四级阅读专项练习含答案汇编.docx
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四级阅读专项练习含答案汇编
In1993NewYorkStateorderedstorestochargeadepositonbeverage(饮料)containers.Withinayear.Consumershadreturnedmillionsofaluminumcansandglassandplasticbottles.Plentyofcompanieswereeagertoacceptthealuminumandglassasrawmaterialsfornewproducts.Butbecausefewcouldfigureoutwhattodowiththeplastic,muchofitwoundupburiedinlandfills(垃圾填埋场).TheproblemwasnotlimitedtoNewYork.Unfortunately,thereweretoofewusesforsecond-handplastic.
Today,oneoutoffiveplasticsodabottlesisrecycled(回收利用)intheUnitedStates.Thereasonforthechangeisthatnowtherearedozensofcompaniesacrossthecountrybuyingdiscardedplasticsodabottlesandturningthemintofenceposts,paintbrushes,etc.
AstheNewYorkexperienceshows,recyclinginvolvesmorethansimplyseparatingvaluablematerialsfromtherestoftherubbish.Adiscardremainsadiscarduntilsomebodyfiguresouthowtogiveitasecondlife-anduntileconomicarrangementsexisttogivethatsecondlifevalue.Withoutadequatemarketstoabsorbmaterialscollectedforrecycling,throwawaysactuallydepresspricesforusedmaterials.
Shrinkinglandfillspace,andrisingcostsforburyingandburningrubbishareforcinglocalgovernmentstolookmorecloselyatrecycling.Inmanyareas,theEastCoastespecially,recyclingisalreadytheleastexpensivewaste-managementoption.Foreverytonofwasterecycled,acityavoidspayingforitsdisposal,which,inpartsofNewYork,amountstosavingofmorethan$100perton.Recyclingalsostimulatesthelocaleconomybycreatingjobsandtrimsthepollutioncontrolandenergycostsofindustriesthatmakerecycledproductsbygivingthemamorerefinedrawmaterial.
36.WhatregulationwasissuedbyNewYorkStateconcerningbeveragecontainers?
A)Beveragecompaniesshouldberesponsibleforcollectingandreusingdiscardedplasticsodabottles.
B)Throwawaysshouldbecollectedbythestateforrecycling.
C)Afeeshouldbechargedonusedcontainersforrecycling.
D)Consumershadtopayforbeveragecontainersandcouldgettheirmoneybackonreturningthem.
37.ThereturnedplasticbottlesinNewYorkusedto________.
A)endupsomewhereunderground
B)beturnedintorawmaterials
C)haveasecond-lifevalue
D)beseparatedfromotherrubbish
38.Thekeyproblemindealingwithreturnedplasticbeveragecontainersis________.
A)tosellthemataprofitableprice
B)howtoturnthemintousefulthings
C)howtoreducetheirrecyclingcosts
D)tolowerthepricesforusedmaterials
39.Recyclingahsbecomethefirstchoiceforthedisposalofrubbishbecause________.
A)localgovernmentsfinditeasytomanage
B)recyclingahsgreatappealforthejobless
C)recyclingcauseslittlepollution
D)othermethodsaremoreexpensive
40.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat________.
A)rubbishisapotentialremedyfortheshortageofrawmaterials
B)localgovernmentsintheU.S.canexpectbigprofitsfromrecycling
C)recyclingistoberecommendedbotheconomicallyandenvironmentally
D)landfillswillstillbewidelyusedforwastedisposal
答案:
36.C37.D38.C39.B40.A
Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowwellhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttorulersbyancientwriters,whorelatedhowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregiventoChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.Theparableofthissemianimal,semihumanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnatures,andthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.
Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andwhenthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbegood;but
astheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegitimategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfilmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthemselvestobedeceived.
1.Theauthorofthepassagedoesnotbelievethat____.
A)peoplecanprotectthemselves
B)thetruthmakesmenfree
C)leadershavetobeconsistent
D)princesarehuman
2.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare____.
A)tootrustingB)strongandcareful
C)reliantonforceD)lackinginintelligence
3.Thefox,inthispassage,is____.
A)admiredforhistrickeryB)nomatchforthelion
C)pitiedforhistrickD)consideredworthless
4.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust____.
A)beprudentandfaithful
B)cheatandlie
C)haveprincipletoguidehisactions
D)tellthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent
5.Thewriterwouldapproveanunsuccessfulpoliticalcandidate____.
