On Translation of Tourist Attractions of Gansu Province精品文档13页.docx

On Translation of Tourist Attractions of Gansu Province精品文档13页.docx

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OnTranslationofTouristAttractionsofGansuProvince精品文档13页

OnTranslationofTouristAttractionsofGansuProvince

　　【Abstract】Tourismdevelopsandimprovesquicklyasthemorecommunicationwithforeigncountries.SeasoftouristsfromdifferentbackgroundsandculturescometoChinaforsightseeing.Sothetranslationoftouristattractionsisvitalandessential.Thequalitiesoftranslationoftouristattractionswillmakedifferentimpressionsontourists.BasedonthecurrentsituationofscenicspotstranslationinGansuProvince，thisthesistriestoanalyzetheexistingproblemsontranslationofthenamesfromthepersepectiveoffunctionalisttheory，thensomesuggestionsareproposedonhowtoreviseandcorrectthem.

　　【KeyWords】FunctionalistTheoryofTranslation；CulturalDifference；Translation

　　1.FunctionalistTheoryofTranslation

　　Intheframeworkoffunctionalisttranslationtheory，theprimerulewhichdeterminesthetranslationprocessistheintendedpurposeorSkoposofthetargettext.Thetourismtranslationinscribedinthetouristinformationboardsandlocatedatthetouristattractionsistoprovidetouristswiththenecessaryculturalandhistoricalinformationtohelpthemunderstandandappreciateculturebetter，andthustodisseminatethisculture.Therefore，themajortaskoftranslationistotransmittheculturalandhistoricalinformation.

　　1.1TheTranslationandCultureofTouristAttractions

　　Tourismtranslationisconnectedtothetwokindsoflanguagesandtwokindsofcultures.Andnow，duetothedifferentculture，differenthistoricalbackground，anddifferentlivinghabitsbetweenChinaandtheWest，theeffectsoftranslationoftouristattractionsseemtobeunsatisfying.

　　Tourismiscloselyrelatedwithculture.Tourismtextsofanykindwouldberichinculturalconnotations.Asacountrywithalonghistoryandrichculturalbackground，Chinaisrichinculturalrelics，literaryachievements，anddiverseethniccustoms.AllthesedeterminethattourismtextsinChinesearefullofculturalelements.TherearehugeculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish-speakingcountries.Aslanguageisanimportantcarrierofculture，lexicalgapwouldbecausedbyculturaldifferences，whichwouldinturnposedifficultiesintranslation.

　　1.2FunctionalistTheoryofTranslation

　　Functionalisttheoryoftranslationishugeconception，includingmanytheories.Inthisthesis，thewriterchooseonetheoryinfunctionalisttheotyoftranslation，itisthefunctionalequivalencetheory.　　1.2.1FunctionalEquivalenceTheory

　　Withthedevelopmentoflinguistics，psychologyandsemiotics，translationtheoristsattempttosetupascienceoftranslationandformasystematictheoryoftranslationofitsown.OneofthedominantfiguresamongthesemoderntranslationtheoristsisEugeneA.Nida.Realizingtheproblemsexistinginthetraditionaltranslationtheories，Nidaputsforwardhistranslationtheoryfromanewperspectiveandestablisheswhathecallsascienceoftranslation.

　　Nida’stranslationtheorydiscussesinacomprehensivemannerthebasicaspectsoftranslationandoffersmanynewinsightsintothenatureoftranslation.Hisgreatcontributiontothefieldoftranslationliesinthecreationofanewattitudetowardsdifferentlanguagesandculturessoastoimprovefurtherunderstanding，inbeingthefirstonetoconsidertheconceptofsocialeffectasthetranslationcriteria，andmostimportantly，inputtingforwardthetranslationtheoryofdynamicequivalence.

　　Asawhole，Nida’sFunctionalEquivalenceemphasizesreceptors’demands.Therefore，ithassublatedthe“text-centered”proposition.forthisreason，Nida’s“readers”responsesareratherbeneficialtotheimprovementonthesocialfunctionsandeffectsoftranslating.

　　1.2.2NecessityoffunctionalequivalenceOnCultureLevel

　　Peoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds，whencommunicatingwitheachother，willinevitablyencountercultureshock.Andsimilarly，“theculturaldiscrepancybetweenEnglishandChineselanguagesisanimportantfactorthatrestrictsthetranslationoftouristattraction”（Aramberri）.Andfluencesthespreadingefficiencyoftouristattractions.

　　Nidastatedthatatranslatorshouldtrytoaccomplishessentiallythesamecommunicationfunctionsoftheoriginalinclosest，naturalequivalence.Andthefunctionalequivalenceonculturallevelcountsalotintranslationoftouristattractions.

　　Sothefunctionalequivalencetheoryplaysanimportantroleintheculturelevel.

　　2.CulturalDifferencesundertheViewofFunctionalistTheoryofTranslation

　　Inordertounderstandwhatthisthesisismainlytodiscuss，itisnecessaryandessentialtoreviewsomeculturaldifferencesaboutthetranslationoftouristattractionsbetweenChinaandtheWest.

