宁夏省高三上学期第一次联合考试英语试题.docx
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宁夏省高三上学期第一次联合考试英语试题
高三上学期第一次联合考试
英语试题
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
注意，听力部分答题时请先将答案标准试卷上，听力部分结束前你将有两分钟的时间将答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Whatwillthemandonext?
A.Seeanengineer.B.TalkwithMr.Black.C.Attendameeting.
2.Whatwillthewomenprobablyeat?
A.Somenuts.B.Somecookies.C.Somefruit.
3.WhatdidthemanaskJustintodo?
A.Readthemagazinesonhistable.
B.Designamagazinecover.
C.Bringsomemagazines.
4.Whendidthemangethomelastnight?
A.At11:
20.B.At11:
30.C.At12:
00.
5.Whereisthewomangoing?
A.Toalampfactory.B.Toarepairshop.C.Toagarage.
第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白度两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。
6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
A.Anexam.B.Acourse.C.Alecture.
7.Whattopicdidtheessayquestioncover?
A.WaltWhitman’spoemsB.MarkTwain’snovelsC.ArthurMiller’splays.
下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。
8.Whydoesthewomanmakethecall?
A.Tochangeherflight.B.Tobookanairticket.C.Tocheckherflight.
9.WhatistheactualflyingtimetoNewYork?
A.9hours.B.14hours.C.16hours.
听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。
10.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?
A.Atagasstation.B.Atagarage.C.Atacarfactory.
11.Whichpartofthecarexistspotentialrisk?
A.Thetire.B.Theradiator.C.Thewindshield.
12.Howdoesthewomanpay?
A.Incash.B.Bycreditcard.C.Bycheck.
听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。
13.Whatwasthewoman’sfirstjob?
A.Ateacher.B.Anactress.C.Anartist.
14.Howdidthechildrenreacttowardstheplayaboutalion?
A.Theywerefrightened.
B.Theylaughedaboutit.
C.Theycomplainedtotheirparents.
15.Howdoesthewoman'sdaughterhelpher?
A.Performintheshows.
B.Recordthemusicfortheshows.
C.Giveopinionsonthenewstories.
16.Whatcontributesmosttohesuccessofhewoman’sshows?
A.Herluck.B.Herpassion.C.Herintelligence.
听下面一段独白，回答第17至第20题。
17.HowlongdidDennisTitostayatheInternationalSpaceStation?
A.10days.B.14days.C.22days.
18.WhereisKatefrom?
A.Canada.B.TheUK.C.Australia.
19.WhatdoesBenwanttodo?
A.Travelonearth.
B.Takeactiontoprotecttheearth.
C.Exploreinspaceanddiscoveritssecrets.
20.Whatdoesthespeakerexpectthelistenerstodo?
A.ShowrespectforDennisandMartin.
B.Collectinformationaboutastronauts.
C.Shareopinionsaboutspacetravel.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给点A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Thedangersofsittingalldayareobvious.Researchershaveshownthatremainingsittingforextendedperiodsoftime（likeatyour9-to-5deskjob）candoharmtoyourhealth.Whileexerciseisabigpartofreducingtheharmfuleffectsofsitting,itwasunclearhowmanygymperiodswereneededtohelp–untilnow.
Anewstudy,publishedinTheLancet,showstheidealformulaforreducingthenegativeeffectsofasedentary（久坐的）job.Insteadofafixednumberofhoursspentexercising,theratio（比率）dependsonhowmuchyousit:
peoplewhoworkatypicaleight-hourdayshouldspendatleastonehoureachdaymoving.Ifyousitsixhoursaday,youshouldspendhalfanhourexercising.Theresearchalsoindicatesthattheexercisedoesn’thavetobeallonce–orrigorous（严格的）.Itcanbespreadthroughoutthedayandbeassimpleaswalking.
Theteambehindthestudyanalyzeddatafromapoolofamillionadultsovertheageof45inWesternEurope,theUnitedStates,andAustralia.Usingpreviousdata,theresearchesexamineddatafrom16publishedstudiesandusedittodeterminehowmuchexerciseisrequiredtocompensateforsitting.Theirrecommendeddailyexercisegoalishigherthanpreviousadvicebutnotnecessarilylessachievable,givenitcanbecompletedthroughouttheday.
Fittinginanhourofexerciseadaysoundsespeciallydiscouragingifyouhaveadeskjob,butthereareplentyofworkoutsyoucancompletebeforeandafterwork.Evenifitmeanstakinga10-minutewalkduringlunch,yourbodywillthankyouinthelongrun.
1.Theunderlinedwords“compensatefor”canbebestreplacedby________.
A.makeupforB.breakawayfrom
C.giveupD.taketheplaceof
2.Accordingtothenewstudy,goodnewsforthepeopleworkinglonghoursatdeskisthat________.
A.workoutsmayreducetheharmofsittingforlong
B.theharmofsittingforlonghasbeenproved
C.theydon’thavetoexerciseaslongassuggestedpreviously
D.thetimespentonexerciseisflexible
3.Whatcanbeinferredfromthearticle?
A.Thebestformofworkoutsiswalking.
B.Thelongeryouexercise,thebetter.
C.Thenewexercisegoalispracticalthoughhigher.
