociates（CM　[A]announcedtodaythatthenewsagencywouldattempttobuytheNationalBroadcastingSystem（NBS）,thesecondlargesttelevisionandradionetworkintheUnitedStates.RonaldCallahan,sonofJessicaCallahan,whostartedCMA,toldreportersthatheexpectshiscompany’sofferingpricetobehighenoughtowinoutoverotheroffers.HeindicatedthatNBSexecutiveshadalreadydiscussedreorganizationplansthatmightresultfromaCMAtakeover.

AnativeoftheUnitedKingdom,JessicaCallahanbegantobuynewspapers,magazines,andradiostationsintheUnitedStateseightyearsago,andCMAnowownsorcontrolsmorethanfifteennewsorganizationshere.Beforeshebecamealeaderinmediainthiscountry,shehadestablishedherfamily-ownedcompanyasoneofthemostimportantforcesinBritishTVandnewspapers.Callahanstartedhernewscareermorethantwenty-fiveyearsago,andshehadworkedasareporteronthreedifferentpaperswhenshetookthejobofeditorofEngland’sBirminghamHerald（伯明汉先驱报）,anewspaperthathadbeenexperiencingfinancialdifficultiesforseveralyears.HersuccessinraisingthenewsreportingstandardsaswellasmakingtheHeraldintoaprofitablebusinessgainedCallahantheattentionandrespectoftheBritishnewsestablishment.Bythetimeshewas35,shehadbecomeapublisherandstartedCMA,whichisnowoneofthelargestmediaorganizationsintheworld.

CallahanhadnevervisitedtheUnitedStatesbeforeshecametoMiamiandbecamethepublisheroftheMiamiJournalalmosteightyearsago,butshehadbeenreadingthenewspaperforseveralyears,andshesaidthatshelikedthepaper’sstyle.AftershehadownedtheJournalforjustoverayear,sheboughtasmallradiostationinGeorgia,andinthenextfiveyearsshewentontoacquirenewsorganizationsinseveraldifferentpartsofthecountry.

IfCMAbecomestheownerofNBS,forthefirsttimeitwillhavecontroloveranationwideTVnetwork.Inaninterviewlastweek,PhilipRosen,thepresidentofNBS,saidthathewasnotveryhappyaboutthepurchase.HeagreedthatCallahanandCMAhaddonealottohelpAmericannewspapersbecomemorefinanciallysecure,butheexpressedfearsthatthenewmanagementwasgoingtomakenewscoverageonNBSirresponsible.HestatedthathehopedhecouldremainwithNBSbutsaidthatthismightnotbepossible.

1.ThewriterthinsthatCMA’soffertobuytheNationalBroadcastingSystemisprobably_____.

[A]theonlyone

[B]agoodone

[C]unacceptablylow

[D]ofgreatcompetition

2.JessicaCallahancapturedtheconfidenceofthepressaftershebecametheeditorofBirminghamHeraldbecause_____.

[A]shewasexperienced

[B]shehadstrongfinancialbackground

[C]sincethenitstartedtomakemoney

[D]sheenjoyedgoodpopularity

3.JessicaCallahanhasnever_____.

[A]visitedtheUnitedStates

[B]ownedanationalTVnetwork

[C]workedasaneditor

[D]readtheMiamiJournal

4.TheattitudeofNBStopexecutivetotheCMAtakeoverwasthat_____.

[A]hewasopposedtothepurchase

[B]hehopedthetakeoverwouldbotaffectthesystem’sfame

[C]hewasafraidNBSwouldsufferseriousfinancialloss

[D]hecouldnotleavehispresentposition

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?

[A]JessicaCallahan---aSuccessfulWoman

[B]CMA---fromBritishtoUSA

[C]CMABuyingNBS?

[D]CMA’sAttractiveOffertoNBS

参考答案：

DCCBB　　Itisplainthatintheyear2000everyonewillhaveathiselbowseveraltimesmoremechanicalenergythanhehastoday.

Therewillbeadvancesinbiologicalknowledgeasfar-reachingasthosethathavebeenmadeinphysics.Weareonlybeginningtolearnthatwecancontrolourbiologicalenvironmentaswellasourphysicalone.Starvationhasbeenpredictedtwicetoagrowingworldpopulation:

byMalthusinabout1800,byCrookesinabout1900.ItwasheadedoffthefirsttimebytakingagriculturetoAmericaandthesecondtimebyusingthenewfertilizers.Intheyear2000,starvationwillbeheadedoffbythecontrolofthediseasesandtheheredity（遗传）ofplantsandanimals—byshapingourownbiologicalenvironment.

NowIcomebacktothehauntingthemeofautomation.Themostcommonspeciesinthefactorytodayisthemanwhoworksormindsasimplemachine—theoperator.Bytheyear2000,therepetitivetasksofindustrywillbetakenoverbythemachines,astheheavytasksweretakenoverlongago;andthementaltediumwillgothewayofphysicalexhaustion.Todaywestilldistinguish,evenamongrepetitivejobs,betweentheskilledandtheunskilled;butintheyear2000allrepetitionwillbeunskilled.Wesimplywasteourtimeifweopposethischange;itisasinevitableastheyear2000itself.

1.Thearticlewaswrittento_____.

[A]warnusoftheimpendingstarvation

[B]presentfactsaboutlifeinthenearfuture

[C]opposebiologicaladvances

[D]warnoftheevilsideofautomation

2.Advancesinbiologicalknowledgewere_____.

[A]keptpacewithadvancesinphysics

[B]beenresponsiblefortheinventionofnewmachines

[C]surpassedthoseinphysics

[D]laggedbehindthoseinphysics

3.Accordingtothepassage,starvation_____.

[A]canbepredicted

[B]isunavoidable

[C]canbeprevented

[D]ismainlycausedbypooragriculture

4.Repetitivetasksinindustryleadto_____.

[A]physicalexhaustion

[B]mentalstimulation

[C]mentalexhaustion

[D]extinction

5.Ifthepredictionsofthiswriterarerealized,thedemandfortheunskilledworkersinthetwenty-firstcenturywillbe_____.

[A]veryhigh

[B]verylow

[C]thesameastoday

[D]constantlyrising

参考答案：

BDCCB　Inthesedaysoftechnologicaltriumphs,itiswelltoremindourselvesfromtimetotimethatlivingmechanismsareoftenincomparablymoreefficientthantheirartificialimitations.Thereisnobetterillustrationofthisideathanthesonarsystemofbats.Ounceforounceandwattforwatt,itisbillionsoftimesmoreefficientandmoresensitivethantheradarsandsonarsdesignedbyman.Ofcourse,thebatshavehadsome50millionyearsofevolutiontorefinetheirsonar.Theirphysiologicalmechanismsforecholocation,basedonallthisaccumulatedexperience,thereforemeritourthoroughstudyandanalysis.Toappreciatetheprecisionofthebats’echolocation,wemustfirstconsiderThedegreeoftheirrelianceuponit.Thankstosonar,aninsect-eatingbatcangetalongperfectlywellwithouteyesight.ThiswasbrilliantlydemonstratedbyanexperimentperformedinthelateeighteenthcenturybytheItaliannaturalistLazureSpallanzani.Hecaughtsomebatsinabelltower,blindedthem,andreleasedthemoutdoors.Fourof