最新上海高考英语一模阅读理解C汇编.docx

最新上海高考英语一模阅读理解C汇编.docx

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最新上海高考英语一模阅读理解C汇编

上海高考英语题型训练:

阅读理解C

2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingthreepassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（C）

松江

Thenewspapermustprovideforthereaderthefacts,pure,unprejudiced,objectivelyselectedfacts.Butinthesedaysofcomplexnewsitmustprovidemere:

itmustsupplyinterpretation,themeaningofthefacts.ThisisaveryimportantassignmentfacingAmericanjournalists一tomakecleartothereadertheproblemsoftheday,tomakeinternationalnewsunderstandableascommunitynews,torecognizethatthereisnolongeranysuchthingas"local”news,becauseanyeventintheinternationalareahasalocalreactioninthefinancialmarket,politicalcircles,interms,indeed,ofourverywayoflife.Thereisinjournalismawidespreadviewthatwhenyoustartaninterpretation,youareenteringdangerouswaters,therushingtidesofopinion.Thisisnonsense.

Theopponentsofinterpretationinsistthatthewriterandtheeditorshalllimitthemselvestothe“facts".Thisinsistenceraisestwoquestions:

Whatarethefacts?

Arethebarefactsenough?

Asforthefirstquestion,considerhowaso-called"factual"storyconicsabout.Thereportercollects,say,fiftyfacts;outofthesefifty,hisspacebeingnecessarilyrestricted,heselectsthetenwhichheconsidersmostimportant.ThisisJudgmentNumberOne.Thenheorhiseditordecideswhichofthesetenfactsshallmakeupthebeginningofthearticle,whichisanimportantdecisionbecausemanyreadersdonotproceedbeyondthefirstparagraph.ThisisJudgmentNumberTwo.Thentherighteditordetermineswhetherthearticleshallbepresentedonpageone,whereithasalargeinfluence,oronpagetwentyfour,whereithaslittle.JudgmentNumberThree.

Thusinthepresentationofaso-called“factual”or''objective”,story,atleastthreejudgmentsareinvolved.Andtheyarejudgmentsnotatallunlikethoseinvolvedininterpretation,inwhichreportersandeditors,callingupontheirresearchresources,theirgeneralbackground,andtheir"newsneutralism",arriveataconclusionastothesignificanceofthenews.

Thetwoareasofjudgment,presentationofthenewsanditsinterpretation,arcbothobjectiveandsubjectiveprocesses.Ifaneditorisdeterminedtogiveaprejudicedviewofthenews,hecandoitinotherwaysandmoreeffectivelythanbyinterpretation.Hecandoitbytheselectionofthosefactsthatsupporthisparticularviewpoint.Orhecandoitbytheplacehegivesastory一promotingittopageoneordraggingittopagethirty.

63.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Ifareportermakesclearthefactshewrites,hewillnodoubtgetintotrouble.

B.Journalistsmustselectfactsobjectivelytomakecurrenteventscleartothereaders.

C.ThemostimportanttaskofreportersisIoprovideunprejudicedfactsforthereaders.

D.Forreporters,interpretationoffactsisnolessimportantthanpresentationofthefacts.

64.Thebeginningofthearticleshouldpresentthemostimportantfactbecause.

A.itwillinfluencethereadertocontinue

B.mostreadersreadonlythefirstparagraph

C.itdetailsthegeneralattitudeofthewriter

D.it'sthebestwaytowriteaccordingtotheschoolsofjournalism

65.Whereastoryispresentedinanewspapershows.

A.theeditor'sprejudice

B.thereporter'sbackground

C.thestory'sfactualmatter

D.thestory'seffectonthereaders

66.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexpresstheauthor'sattitudetowardobjectiveness?

A.Objectivenessiscontrolledbyeditorsratherthanwriters.

B.Properlychoosingfactspreparesasolidgroundforobjectiveness.

C.Hedoesn'tthinkthereexistscompleteobjectivenessinnewswriting.

D.Tomakeclearthenewsisawaytobeobjectiveandresponsibleforthereaders.

黄浦

Riskissomethingwefacedaily.However,somepeopleareobviouslymorewillingtotakerisksthanothers.

Biologistsappeartohavediscoveredaphysicalreasonthatexplainswhysomepeoplearerisk-takers.Dopamineisaneurotransmitter,achemicalthatspreadssignalsbetweennervecells.Itislinkedtothebrainsrewardsystemandisthechemicalthatmakesusfeelgood,andscientistsbelieveittobeinkedtorisk-taking.Ournervecellshavedopaminereceptors（接收器）whichcontroltheamountofdopaminethateachcellreceives.Butnotallreceptorsmaybeactive.Whenapersonhadfewactivereceptorstocontroltheamountofdopaminethatisreceived,acellcanbecomefloodedresultinginanextremefeelingofhappiness.

ResearchersatVanderbiltUniversityandAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineasked34menandwomentocompleteaquestionnaireabouttheirrisktakingtoassesswhethertheyseeknewopportunitiesorarecautiousinlife.Theresultsoftheresearchwereconsistentwithsimilarstudiescarriedoutwithrats,andhadthesameoutcome.Itconcludedthatpeoplewhoarerisk-takershavefewerdopaminereceptorsthanpeoplewhoarenot.Thissuggeststhattherushofpleasurearisktakerreceiveswhenacellbecomesfloodedwithdopaminecanbecomeaddictiveforsomepeople.Theythereforepursuenewandexcitingactivitiesinordertotrytorepeatthisfeeling,andasaresulttheirconcernforriskbecomesconsiderablereduced.

Dopaminegivesusabiologicalreasonforrisk-taking,butscientistsbelievetheremaybepsychologicalreasonstoo.Sensation-seekingisapersonalitycharacteristicthatdescribesthedesiretofindactivitiesthatbringuspleasure.In1964,psychologistMarvinZuckermancreatedthesensation-seekingscale.His40-itemquestionnaire,stillusedtoday,wasgiventopeoplewhowereactiveinseekingnewactivities,andtopeoplewhoweremoresatisfiedwithaquietlife.Whilerisk-takingisnotacharacteristicinitself,itisverymuchassociatedwithsensation-seeking,asahighsensation-seekerdoesnotevaluateriskinthesamewaythatalowsensation-seekerdoes.adesiretoachievepleasuremeansthatthereisagreaterwillingnesstotakemorerisks.

Therearebothbiologicalandpsychologicalexplanationsastowhysomepeoplemaychoosetotakemorerisksthanothers.However,noneoftheseexplanationsaredefinitive.

63.Ifapersonhasfeweractivedopaminereceptors.________.

A.heislesslikelytofeelhappy

B.heismorewillingtotakerisks

C.hewilleventuallybecomedopamine-addictive

D.heispooreratcontrollingtheamountofdopamine

64.Theunderlinedphrase“consistentwith”isclosestto“________”inmeaning.

A.contrarytoB.inagreementwithC.atthecostofD.persistentin

65.Whatcanbeconcludedfromparagraph4?

A.Thelongingforpleasuremayleadtorisktaking.

B.Awillingnesstotakemoreriskscanbecultivated.

C.Thesensation-seekingscalecanhelptoevaluaterisk.

D.Highsensation-seekersaremorecommonthanlowones.

66.Thispassagemainlytalksabout________.

A.whenwelearntotakerisksB.howrisk-takingbenefitsus

C.whatmakesrisk-takersD.whyweshouldtakerisks

虹口

Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbyregulatedindustriesandlibertarianthinktanks（自由主义智囊团）whoseinterestsandbeliefsarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings,fromthestructureoftheuniversetotherelativityoftimeandspace.

Quotingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Whatistypicallydeclaredtobethescientificmethod--developasupposition,thendesignanexperimenttotestit--isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisactivesothatnewmethodsgetinventedandoldonesgetabandoned.Thescientificmethoddoesn’talwayswork.Falsetheoriescanproducetrueresults,soevenifanexperimentworks,itdoesn’tprovethatthetheoryitwasdesignedtotestittrue.

Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethod,thenwhatistheguaranteefortrustinscience?

Theansweristhemethodsbywhichthoseclaimsareevaluated.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalongprocessofexaminationbyfellowscientists.Untilthispoint,scientificfeedbackistypicallyfairlyfriendly.Butthenextstepisdifferent:

oncethepaperisready,itispresentedtoascientificjournal,wherethingsgetawholelottougher.Editorsdeliberatelysendscientificpaperstopeoplewhoarenotfriendsorcolleaguesoftheauthors,andthejoboftherevieweristofinderrorsorotherinadequacies.Wecallthisprocess“peerreview”becausethereviewersarescientificpeersbuttheyactintheroleofasuperiorwhohasboththerightandtheobligationtofindfault.Itisonlyafterthereviewersandtheeditoraresatisfiedthatanyproblemshavebeenfixedthatthepaperisacceptedforpublicationandentersthebodyof“science.”

Doesthisprocessevergowrong?

Ofcourse.Scientistsarehuman.Butifwelookcarefullyathistoricalcaseswheresciencewentwrong,typicallytherewasnoagreementreachedbyall.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical（矛盾的）:

thatscienceproducesbothnovelty（新颖性）andstability.Newobservations,