连续油管专业词典.docx
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连续油管专业词典
Abandon:
Toceaseproducingoilorgasfromawellwhenitbecomesunprofitabletoproduce.
Accelerator:
Achemicalthatreducesthesettingtimeofacementslurry.
AccumulatorPrecharge:
Aninitialnitrogenchargeinanaccumulatorwhichisfurthercompressedwhenthehydraulicfluidispumpedintotheaccumulatorstoringpotentialenergy.
Accumulator:
Apressurevesselchargedwithnitrogengasandusedtostorehydraulicfluidunderpressureforoperationofpressurecontrolequipment.
AcidFracture:
Toopencracksinproductivehard-limestoneformationsbyusingacombinationofacidandoiloracidandwaterunderhighpressure.
AcidTreatment:
Amethodbywhichpetroleumbearingformationsareputintocontactwithanacidtoenlargetheporespacesandpassagesthroughwhichthereservoirfluidsflow.
Acre-foot:
Aunitofvolumeoftenusedinreservoiranalysis,equivalenttothevolumeoffluidnecessarytocoveroneacretoadepthofonefoot.
Additive:
Asubstanceorcompoundaddedinsmallamountstoalargervolumeofanothersubstancetochangesomecharacteristicofthelatter.
Admix:
toaddonematerialtoanotherbymixing.
Alkali:
anybaseorhydroxidehavingthefollowingproperties:
(1)solubilityinwater,
(2)thepowerofneutralizingacids,and(3)thepropertyofalteringthetintofmanycoloringmatters.
AmericanPetroleumInstitute:
theleadingstandardizingorganizationonoilfielddrillingandproducingequipment;abbreviatedAPI.
Anchor:
Anydevicethatsecuresoffastensequipmentsoitcannotmove.
Annularspace:
Thespacearoundapipeinawellbore,sometimescalledtheannulus,theouterwallofwhichmaybethewallofeitherthecasingorthehole.
Annulus:
(seeannularspace)
API:
(seeAmericanPetroleumInstitute)
AWRodThread:
Aparallelthreadwiththreethreadsperinch(3TPI)similartotheBWTHREAD
B.O.S.S.:
Tool:
BallOperatedShearSub,aballoperatedhydraulicreleasetool.Thistoolisusedtoreleasethecoiledtubingfromthebottomholeassemblyifitwastobecomestuck.
BackOff:
Tounscrewonethreadedpiecefromanother.(asasectionofpipe)
BackUp:
Toholdonesectionofanobjectwhileanotherisbeingscrewedintooroutofit.
Bacteria:
Alarge,widelydistributedgroupoftypicallyone-celledmicro-organisms.
Bactericide:
Anythingthatdestroysbacteria.
Bails:
Adevicemadeofcylindricalsteelbarsthatsupportstheelevatorsandconnectsthemtothetravelingblock.Incementingoperationsasingleunitofhighpressureironmadeupoftwoswivelsandshortpiecesofirondesignedtobeextremelyflexible.
BalancePoint:
Footageofcoiledtubingintheholewherethebuoyedweightofthetubingisequaltothewellpressureactingagainstthecross-sectionalarea.Note,thisisastaticconditionwiththepipefulloffluidanddoesnotincludefrictionalforcesofthestripperassemblyand/orpiperams,ifengaged.
BalancedPlug:
amethodofplacingaplug:
Preflush,cementslurry,andspacerfluidaredisplaceddownthedrillpipeortubingwithmuduntilthecementlevelisaboutequalintheannulusanddrillpipeortubing.Thepipeisthenpulled,leavingtheplug"balanced"inplace.
BallSealers:
Ballsmadeofnylon,hardrubber,acombinationofbothorbio-degradableproducts,designedtoshutoffperforations.
Ballooning:
Theincreaseindiameteranddecreaseinlengthoftubingduetotheeffectsoftemperaturechange,cyclingorhighinternalpressure.
BananaBlade:
AdesignofunderreamerbladethatenablesreaminginbothRIHandPOOHmode.Thenamereflectstheshapeandthedesignminimizestheriskofbecomingstuckduetooverlyingdebris.
Barrel:
Ameasureofvolumeforpetroleumproducts.Onebarrelisequivalentto42U.S.gallons.
Batch:
Aspecificquantityofmaterialthatistreated,processedorusedinoneoperation.
Bc:
(seeBeardenunitofconsistency).
Beardenunitofconsistency:
astandardvalueofmeasurementonthefirmnessofacementslurry;abbreviatedBc.
BendingCycle:
Theactofstraighteningorbendingcoiledtubing.OnebendingcycleforthepurposeofCYCLEactuallyincludessixsuchbends,off,andthenbackontotheworkreel.
BHCT:
(seebottom-holecirculatingtemperature).
BHP:
(seeBottomholepressure)
BHST:
(seebottom-holestatictemperature).
BHT:
Bottomholetemperature
BlindRams:
Ramswhoseendsarenotintendedtosealagainstanycoiledtubing.Thesealagainsteachothertoeffectivelyclosethehole.
Blowout:
Anuncontrolledflowofpressurizedwellborefluidsand/orformationfluidsfromthewellboreorintolowerpressuredsubsurfacezones(undergroundblowout).Ablowoutoccurswhenformationpressureisgreaterthanthepressureappliedtoitbythecolumnoffluidsinthewellbore.
