通用考博完型改错语法课程讲义.docx

通用考博完型改错语法课程讲义.docx

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通用考博完型改错语法课程讲义

通用考博完型、改错、语法课程讲义

第一章：

概况

第三章：

完形填空专项练习

1、Passage3

（1）

（2）（3）（2004清华大学）

ForthepeoplewhohavenevertraveledacrosstheAtlanticthevoyageisafantasy.ButforthepeoplewhocrossitfrequentlyonecrossingoftheAtlanticisverymuchlikeanother,andtheydonotmakethevoyageforthe61ofitsinterest.Mostofusarequitehappywhenwefeel62togotobedandpleasedwhenthejourney63.OnthefirstnightthistimeIfeltespeciallylazyandwenttobed64earlierthanusual.WhenI65mycabin,Iwassurprised66thatIwastohaveacompanionduringmytrip,whichmademefeelalittleunhappy.Ihadexpected67buttherewasasuitcase68mineintheoppositecorner.Iwonderedwhohecouldbeandwhathewouldbelike.Soonafterwardshecamein.Hewasthesortofmanyoumightmeet69，exceptthathewaswearing70goodclothesthatImadeupmymindthatwewouldnot71whoeverhewasanddidnotsay72AsIhadexpected,hedidnottalktomeeitherbutwenttobedimmediately.

　　IsupposeIsleptforseveralhoursbecausewhenIwokeupitwasalreadythemiddleofthenight.Ifeltcoldbutcovered73aswellasIcouldandtriestogobacktosleep.ThenIrealizedthata74wascomingfromthewindowopposite.IthoughtperhapsIhadforgotten75thedoor,soIgotup76thedoorbutfounditalreadylockedfromtheinside.Thecoldairwascomingfromthewindowopposite.Icrossedtheroomand77themoonshonethroughitontotheotherbed.78there.Ittookmeaminuteortwoto79thedoormyself.Irealizedthatmycompanion80throughthewindowintothesea.

　　61．A.reasonB．motiveC．causeD．sake

　　62．A.tiredenoughB．enoughtiredC．enoughtiringD．enoughtiring

　　63．A.isachievedB．finishC．isoverD．isintheend

　　64．A.quiteB．ratherC．fairlyD．somehow

　　65．A.arrivedinB．reachedtoC．arrivedtoD．reachedat

　　66．A.forseeingB．thatIsawC．atseeingD．tosee

　　67．A.beinglonelyB．tobelonelyC．beingaloneD．tobealone

　　68．A.likeB．asC．similarthanD．thesamethat

　　69．A.ineachplaceB．forallpartsC．somewhereD．anywhere

　　70．A.asoB．soC．suchaD．such

　　71．A.treattogetherwellB．passtogetherwell

　　C．getonwelltogetherD．gobywelltogether

　　72．A.himasinglewordB．himnotoneword

　　C．asinglewordtohimD．notonewordtohim

　　73．A.upmeB．upmyselfC．uptomyselfD．myselfup

　　74．A.draftB．voiceC．airD．sound

　　75．A.tocloseB．closingC．tohavetocloseD．forclosing

　　76．A.toshutB．forshuttingC．inshuttingD．butshut

　　77．A.whiledoinglikethatB．asIdidlikethat

　　C．asIdidsoD．atdoingso

　　78．A.ItwasnooneB．Therewasnoone

　　C．ItwasanyoneD．Therewasanyone

　　79．A.remindtolockB．remembertolock

　　C．remindlockingD．rememberlocking

　　80．A.hadtojumpB．wastohavejumped

　　C．musthavejumpedD．couldbejumped

4、定语从句

（1）

1.Theprofessorandherachievement___youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall

A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom

5.Thisisthebestbook___onthesubject.

A.whichthereisB.thatthereisC.whichisD.whatis

2.Idon’tsupposeanythinghappens___hedoesn’tforesee.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as

5、定语从句练习Unit1

（1）

15.Thisistheshop___Ioftenspeaktoyou.

A.whereB.whichC.ofwhichD.inwhich

16.Thisistheshop___Ioftenbuyfoodstuff.

A.whereB.whichC.ofwhichD.towhich

10.Therecan’tbeanylifeonVenus,___thetemperatureisashighas900F.

AwhichBwhenC.whereDthere

31.IhavekeptupafriendshipwithagirlwhoIwasatschool__twentyyearsago.

A.aboutB.sinceC.tillD.with

6、定语从句

（2）--三个重要的关系代词

3.Suchpeople__knowTomthoughthewasatrustworthyman.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.what

As引导定语从句：

eg.Heishonestasweknow.

Asweknowheishonest.

Passage1

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened1.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot2the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic3，followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe4oftheperiodical.

Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas13，withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage14increasing.

Passage13

Familieshavealso13changestheseyears．morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;14，childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16.

13．A.survivedB．noticedC．undertakenD．experienced

　　14．A.contrarilyB．consequentlyC．similarlyD．simultaneously

　　15．A.thanB．thatC．whichD．as

　　16．A.systemB．structureC．conceptD．heritage

2.Idon’tsupposeanythinghappens___hedoesn’tforesee.