A)gaveupallhisopportunities
B)promisedtotryagainnexttime
C)overthrewthegovernmentbyforce
D)toldthepeoplethetruthabouthisopponent
答案与解析:
1.D。
本文作者并不认为王子们属于人这一类。
本题考察对作者意图的理解。
因为作者认为bylaw是人类所用的斗争方式;byforce是动物采用的斗争方式。
而这些王子们只会themethodoffightingbyforce,故D)是正确答案。
2.C。
狮子代表那些力量型的人。
本题考察学生对明喻和隐喻的理解能力。
在这篇文章的第二段的开头,在狮子与狐狸之间有一个鲜明的对比,狮子不能躲过陷阱,而狐狸逃脱不了被狼袭击的命运,故我们能看出狮子是靠自己的力量。
3.A。
在本文中,狐狸的狡猾受到称赞。
本题考察对作者的意图的理解能力。
第二段的开头,作者也提到了狐狸能躲过陷阱和圈套,故狐狸在这篇文章中因为有计谋而受到称赞。
4.B。
作者提出,一个成功的领导人必须学会欺骗和说谎。
本题为推理判断题,需从上下文的含义中找答案。
从这篇文章的第二段的后半部分我们能够推断出B)乃此题之答案。
因为一个成功的领导人必须具备两手:
欺骗与说谎。
5.C。
作者会赞成一个不成功的政治候选人会用武力推翻政府。
本题为推理判断题,需根据作者意图去推断出答案。
从这篇文章的主题来看,是“文斗”或是“武斗”,对一个落选的政治家来说,文斗已经失败,而只能退而求其次,采取thestrugglingmethodbyforce也就是要推翻政府,故选C)。
Thefirstpre-electionpoll,or“strawvote”,asitwasthencalled,wasconductedbytheHarrisburgPennsylvanianbeforethe1824presidentialelection.Thisstrawvoteandthemanythatfolloweditreallyregisterednothingbutlocalopinion.However,ascommunicationsimprovedandelectionswerewonbycloserandclosermargins,newspapersandjournalstrieddesperatelytosatisfytheirreaders'curiosityinmorereliableways.
Beforethe1928elections,nofewerthaneighty-fivepublicationsmadeprivateinquiries,generallybymeansofquestionnaires(问卷、调查表)senttosubscribers(订户)andbytelephonesurveys.Theprinciplecommontoalltheseinquirieswasthattheydependedonquantityratherthanquality;littleeffortwasmadetoreachrepresentativesofallsegments(部分)ofthepopulation.Still,theerroneousbeliefpersistedthatthegreaterthenumberofquestionnaires,themoreaccuratetheresultswouldbe.TherecordwasheldbytheAmericanmonthlyLiteraryDigest,whichsentoutmillionsofpostcardswithshortandpointedquestionsbeforeeachelection,andreceivedmanyhundredsofthousandsofreplies.Infact,in1932,theLiteraryDigest'sforecastwasoffbyonly1percent.
Inviewofsuchstrikingachievements,it(粗鲁的)fortheyoungAmericanjournalist,GeorgeGallup,toclaimthatlargenumberswereirrelevant,andthatequallyaccurateorbetterpredictionscouldbemadewithasmallbutcarefullyselectedsampleofthepopulationandasmallteamofskilledinterviewers.
In1936,ittookGallupalongtimetoconvincethirty-fivenewspapereditorsthathissystemwasmuchcheaperthanthecustomarymassinquiriesandthatitcouldprovidesurprisinglyaccuratepredictions.Theeditorsfinallyagreed,onconditionthatifGallup'spredictionswerelessaccuratethanthoseobtainedbythetriedmethodoftheLiteraryDigest,hewouldhavetorefund(赔偿)theentirecostoftheinvestigation.AlthoughtheLiteraryDigestbrokeitsownrecordbyobtainingtwomillionrepliestoitselectoralpostcardsthatyear,itspredictionwaswrongby19percent,whereasGallup'swasoffbylessthan1percent.
1.Fromthepassageweknowthattheearliestpre-electionpollswere____inreflectingthepublicopinions.
A)meaningfulB)inaccurateC)satisfyingD)successful
2.Allofthefollowingarethecharacteristicsoftheinquiriesmentionedinthesecondparagraphexcept____.
A)alargenumberofquestionnairesweresentout
B)quantityratherthanqualitywasemphasized
C)almostnoeffortwasmadetointerviewpeoplefromeverywalkoflife
D)everypublicationinAmericagotinvolved
3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinthebeginningthenewspapereditorswere____Gallup'ssystem.
A)doubtfulofC)displeasedwith
B)enthusiasticaboutD)indignantat
4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatintheearly1930s___
A)Gallupwasafamousjournalist
B)theLiteraryDigestlikedtobreakrecords
C)theliteraryDigestwasthebiggestmonthlyinAmerica
D)themethodoftheLiteraryDigestwaspopularandwell-received
5.Gallup'ssystemprovedtobe____.
A)muchcheaperB)agreatfailure
C)ahugesuccessD)muchcostly
答案与解析:
1.B
文章的第一段告诉我们,最初的选举前的民意测验反映的仅仅是地方性的局部意见,由此可见它们在反映民意方面是不够准确的。
2.D
从文章第二段可知,这些调查共同的特点是重量不重质,错误地认为发出去的问卷越