BoilingPoint:
Thetemperatureatwhichthevaporpressureoftheliquidequalsthatofthesurroundinggasorvapor.
Bond:
Thestateofonematerialadheringorbeingjoinedtoanothermaterial.(ascementtoformation)
Boot:
ThebootprovidesasolidconnectionfrombarewirestotheKEMLONPINintheSWBPVbulkhead.Itconsistsofagoldplatedpincrimpedtothewire.ATeflonsleevetoprotectthepinandarubberboottocoverandsealtheconnection.
BOP:
Blowoutpreventer
Bottom-holeCirculatingPressure:
thepressureatthebottomofawellduringcirculationofanyfluid.Itisequaltothehydrostaticheadplustheannularfrictionlossrequiredtopumpthefluidtothesurfaceplusanybackpressureheldatthesurface.
Bottom-holeCirculatingTemperature:
thetemperatureofanyfluidatthebottomofawellwhileitisbeingcirculated;abbreviatedBHCT.
Bottom-holeFracPressure:
Thepressurerequiredattheformationfacetoruptureorfracturetherock.
Bottom-holePressure:
Thepressureinawellatapointoppositetheproducingformationasrecordedbyabottomholepressurerecorder.
Bottom-holeStaticPressure:
thepressureatthebottomofawellafterthewellisshutinlongenoughtoreflectambientformationpressure.
Bottom-holeStaticTemperature:
thetemperatureattainedatthebottomofawellafterthewellisshutin;abbreviatedBHST.
BottomsUp:
Acompletetripfromthebottomofthewellboretosurface.
BradenheadSqueeze:
theprocessbywhichhydraulicpressureisappliedtoawelltoforcefluidorcementoutsidethewellbore.
Bradenhead:
casinghead.
BreakCirculation:
Thepointatwhichcirculationisestablishedinawell.Pumpingdowntheworkstringandreturningthroughtheannulustothesurface.
BreakdownPressure:
theamountofpressureneededatthewellheadtorupturetheformationinafracturetreatmentorasqueezejob.
Breaker:
Achemicaladdedtoafracfluid.Usedtodegradethegelandchangeitfromahighviscositytoalowviscosityfluidtoallowforbetterflowback.
Bridgeplug:
Adownholetoolthatisrunandsetincasingtoisolatealowerzone.
Bridge:
Anobstructioninthewellboreortubularsinawell.
BridgingMaterial:
fibrous,flaky,orgranularmaterialaddedtoacementslurryordrillingfluidtoaidinsealingformationsinwhichlostcirculationhasoccurred.
Brine:
Waterthathasalargeamountofsaltdissolvedinit.
BullheadSqueeze:
methodofforcingwellfluidintoaformationaheadofthecementtocontaintheapplicationpressure.
Bullhead:
Anypumpingprocedureinwhichfluidispumpedintothewellagainstpressure.
Bumped:
Incementingoperations,pertainingtothepointatwhichthecementplugcomestorestonthefloatcollar.
Buoyancy:
theapparentlossofweightofanobjectimmersedinafluid.
BWRodThread:
Aparallelthreadwiththreethreadsperinch(3TPI)similartotheAWTHREAD.Thethreadissquarecutandisusedinapplicationsof1.75"ODthreadorgreater.
CarbonateRock:
Asedimentaryrockprimarilycomposedofcalciumcarbonate(limestone)orcalciummagnesiumcarbonate(dolomite)whichoftenmakeupourpetroleumreservoirs.
CasingCementingTemperature:
thetemperatureofacementslurrywhileitisbeingdisplacedatthemaximumcementingdepthinacasingcementingoperation.
CasingCementing:
thepracticeoffillingtheannulusbetweencasingandholewithcementtopreventfluidmigrationbetweenpermeablezonesandtosupportthecasing.
Casing:
steelpipeplacedinawellboreasdrillingprogressestopreventthewalloftheholefromcavinginduringdrilling,toprovideprotectionforsubsequentcasingortubingstringsandtoprovideameansofextractingpetroleumifthewellisproductive.
CasingHead:
aheavy,flangedsteelfittingthatconnectstothefirststringofcasingandprovidesahousingfortheslipsandpackingassembliesbywhichintermediatestringsofcasingaresuspendedandtheannulussealedoff[alsocalledaspool].
CementCasing:
Tofilltheannulusbetweencasingandopenholewithcementtosupportthecasingandpreventmigrationoffluidsorgasbetweenpermeablezones.
CementChanneling:
therisingofcementbetweenthecasingandtheboreholewallwhentheslurryfailstoriseuniformlythroughouttheannulus.
CementPlug:
aportionofcementplacedatsomepointinthewellboretosealit.
CementRetainer:
atoolsettemporarilyinthecasingorwelltopreventthepassageofcement1therebyforcingittofollowanotherdesignatedpath.Itisusedinsqueezecementingandotherremedialcementingjobs.
CementSystem:
thecombinationofmaterialswhichmakeupanoil-wellcementslurrychanneling(seecementchanneling).
Cement:
apowdermadeoflimestone,clay,andsomeothermaterialsusedasmortarandconcrete.
CementingBasket:
acollapsibleorfoldingmetalconethatfitsagainstthewallsofthewellboretopreventthefallingofcement.
Cementing:
theapplicationofaliquidslurryofcementandwatertovariouspointsinsideoroutsidethecasing.
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