届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练科教科普类1.docx

届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练科教科普类1.docx

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届高考英语一轮阅读理解热门话题针对训练科教科普类1

科教科普类

1、Youcanremembertheface,butcan‘tputanametoit.Manyofushavebeencaughtinthisembarrassingsituation.Butresearcherssayitisofteneasiertoremembersomeone'snamethanwhattheylooklike.

   Twenty-fourvolunteerswereshown40picturesofstrangers,pairedwithrandom（随机的）names.Theyweregiventimetomemorizethefacesandnamesbeforebeingtestedonwhichtheythoughttheyhadseenbefore.

   Theparticipantscouldrememberupto85percentofthenamesbutonly73percentofthefaces.Whentheywereshownadifferentpictureofthesameperson,theparticipantscouldrecallonly64percentoffaces,accordingtothestudy,ledbytheUniversityofYork.

   Thatmaybebecausefacesareonlyrecognizedvisually,whilenamescanbebothspokenandwrittendownsoappearinourvisualandaudiomemory.Whenpeoplewereshownfamouspeople,theyalsorememberedtheirnamesmoreaccuratelythantheirphotographs.Co-authorDrRobJenkins,fromtheuniversity'spsychologydepartment,said,"Ourstudysuggeststhat,whilemanypeoplemaybebadatrememberingnames,theyarelikelytobeevenworseatrememberingfaces.Thiswillsurprisemanypeopleasitisagainstourinitialunderstanding.Ourlifeexperienceswithnamesandfaceshavemisledusabouthowourmindswork."Rememberingnamesgetsharderwithage,leadingtomanyuncomfortablemomentsformiddle-agedpeoplewhentheyrunintoacquaintances.

   Buttostudywhethernamesarehardertorecallthanfaces,theresearchers,whosefindingsarepublishedintheQuarterlyJournalofExperimentalPsychology,useda“fairtest”wheretheparticipantswerepresentedwithstrangers’namesandfaces.

1.WhatcanweknowaccordingtotheresearchinParagraph3?

A.Itiscertainthatnamesarehardertorecallthanfaces.

B.Rememberingnamesismoreeasilythanrememberingfaces.

C.Mostparticipantscanrememberthefacenotthenametoit.

D.Theparticipantscanrecall73%facesofthesameperson.

2.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthoragreewith?

A.Agewillweakentheabilitytoremembernames.

B.Unlikefaces,namesareonlyrecognizedvisually.

C.Facescanappearinourvisualandaudiomemory.

D.RobJenkinshasprovedpeoplecanrememberfacesbetter.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“initial”inParagraph4mean?

A.Clear.B.Original.C.Unusual.D.Creative.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Peoplecannotrememberstrangers'namesandfaces.

B.Recallingnamesismoredifficultthanremembering

C.Theresearcherusesthesamemethodtostudyanotherproblem.

D.Whethernamesarehardertorecallthanfacesisfurtherproved.

2、Goingtobedatthesametimeeverynightcouldgiveyourchild'sbrainaboost,arecentstudyfound.

   ResearchersatUniversityCollegeLondonfoundthatwhen3-year-oldshavearegularbedtimetheyperformhelleroncognitive（认知的）testsadministeredatage7thanchildrenwhosebedtimesweren'tconsistent（一致的）.Thefindingsrepresentanewturn,comparedwiththeformerresearch,whichshowsthatinadequatesleepinchildrenandadolescentshurtsacademicperformancearidoverallhealth.

   Thelateststudyconsideredotherfactorsthatcaninfluencebedtimeandcognitivedevelopment,suchasskippingbreakfastandhavingatelevisionintheirbedroom.Afteraccountingforthese,thestudyfoundthatgoingtobedveryearlyorverylatedidn'taffectcognitiveperformance,solongasthebedtimewasconsistent.

   Thestudy,publishedonline,examineddataonbedtimesandcognitivescoresfor11,178children.Thesechildren,aged3,5and7,wereparticipantsintheU.K.'sMillenniumCohortStudy,anationallyrepresentativelong-termstudyofinfantsbornbetween2000and2001.

   Theresearcherssuggestedthathavinginconsistenibedtimesmayhurtachild'scognitivedevelopmentbydisturbingchildren'sregularsleepinghabits.Italsomightresultintheirlackofsleep,thusaffectingbraindevelopment.

   "Insufficientsleepandirregularbedtimesmayeachaffectcognitivedevelopmentthroughdifferentmechanisms（机制）,"Dr.Owenssaid."Thekidwhohasbothproblemsmayfaceanevenhigherriskofthesecognitiveinjuries.”

