项目管理面试常见 问题及答案.docx

项目管理面试常见 问题及答案.docx

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项目管理面试常见问题及答案

项目管理面试常见问题及答案（Frequentlyaskedquestionsandanswersinprojectmanagementinterview）

Theproblemisorganizedasfollows:

1.knowledgeofprojectmanagementsoftwaretools,

2.techniquesforpreparingprojectplans,

3.peoplemanagementskills

4.communicationskills

5.principlessystemknowledge（lifecycleandprojectmanagement）.

Knowledgeofprojectmanagementsoftwaretools

Question1:

whatisthedifferencebetweenthedurationoftheprojectandtheworkload?

Answer1:

durationisthenumberofdaysonthebusiness/calendar,independentofnumberandworkload.Workloadisthejobofpeoplewhohavenothingtodowithcalendardays.Suchas:

Theworkloadofadayistwodaysforapersonwhospends50%ontime.Iftwopeopleworkfull-time,thedurationis1days,andtheworkloadistwoworkingdays.

Question2:

howandwhyshouldweconsiderdependencieswhencompilingprojectplans?

Answer2:

dependingonthepackageused,dependenciescanberepresentedbylinkingtheidentifiersofthetasksandtheirsubsequenttasks.Dependenciesillustraterequirementsforassociation/juxtapositionbetweentasks.Dependencycanmeanthatataskmustbecompletedbeforeanothertaskcanbegin.Forexample,alogicalmodelmustbecompletedbeforethephysicalmodel.Butthetestdoesnotstartafteralltheprogramminghasbeencompleted,andiftheprogramisnotcompleted,ithasnoeffectonthelineartest.

Byaddingdependenciestotheprojectplan,youcanfindthekeypathoftheprojectanddetermineitsimpactontheprojectduration.

Question3:

howdoyoucombinethepaceofworkwithyourplans?

Answer3:

accordingtothespecifictoolsusedbyorganizations,youcansplitresourcesintosmallerresources/units,oryoucansplittasksintosmallertasks.

Question4:

howdoyoucombinetraining,holidays,andpersonaleducationalschedules?

Answer4:

eachproducthasacompany/globalcalendarindicatingthenumberofdayswithoutwork.Eachproductalsohasapersonalresourcecalendarthatindicatesthetimethatindividualdoesnotwork.Ifprojectsneededucationandtraining,theyshouldbewrittenonprojectplansliketasks.

Question5:

howdoyouarrangesimilarstatusmeetingsthroughouttheproject,butonlywithminimaltimeandeffort?

Answer5:

itwillbeaslongasthewholeproject,andthepercentageoftheworkisverysmall.Eachpersonassignedtothetaskspendsaverylowpercentageofhistimeonthetask.

Question6:

whatisthevalueofthelivereportontheplanandtheactualcomparisonwiththeoriginalestimate?

Answer6:

accordingtothespecifictoolsusedbytheorganization,eachtoolinputsindependentelement/domaininformationforthelivereport.Youcanalsocategorizereportstoillustrateteammembersandotherrelatedgroupsaboutchangesincriticalpathsortimelines.Thesereportsarevaluabletotheachievedworkevaluationsandasinputstothenextprojectorphaseoftheproject.Anothervaluableuseforcomparingestimatesandlivereportsistorecordtheimpactofscopechangesontheproject.

Skillsinprojectplanning

Question7:

whydoyoumakeaprojectplan?

Answer7:

projectplanisaroadmaptoachieveasuccessfulsystem.Itprovidesameanstoinformeveryonewhattheywantthemtodoandwhentheywillfinish.Ithelpsprojectmanagerstoenablemanagement,businessusersandsupportgroupstounderstandprojectstatusandtoadjustspecialresources.Alistofitemsitemizedtoassistinaquickassessmentoftheimpactofanychange.Whenthelivereportislinkedtotheplan,theprojectplanprovidesusefulinformationfortaskdelineationandestimationoffutureprojects.

Question8:

howwillyouproceedwiththeprojectplan?

Answer8:

processplanningisanart.Basedontheknownfactsaboutthebusinessobjectives,thecompany'sgeneralstandards,andthepastexperiencethatcanbeused.Youcanstartwithacleardefinitionofscopeandgoals.Documenttherisksandconstraintsoftheproject.Poorestimatesstemfromalackofunderstandingofbusinessknowledgeandscopeoftheproject.Youcanstartwiththeprojecttaskdecomposition,forexample,dividethephasesfirst,

Thendefinetheactivitiesofeachphaseanddefinethetasksineachactivity.Identifyanddocumentmilestonesanddeliverables.Theprojectplanisalifefilethatisconstantlyrefinedwheninformationbecomesavailable.Agoodtrackrecordofprogressisbeneficialtoprojectmanagers,developmentteams,supportteams,andmanagement,businessusers.

Question9:

howareyougoingtoworkouttheprojectplan?

