单片机英文参考文献.docx
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单片机英文参考文献
StructureandfunctionoftheMCS-51series
StructureandfunctionoftheMCS-51seriesone-chipcomputerMCS-51isanameofapieceofone-chipcomputerserieswhichIntelCompanyproduces.Thiscompanyintroduced8top-gradeone-chipcomputersofMCS-51seriesin1980afterintroducing8one-chipcomputersofMCS-48seriesin1976.Itbelongtoalotofkindsthislineofone-chipcomputerthechipshave,suchas8051,8031,8751,80C51BH,80C31BH,etc.,theirbasiccomposition,basicperformanceandinstructionsystemareallthesame.8051dailyrepresentatives-51serialone-chipcomputers.
Anone-chipcomputersystemismadeupofseveralfollowingparts:
(1)Onemicroprocessorof8(CPU).
(2)AtslicedatamemoryRAM(128B/256B),itusenotdeposittingnotcanreading/datathatwrite,suchasresultnotmiddleofoperation,finalresultanddatawantedtoshow,etc.(3)ProcedurememoryROM/EPROM(4KB/8KB),isusedtopreservetheprocedure,someinitialdataandforminslice.ButdoesnottakeROM/EPROMwithinsomeone-chipcomputers,suchas8031,8032,80C,etc..(4)Four8runsidebysideI/OinterfaceP0fourP3,eachmouthcanuseasintroduction,mayuseasexportingtoo.(5)Twotimer/counter,eachtimer/countermaysetupandcountintheway,usedtocounttotheexternalincident,cansetupintoatimingwaytoo,andcanaccordingtocountorresultoftimingrealizethecontrolofthecomputer.(6)Fivecutoffcuttingoffthecontrolsystemofthesource.(7)OneallduplexingserialI/OmouthofUART(universalasynchronousreceiver/transmitter(UART)),isitrealizeone-chipcomputerorone-chipcomputerandserialcommunicationofcomputertousefor.(8)Stretchoscillatorandclockproducecircuit,quartzcrystalfinelytuneelectriccapacityneedouter.Allowoscillationfrequencyas12megahertasnowatmost.Everytheabove-mentionedpartwasjoinedthroughtheinsidedatabus.Amongthem,CPUisacoreoftheone-chipcomputer,itisthecontrolofthecomputerandcommandcentre,madeupofsuchpartsasarithmeticunitandcontroller,etc..Thearithmeticunitcancarryon8personsofarithmeticoperationandunitALUoflogicoperationwhileincludingone,the1storingdevicetemporariliesof8,storingdevice2temporarily,8'saccumulationdeviceACC,registerBandprocedurestateregisterPSW,etc.PersonwhoaccumulateACCcountby2inputendsenteredofcheckingetc.temporarilyasoneoperationoften,comefrompersonwhostore1operationisitisitmakeoperationtogoontocounttemporarily,operationresultandloopbackACCwithanotherone.Inaddition,ACCisoftenregardedasthetransferstationofdatatransmissionon8051inside.Thesameasgeneralmicroprocessor,itisthebusiestregister.HelprememberingthatagreeingwithAexpressesintheorder.Thecontrollerincludestheprocedurecounter,theorderisdepositted,theorderdecipher,theoscillatorandtimingcircuit,etc.Theprocedurecounterismadeupofcounterof8fortwo,amountsto16.Itisabyteaddresscounteroftheprocedureinfact,thecontentisthenextIAthatwillcarriedoutinPC.Thecontentwhichchangesitcanchangethedirectionthattheprocedurecarriesout.Shakethecircuitin8051one-chipcomputers,onlyneedouterquartzcrystalandfrequencytofinelytunetheelectriccapacity,itsfrequencyrangeisits12MHZof1.2MHZ.Thispulsesignal,as8051basicbeatsofworking,namelytheminimumunitoftime.8051isthesameasothercomputers,theworkinharmonyunderthecontrolofthebasicbeat,justlikeanorchestraaccordingtothebeatplaythatiscommanded.
ThereareROM(procedurememory,canonlyread)andRAMin8051slices(datamemory,canisitcanwrite)twotoread,theyhaveeachindependentmemoryaddressspace,disposewaytobethesamewithgeneralmemoryofcomputer.Procedure8051memoryand8751sliceprocedurememorycapacity4KB,addressbeginfrom0000H,usedforpreservingtheprocedureandformconstant.Data8051-87518031ofmemorydatamemory128B,addressfalse00FH,useformiddleresulttodepositoperation,thedataarestoredtemporarilyandthedataarebufferedetc..InRAMofthis128B,thereisunitof32bytesesthatcanbeappointedasthejobregister,thisandgeneralmicroprocessorisdifferent,8051sliceRAMandjobregisterrankoneformationthesametoarrangethelocation.ItisnotverythesamethatthememoryofMCS-51seriesone-chipcomputerandgeneralcomputerdisposesthewayinaddition.Generalcomputerforfirstaddressspace,ROMandRAMcanarrangeindifferentspacewithintherangeofthisaddressatwill,namelytheaddressesofROMandRAM,withdistributingdifferentaddressspaceinaformation.Whilevisitingthememory,correspondingandonlyanaddressMemoryunit,canROM,itcanbeRAMtoo,andbyvisitingtheordersimilarly.ThiskindofmemorystructureiscalledthestructureofPrinceton.8051memoriesaredividedintoprocedurememoryspaceanddatamemoryspaceonthephysicsstructure,therearefourmemoryspacesinall:
Theprocedurestoresinoneanddatamemoryspaceoutsidedatamemoryandoneinprocedurememoryspaceandoneoutsideone,thestructureformsofthiskindofproceduredeviceanddatamemoryseparatedformdatamemory,calledHarvardstructure.Butusetheanglefromusers,8051memoryaddressspaceisdividedintothreekinds:
(1)Intheslice,arrangeblocksofFFFFH,0000Hoflocation,inunisonoutsidetheslice(use16addresses).