　　2.1DifferencesinWaysofThinking

　　Thewaysofthinkingisquitedifferent，actually，peopleliveincertainareahavetheirownwayofthinking.Itconnectstovariouskindsoffactors.Thewaysofthinkingaretheimportantreasonofculturaldifference.Itincludesknowledge，concepts，methods，languageandcustomandsoon.　　Andthedifferentwaysofthinkinginfactarethereflectionofculturaldifference.Peoplewholiveindifferentareasforalongtimehavedifferentculturalcharacteristics.Therefore，theirwaysofthinkingaredifferent.

　　TheChinesepeopleareconservative，introvertandinactive，theyputmoreemphasisonharmony，andtheylikecommonandstablelife；whiletheWesternpeoplearemoreopen-minded，extrovertandactive，theylikechangeablelifeandthustheyemphasizeoncompetition.Inthisway，theirdifferentwaysofthinkingleadtotheirdifferentunderstandingoneachother’sbehavior.Andinsomeway，Westernersoftenemphasizeonfreedom，democracyandindividual，whileinesepeoplefocusonethicprincipal，moralityandimage.

　　Thuswecansay，thedifferentwaysofthinkingplayanimportantroleintranslationfortouristattractions.

　　2.2DifferencesinMannersandCustoms

　　Astheoldsayinggoes“WheninRome，doastheRomans”，sodifferentmannersandcustomscanexpressthebiggestdifferencesbetweentheWestandChina.

　　Mannersaretherulesofcommunicationamongpeople.It’sakindoflanguage，andit’salsoatool.Mannersisthebasisofsocialcivilization，andit’salsothemostdirectwayforallsocialcivilization.Differentculturehavetheirownmanners，soonlydowerecognizethedifferenceofmannersintheWestandChina，wecanmasterthelanguagesofChinaandtheWest.

　　Customisasocialphenomenon，butithasaprofoundculturalconnotationandgreatinfluence.Andthecustomofacountrymustreflectthecharacteristicsofthiscountry.Soitisalsoveryimportant.

　　Justlikeeveryone’sname.BetweentheWestandChina，therearedifferencesinnames.ChinesenameshouldbeinChineseway，andfamilynamescomebeforegivennames.WhichisexactlyoppositetotheWest.Thedifferenceofthenamesisoneofthecustoms.

　　Sovaluingthecustomsisalsoakeytomasterthetranslation.

　　Languageisthecarrierofculture，isthecrystallizationofculture.Mannersandcustomsasthepartsofalanguage，theirvalueisnoticeable.Knowingandmasteringmannersandcustomsistheonlyroutewhichmustbepassedwhenwewanttolearntranslationinabetterway.

　　3.TheApplicationofTranslationStrategiesinTouristAttractions

　　3.1TheDomesticationMethod

　　Weallknowthattherearetwooppositemethodsinthetranslation：

domesticationandforeignization.Inthischapter，wewillfocusonthedomesticationmethod.　　3.1.1TheDefinitionofDomesticationMethod

　　Theso-calleddomesticationistotransformcharacteristicingredientsintoonekindofculturetosomecontentswhichpeoplearefamiliarwithinanotherkind.Itistousethewordsandexpressionsthathavethesamefrequencyofusewiththesourcewordsandexpressions，butgenerallyweusesomewordsandexpressionswithcertainculturalcolortotranslatetheprimitivewordsandexpressions.Itputsasidethesentencesandtheimageoftheoriginaltext，andholdsthepragmaticmeaningandselectsthesameexpressionwiththeprimitivepragmaticmeaningformthetargetlanguage.

　　3.1.2AppropriateTranslationwithDomesticationMethod

　　Domesticationmeansbringingtheforeigncultureclosertothetouristsinthetargetculture，makingthetranscriptsbeacceptedandbefamiliar.Domesticationisfollowingtheprincipleofusingtargetculturetotaketheplaceoforiginaltouristculture.Tourismtextsshouldrespondtotheirinformativeandappellativefunctionsofdifferentcultures.

　　Hereisanexample.TherearemanyparksandtemplesinLanzhouandothercountieslikeZhangyeandYuzhong.Intranslationofscenicspot，“公园”hadbetterbetranslatedinto“Park”.Forexample，“白塔山公园”、“五泉山公园”、“兰山公园及水车园”are“theParkofWhitePagoda”，“theParkoftheFiveSpring”，“theParkofLanshanMountain”，“thePark/GardenofWaterWhee1”.Theseentiretranslatedversionsarepreciseandclear.

　　“王母宫”canbetranslatedinto“WangmugongPalace―Wangmu，thequeenoftheHeavenin”，andthenecessaryexplanationisaddedtomaketouristmoreclearwhoisWangmu.Thiskindoftranslationisclearandtheycandeliverthecultureclearlyforforeigntourists.

　　3.2TheForeignizationMethod

　　TheForeignizationMethodtakesthetargetlanguageasthedominantposition，anddisplaysthedifferenceinlanguage.

　　3.2.1TheDefinitionofForeignizationMethod

　　Foreignization，itisalsocalleddissimilationmethod，oralienation，orminoritizingtranslation.Itisatermusedtodesignatethetypeoftranslationinwhichatargettranslationisproducedwhichdeliberatelyb