Answer9:

enterthedefinedtaskundertheappropriateactivitiesandphasesorothergeneralizationsofthestandarddescription.Linkappropriatedeliverablesandmilestoneswithspecifictasks.Connectalltasksthatdependontheassociation.Addaresource,role,orresourcenametoeachtask.Applicationofmetricsresultsindeterminingthepriortaskworkload,placingmoretimeonrequirementscollection,design,andtesting.Considerallknownholidays,training,vacations,orotherresources,downtime.Thedraftplanwillbereviewedtogetherwithsupportgroups,managementandbusinessusersascomplementaryinputsandfinalapproval.

Question10:

howtodeterminepersonnelneeds?

Answer10:

planningdevelopmentwithoutconsideringresourceconstraints.Nexttothetask,addrolessuchasdatamodelmakers,businessanalysts,andusers.Pluscomplementaryresourcesthatoverlaptasks.Intheplan,considerthedevelopmentteam,includingthesupportteamandtheuserrepresentatives,losingoneormoreresources,adding15%margintoeachtask.Tomaketheprojectteameasiertounderstand,itisnecessarytoexplainthetechnicalleveloftherole.

Question11:

whatisthevalueofmeasuringstandardsforprojects?

Answer11:

ifusedproperly,measurementstandardsareavaluabletool.Theyprovidemethodsformeasuringthecomplexityandworkloadofdevelopingsystems.Themeasurementresultsprovidetheinformationinputresourcesfortheprojectplanandthevaluablehistoricalinformationtodeterminethedirectionofdevelopment.Softwaremeasurementstandardswillhelpdevelopbettersoftware.However,itisbettertohave3yearsofhistoricalinformation.

Question12:

howdoyouapplynewtechniquestoyourplan?

Answer12:

inadditiontoincreasingtrainingtasks,toexpandtheworkload,reduceeachunitofwork.Inadditiontoevaluatingtheimpactofnewtechnologyondevelopment,additionalprototypesandcheckpoints（LiChengbei）areadded.

Peoplemanagementskills

Question13:

whatisthefirstthingyoushoulddoasaprojectmanager?

Answer13:

inadditiontotheattentionofthedevelopmentdirectionofthecompanyandfindtheirownpathofdevelopmentfromtheoutside,inthemindtoestablishaprojectmanagerisconcernedaboutthethings（business,company,projectteam,individual,technicalandmethodologicalchangesintheorderofpriority）.Asaresult,meetingswithdepartmentmanagersdeterminepriorities,arrangemeetingsofusersandstaff,andreceivestatusreportsandevaluationsofallmembers.Theimportantthingistodealwithbusiness,projectandpersonalmattersassoonaspossible.

Question14:

howwillyoustartyourcompanyprojectwhenyourstaffisreducedby30%?

Answer14:

first,determineandprioritizetheproject,whichprojectsmustbecompletedinthenext18months.Associatetheabsoluteminimumtotalnumberwitheachitem.Explaintheimpactonthescheduletomanagersandusers.Sincebothmaybereluctanttoacceptchangesinschedules,youmaybeabletogivesomeexceptions.

Losingconsultantsisbetterthangettingridofanemployee.Consultantsforeachprojectmaybereplacedbyemployees.Adheretothelearningcurvetheoryandgraduallyreducethenumberofconsultants.Someconsultantscanbecutfromoneweekto2or3daysaweekinordertocopewithcutbacks.

Ifthecompanyhasalistofearlyretirementbills,lookforqualifiedandapplicableemployees.Remember,youmaylosevaluableknowledgeifyouloseanoldman.Trytocombineaquickretiringpersonwithabeginner.

Tomeetthebusinessobjectives,determinetheimportanceoftheremainingstaffandtheirimportanceineachproject.

Theproportionofnovicesandexperiencedpersonnelisappropriate.Botharetheassetsthatensurethecontinuedsuccessoftheprojectandthecompany.

Question15:

yourteamismostlymadeupofnovicesandit'sbehindschedule.Whatareyougoingtodo?

Answer15:

rememberthataprojectisrarelycancelledbecauseithasnotbeencompletedwithinthedeadline.Theprojectwascanceled,mainlyforbusinessobjectivessuchaslackoffunds,usersupport,orfailuretomeet.

Sothefirstthingtodoistotrain,whetherindoorsoroutdoors,inclassorbyvideotape.Anotheraddedmethodistoallowsenioremployeesorseniorconsultantstoactasteachers.

Conductmeetingsforpersonalassessmentandguidance.Helpeachemployeeaccuratelyevaluatetheirrespectivestrengthsandweaknesses.Atthesametime,makesurethatallthestandardsorguidelinesthatmustbeobservedareclearlydefined.Provideeachemployeewithtemplatesfromsuccessfulprojectsasaguide,andallowthemtousetheirtalents.Workwiththemifyouneedthem.Provideimmediatefeedbackonanyproblemortaskaccomplished.

Forlargertasks,lookingattheirplanshelpsdeterminewhethertheyunderstandthescopeandgoalsofthetaskinordertoseeiftheycanaccomplishthetask.Listentoemployees'opinions,andperhapstheywillhavetherightwaysandmeanstoaccomplishtheirtasks.However,employeesmustalsobepreventedfromfallingintothetrapofsetbacksandlowmorale.

Question16:

howwillyougetalongwith