A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as

3.Suchpeople__knowTomthoughthewasatrustworthyman.

A.thatB.whichC.asD.what

11.Thereason__hediedwaslackofmedicalcare.

A.whichBforthatCasDwhy

14.Wemayencountersituations___thisprinciplecannotbeapplied.

A.whereB.whichC.whatD.as

7、定语从句练习Unit1

（2）

10.Therecan’tbeanylifeonVenus,___thetemperatureisashighas900F.

AwhichBwhenC.whereDthere

25.Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds___hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.

A.whichtobaseonB.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhichD.whichtobebasedon

23.TheywillmoveintothenewhousenextFriday,____itwillbecompletelyfurnished.

A.bythetimeB.bywhichtime

C.bythattimeD.bythistime

20.Thequalityofteachingshouldbemeasuredbythedegree___thestudents’potentialityisdeveloped.

A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.inwhichD.towhich

26.Waterentersintoagreatvarietyofchemicalreactions,___havebeenmentionedinpreviouspages.

A.afewofB.afewofwhichC.afewofthatD.afewofthem

8、完形填空的出题方向

（1）

passage5

　　Areyoualwayssureyouknowwhatpeoplemeanwhentheytrytodescribetheirfeelingstoyou?

Weusebothwordsandgesturestoexpressourfeelings,buttheproblemisthethesewordsandgesturescanbeinterpretedindifferentways．

　　Itistruethatasmilemeansthesamethingsinanylanguage.So51laughterorcrying.Therearealsoanumberofstrikingsimilaritiesinthewaydifferentanimalsshowthe52feeling.Does,tigersandhumans,forexample,oftenshowtheirteethwhentheyareangry.Thisisprobably53suchbehaviorpatternsareinheritedratherthan54.

　　Fearisanotheremotionthatisshownin55thesamewayallovertheworld.InChineseandinEnglishfiction,aphraselikehewentpaleandbegantotremble'suggeststhatthemanis56veryafraidorhasjusthadaverynastyshock.However,'heopenedhiseyeswide'isusedtosuggestedangerinChinese57inEnglishitconveyssurprise.InChinesesurprisecanbedescribedinaphraselike'theystretched58theirtongues'．Stickingoutyourtonguein59isaninsultinggestureorexpressesdisgust．

　　Eveninthesame60,peoplediffer61theirabilitytointerpretandexpressfeelings.ExperimentsinAmericahaveshownthatwomenareusuallybetterthanmen62recognizingfear,anger,loveandhappinessonpeople'sfaces.Disgust,contemptandsufferingseemto63themostdifficultemotionsforpeopleeverywhereeithertorecognizeorto64．Otherstudieshave65thatolderpeopleusuallyfind66easiertointerpretbodylanguage（thewaypeoplestandormoveetc.）thanyoungerpeople67,andpsychologistssuchasE.G．Beierhavealsoshownthatsomepeoplefrequentlygivecompletelythewrongimpressionof68theyfeel.Forinstance,theytrytoshowaffectionbutinfactactuallycommunicatedislike.Orwhentheywanttoshowinterest,theygivetheimpressionthattheydon'tcare.Thiscanhappenevenamongclosefriendsandmembersofthesamefamily.In69words,whatwethinkwearecommunicatingthroughlanguage,voice,faceandbodymovementsmaybetheexact70ofwhatotherpeopleunderstand．

9、定语从句练习Unit1（3）

14.Wemayencountersituations___thisprinciplecannotbeapplied.

A.whereB.whichC.whatD.as

10、what从句的特点

9.____makesitratherdisturbingwasarbitrarycircumstancesbothofmyarrestandmysubsequentfateincourt.

A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Where

15.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoo___awildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.

A.whatB.asC.whichD.that

10.____,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment’seconomicpolicies.

A.Althoughnotbeinganeconomisthimself

B.Althoughnotaneconomisthimself

C.Althoughnothavingbeenaneconomisthimself

D.Althoughbeingnoaneconomisthimself

11、than引导定语从句的情况

7.Amicroscopecanrevealvastly__detailthanisvisibletothenakedeye.

A.thanB.thanmoreC.morethanD.more

6.Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthan___inthepublictoday.

A.existsB.existC.existingD.existed

….childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16.

15．A.thanB．thatC．whichD．as

12、as引导定语从句的情况

（1）

7.____,hestillretainedtheuseofallhisfaculties.

A.BecausehewasoldandweakB.Ashewasoldandsick

C.UnlesshewasoldandsickD.Oldandsickashewas

Althoughheisachild,hecanworkouttheproblem.

As引导倒装时，必须省冠词。

第三章：

完形填空的基本规则

1、完形填空出题方向

（2）

ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated61anongoingstruggleagainst62andindifferenceonthepartoftheAmericanmainstream,andastruggle63asanupwardmovementis64towardevermorejusticeandopportunity.

61．A.likeB.asC.forD.with

　　62．A.charityB.clarityC.cohesionD.oppression