(2)Thedatamemoryaddressspaceoutsideoneof64KB,theaddressisarrangedfrom0000H64KBFFFFH(with16addresses)tootothelocation.(3)Datamemoryaddressspaceof256B(use8addresses).Threeabove-mentionedmemoryspaceaddressesoverlap,fordistinguishinganddesigningtheordersymbolofdifferentdatatransmissionintheinstructionsystemof8051:
CPUvisitslice,ROMorderspendMOVC,visitblockRAMorderusesMOVXoutsidetheslice,RAMorderusesMOVtovisitinslice.
8051one-chipcomputerhavefour8walkabreastI/Oport,callP0,P1,P2andP3.Eachportis8accuratetwo-waymouths,accountsfor32pinsaltogether.EveryoneI/Olinecanbeusedasintroductionandexportedindependently.Eachportincludesalatch(namelyspecialfunctionregister),oneexportsthedriverandaintroductionbuffer.Makedatacanlatchwhenoutputting,datacanbufferwhenmakingintroduction,butfourfunctionofpasswaytheseself-same.fourportthesemayserveasaccuratetwo-waymouthofI/Oincommonuse.Expandamongthesystemofmemoryoutsidehavingslice,P2mouthseehigh8addressoff;P0mouthisatwo-waybus,sendtheintroductionof8lowaddressesanddata/exportintimesharing
Outputgrade,P3ofmouth,P1ofmouth,connectwithinsidehaveloadresistanceofdrawing,everyoneoftheycandrive4ModelLSTTLloadtooutput.Aswhileinputtingthemouth,anyTTLorNMOScircuitcandriveP1of8051one-chipcomputersasP3mouthinanormalway.Becausedrawresistanceonoutputgradeofthemhave,canopenawaycollectortooordrain-sourceresistanceisiturgetoopenaway,donotneedtohavetheresistanceofdrawingouterly.Mouthsareallaccuratetwo-waymouthstoo.Whentheconductisinput,mustwritethecorrespondingportlatchwith1first.Asto80C51one-chipcomputer,portcanonlyoffermilliampereofoutputelectriccurrents,isitoutputmouthgowhenurgingoneordinarybasingoftransistortoregardas,shouldcontactaresistanceamongtheportandtransistorbase,inordertotheelectricitywhilerestrainingthehighlevelfromexportingP1~P3Beingrestoredtothethroneistheoperationofinitializingofanone-chipcomputer.ItsmainfunctionistoturnPCinto0000Hinitially,maketheone-chipcomputerbegintoholdtheconductprocedurefromunit0000H.Exceptthattheonesthatenterthesystemareinitializednormally,asbecauseprocedureoperateitmakemistakesoroperatetherearen'tmistake,inordertoextricateoneselffromapredicament,needtobepressedandrestoredtothethronethekeyrestartingtoo.Itisaninputendwhichisrestoredtothethronethesignalin8051ChinaRSTpin.Restoretothethronesignalhighleveleffective,shouldsustain24shakecycle(namely2machinecycles)theaboveitseffectivetimes.If6offrequencyofutilizationbrillianttoshake,restoretothethronesignaldurationshouldexceed4delicatetofinishrestoringtothethroneandoperating.Producethelogicpictureofcircuitwhichisrestoredtothethronethesignal:
Restoretothethronethecircuitandincludetwopartsoutsideinthechipentirely.Outsidethatcircuitproducetorestoretothethronesignal(RST)handovertoSchmitt'strigger,restoretothethronecircuitsampletooutput,SchmittoftriggerconstantlyineachS5P2,machineofcycleinhavingonemore,thenjustgotandrestoredtothethroneandoperatedthenecessarysignalinsidly.Restoretothethroneresistanceofcircuitgenerally,electriccapacityparametersuitablefor6brillianttoshake,canisitrestoretothethronesignalhighleveldurationgreaterthan2machinecyclestoguarantee.Beingrestoredtothethroneinthecircuitissimple,itsfunctionisveryimportant.Piecesofone-chipcomputersystemcouldnormalrunning,shouldfirstcheckitcanrestoretothethronenotsucceeding.Checkingandcanpopone'sheadandmonitorthepinwiththeoscillographtentatively,pushandisrestoredtothethronethekey,thewaveformthatobservesandhasenoughrangeisexported(instantaneous),canalsothroughisitrestoretothethronecircuitgroupholdingvaluecarryontheexperimenttochange.
译文
51系列单片机的功能和结构
MCS51电脑芯片的结构和功能。
MSC51是因特尔公司生产的一系列电脑芯片的名称。
这家公司在1976年推出了一款8级的电脑芯片MCS48