D.Adeskjobmakesitimpossibletoexerciseregularly.
4.Thesecondparagraphisdevelopedmainly________.
A.byexampleB.byprocess
C.bycomparisonD.bycontrast
【答案】1.A2.D3.C4.A
【解析】久坐对健康有害，但我们可以利用一切可以利用的空闲时间运动来进行补偿。
1.A
猜测词义题。
此处指利用之前的数据，研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据，并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。
“compensatefor”指补偿，弥补，与makeupfor同义，故选A.
2.D
3.C
推理判断题。
根据第三段Theirrecommendeddailyexercisegoalishigherthanpreviousadvicebutnotnecessarilylessachievable,givenitcanbecompletedthroughouttheday.可知他们建议的每日锻炼目标比以前要高，但也能实现。
故选C.
4.A
推理判断题。
第二段首句Anewstudy,publishedinTheLancet,showstheidealformulaforreducingthenegativeeffectsofasedentary（久坐的）job.和下面的具体数据是用例子来说明这项新研究的内容，所以本段是用了举例的方法，故选A.
【名师点睛】
词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。
因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。
我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
下面结合文本及近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。
1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
例如：
Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.从后面thatis（也就是说）的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
小题1此处指利用之前的数据，研究人员研究了16项已发表的研究数据，并利用它来确定需要多少运动来补偿久坐。
“compensatefor”指补偿，弥补，与makeupfor同义。
2.根据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
例如：
The“Chunnel”,atunnel（隧道）connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.此句中atunnelconnectingEnglandandFrance是Chunnel的同位语。
因此，The“Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。
3.根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。
例如：
“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10,”Anacleriosaid,“andthey’reveryinteractiveandcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-（相互的）和active（活动的，活跃的）而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。
例如：
Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun肯定是近乎相反的意义。
所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
B
Docompaniesneedastrongleadertostaycompetitive?
Manywouldsay“yes,definitely”,buttheemployeesofoneSwedishsoftwareconsultancycompanywouldtellthemotherwise.Theydon’thaveaCEO.Nobodytellsanyonewhattodo,instead,allthe40employeeshavemeetingsanddecidetogether.
Crisphasbecomeworldfamousfornothavingaboss.Hopingtogetitsemployeesmoreinvolved,itmovedontochangeitschiefexecutiveofficer（CEO）annually,butultimately,the40-strongstaffdecidedtoscrapthepositionaltogether.
Well,itturnsoutthatnothavingaboss,andbeinginvolvedindecisionmakinghasmadeCrisp’s40employeesmoreresponsibleandmotivated.Andevenifsomeonedoesmakeabadcallatsomepoint,it’sdefinitelynottheendoftheworld.
AccordingtotheBBC,theuniqueSwedishcompanyisapparentlysetupmorelikeafamily–nobodytellsanyonewhattodo,buttheunspokenunderstandingisthat“youdon’tmessupthehouse”.
Crispdoesholdfour-daymeetingsforthewholestafftwoorthreetimesayear,whentheydecideonthingsthataffecteveryone,likechangingtheirheadquarters,butgenerally,companyemployeesareencouragedtomaketheirowndecisions.Theyalsohaveacompanyboard,alegalrequirementinSweden,whichactsasalastresort,incasesomethinggoeshorriblywrong.
Sofar,the“noCEO”experimenthasgonesurprisinglywell.HenrikKniberg,anorganizationalcoachatCrisp,claimsthatnothavingtoaskthebosstoapproveprojectdecisionsorbudgetsmeansthatthingshappenalotfasterandthecompanycanrespondtoclientsquicker.
However,KnibergstressesthatnothavingtoasktheCEO’spermissionaboutstuffdoesn’tremoveemployees’responsibilitytoconsultwiththeircolleaguesandexplaintheirdecisions.However,someCEOsbelievethattheideaonlyworksinsmallstartups,becauseitwouldbetoochaotic（混乱的）inlargeorganizations.
5.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.TherewasnoCEOinthecompanyfromtheverybeginning.
B.Everyoneinthecompanyistheboss.
C.EveryemployeetakesturnstotakechargeofCrisp.
D.Thecompanyboardwasfoundedformorethanlegalpurpose.
6.Crisp’spracticewithoutabossissuccessfulbecause________.
A.ithasencouragedeverystaffmembertocontributetothecompany
B.ithashelpeditsemployeesavoidmakingmistakes
C.ithasmadeCrispworldfamousinthecompetitiveenvironment
D.ithassavedmoneyotherwisepaidtotheCEO
7.ItcanbeinferredfromthetextEXEPTthat________.
A.Crisp’ssuccessfulwaymaynotbepopularizedinabigcompany
B.makingquickdecisionsisanadvantageinbusiness
C.employeesinCrisphavetodiscusswitheachother
D.Crisp’semployeesareactuallyrelatives
8.WhichfactormayNOTcontributetoacompany’ssuccessaccordingtothetext?
A.Quickresponsetoitsclients.
B.Employees’responsibility.
C.Acompany’sscale（规模）.
D.Employees’motivation.
【答案】5.D6.A7.D8.C
【解析】文章介绍了瑞典的一个没有首席执行官，职员们有责任感和积极性，事业非常成功的公司Crisp.
5.D
推理判断题。
根据第五段Theyalsohave
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