   Aconsistentpatternofsleepbehaviormattered."Thosewhohadirregularbedtimesatallthreeageshadsignificantlypoorerscoresthanthosewhohadregularbedtimes,"Dr.Sackersaid.Thiswasespeciallytrueforgirlswhodidn'testablishconsistentbedtimesbetween3and7yearsold.

1.Theformerresearchbelievesthat__________.

A.lackofsleepdoesharmtoacademicachievements

B.irregularbedtimeinfluencesbraindevelopment

C.goodcognitiveperformanceliesinthequalityofsleep

D.agesmakeadifferencetocognitivedevelopment

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Childrenofallagesareinvolvedinthestudy.

B.Goingtobedlateaffectscognitiveperformance.

C.Inconsistentbedtimehasahiggereffectongirlsthanboys.

D.Thestudywasconductedinternationally.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat__________.

A.theformerresearchistotallywrong

B.researchersconsidermanypossiblefactorswhenresearching

C.kidswithlackofsleeparelikelytosuffermorecognitiveinjuries

D.goingtobedearlydidn'taffectcognitiveperformance

4.What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.Adequatesleepdoescount.

B.Goingtobedearlygivesabrainaboost.

C.Consistentbedtimereallymatters.

D.Thereasonsforchildren'scognitivedevelopment.

3、Overthepasttwodecades,theMission:

ImpossiblefilmserieshasalwaysbeenconnectedwithTomCruise.Nomatterwhathappens,he'salwaysbeenEthanHunt,thestubbornagentwhoalwaysgives110percenttosecureotherpeople’ssafety,regardlessofhisown.

   Huntseizesasakindofactionhero,butthere’saninterestingchangein ;Impossible—GhostProtocol（2011）,thefourthmovieoftheseries.Init,Huntfacespersonalconsequencesforhisheroicacts,ashehastoleavehisbelovedwifeJuliabehindtosavetheworld.AndthisideacontinuesinMission:

Impossible——Fallout,whicharrivedinChinesemainlandcinemasonAug.31.

   Inthelatestfilmoftheseries,Hunt'sdilemmaisevenbiggerthanbefore,whenhe'sforcedtomakeachoicebetweensavingsomeonehelovesandtheentireworld.

   Thethemeofthe"moraldilemma",inwhichtheheromustchoosebetweentwoverydifficultoptions,iscommonincinema.

   CharacterslikeJamesBondandBatmanoftenfacemoraldilemmasoftheirown.BondisloyaltoBritainandsparesnoefforttofinisheverytask,butthisoftencomesatthecostoffollowingtherules.Formostpeople,killingsomeoneevenforagoodreasonisn'tacceptable.However,Bondhasonlytwochoicesinfrontofhim:

killhisenemiesorbekilled.

   DifferingfromBond,however,BatmanneverkillsasinglepersoninfilmTheDarkKnight（2008）.Herefusestobreakhisownmoralcode（准则）.Indeed,itseemsBatmanisadifferentkindofhero,onewhoputshisownmoralsaboveanythingelse.

   AsismentionedontheposterforFallout:

"Somemissionsarenotachoice",whichmeansthatgoodintentionsoftencomebacklohaunt（困扰）us.So,superheroeslikeEthanHuntandhisImpossibleMissionForceneedtomaketherightchoicebysavingtheworldagain.AsthecharacterBenjaminParker,Spider-Man'suncleinthemovieseries,wiselysaid,''Withgreatpowercomesgreatresponsibility."

1.WhoistheherointhefilmseriesMission:

Impossible?

A.BenjaminParker.B.JamesBond.C.Batman.D.EthanHunt.

2.Whatdothethreeactionheroesmentionedinthepassagehaveincommon?

A.Theyallkilltheirenemies.

B.Theyallhavethesamemoralcode.

C.Theyareallcruelandcold-blooded.

D.Theyareallstuckinmoraldilemmas.

3.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat ___________.

A.killingsomeoneforagoodreasonisacceptable

B.greatpowergoeshandinhandwithresponsibility

C.Mission:

Impossible——GhostProtocolwillbeoninChinasoon

D.GhostProtocoldoesn'thavethesamethemeasotherfilmsoftheseries

4.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.SuperheroesB.EthanHuntComingBack

C.MakingaHardChoiceD.TomCruiseWasCaughtinaDilemma

4、Honey（蜂蜜）fromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees'nest（巢）andtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper一alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.

   Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewax（蜂蜡）inthebeehives（蜂房）.Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpeopleasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.

   Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.

1.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees'nest?

A.It'ssmallinsize.B.It'shiddenintrees.