On Translation of Tourist Attractions of Gansu Province精品文档13页.docx
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OnTranslationofTouristAttractionsofGansuProvince精品文档13页
OnTranslationofTouristAttractionsofGansuProvince
【Abstract】Tourismdevelopsandimprovesquicklyasthemorecommunicationwithforeigncountries.SeasoftouristsfromdifferentbackgroundsandculturescometoChinaforsightseeing.Sothetranslationoftouristattractionsisvitalandessential.Thequalitiesoftranslationoftouristattractionswillmakedifferentimpressionsontourists.BasedonthecurrentsituationofscenicspotstranslationinGansuProvince,thisthesistriestoanalyzetheexistingproblemsontranslationofthenamesfromthepersepectiveoffunctionalisttheory,thensomesuggestionsareproposedonhowtoreviseandcorrectthem.
【KeyWords】FunctionalistTheoryofTranslation;CulturalDifference;Translation
1.FunctionalistTheoryofTranslation
Intheframeworkoffunctionalisttranslationtheory,theprimerulewhichdeterminesthetranslationprocessistheintendedpurposeorSkoposofthetargettext.Thetourismtranslationinscribedinthetouristinformationboardsandlocatedatthetouristattractionsistoprovidetouristswiththenecessaryculturalandhistoricalinformationtohelpthemunderstandandappreciateculturebetter,andthustodisseminatethisculture.Therefore,themajortaskoftranslationistotransmittheculturalandhistoricalinformation.
1.1TheTranslationandCultureofTouristAttractions
Tourismtranslationisconnectedtothetwokindsoflanguagesandtwokindsofcultures.Andnow,duetothedifferentculture,differenthistoricalbackground,anddifferentlivinghabitsbetweenChinaandtheWest,theeffectsoftranslationoftouristattractionsseemtobeunsatisfying.
Tourismiscloselyrelatedwithculture.Tourismtextsofanykindwouldberichinculturalconnotations.Asacountrywithalonghistoryandrichculturalbackground,Chinaisrichinculturalrelics,literaryachievements,anddiverseethniccustoms.AllthesedeterminethattourismtextsinChinesearefullofculturalelements.TherearehugeculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish-speakingcountries.Aslanguageisanimportantcarrierofculture,lexicalgapwouldbecausedbyculturaldifferences,whichwouldinturnposedifficultiesintranslation.
1.2FunctionalistTheoryofTranslation
Functionalisttheoryoftranslationishugeconception,includingmanytheories.Inthisthesis,thewriterchooseonetheoryinfunctionalisttheotyoftranslation,itisthefunctionalequivalencetheory. 1.2.1FunctionalEquivalenceTheory
Withthedevelopmentoflinguistics,psychologyandsemiotics,translationtheoristsattempttosetupascienceoftranslationandformasystematictheoryoftranslationofitsown.OneofthedominantfiguresamongthesemoderntranslationtheoristsisEugeneA.Nida.Realizingtheproblemsexistinginthetraditionaltranslationtheories,Nidaputsforwardhistranslationtheoryfromanewperspectiveandestablisheswhathecallsascienceoftranslation.
Nida’stranslationtheorydiscussesinacomprehensivemannerthebasicaspectsoftranslationandoffersmanynewinsightsintothenatureoftranslation.Hisgreatcontributiontothefieldoftranslationliesinthecreationofanewattitudetowardsdifferentlanguagesandculturessoastoimprovefurtherunderstanding,inbeingthefirstonetoconsidertheconceptofsocialeffectasthetranslationcriteria,andmostimportantly,inputtingforwardthetranslationtheoryofdynamicequivalence.
Asawhole,Nida’sFunctionalEquivalenceemphasizesreceptors’demands.Therefore,ithassublatedthe“text-centered”proposition.forthisreason,Nida’s“readers”responsesareratherbeneficialtotheimprovementonthesocialfunctionsandeffectsoftranslating.
1.2.2NecessityoffunctionalequivalenceOnCultureLevel
Peoplewithdifferentculturalbackgrounds,whencommunicatingwitheachother,willinevitablyencountercultureshock.Andsimilarly,“theculturaldiscrepancybetweenEnglishandChineselanguagesisanimportantfactorthatrestrictsthetranslationoftouristattraction”(Aramberri).Andfluencesthespreadingefficiencyoftouristattractions.
Nidastatedthatatranslatorshouldtrytoaccomplishessentiallythesamecommunicationfunctionsoftheoriginalinclosest,naturalequivalence.Andthefunctionalequivalenceonculturallevelcountsalotintranslationoftouristattractions.
Sothefunctionalequivalencetheoryplaysanimportantroleintheculturelevel.
2.CulturalDifferencesundertheViewofFunctionalistTheoryofTranslation
Inordertounderstandwhatthisthesisismainlytodiscuss,itisnecessaryandessentialtoreviewsomeculturaldifferencesaboutthetranslationoftouristattractionsbetweenChinaandtheWest.
2.1DifferencesinWaysofThinking
Thewaysofthinkingisquitedifferent,actually,peopleliveincertainareahavetheirownwayofthinking.Itconnectstovariouskindsoffactors.Thewaysofthinkingaretheimportantreasonofculturaldifference.Itincludesknowledge,concepts,methods,languageandcustomandsoon. Andthedifferentwaysofthinkinginfactarethereflectionofculturaldifference.Peoplewholiveindifferentareasforalongtimehavedifferentculturalcharacteristics.Therefore,theirwaysofthinkingaredifferent.
TheChinesepeopleareconservative,introvertandinactive,theyputmoreemphasisonharmony,andtheylikecommonandstablelife;whiletheWesternpeoplearemoreopen-minded,extrovertandactive,theylikechangeablelifeandthustheyemphasizeoncompetition.Inthisway,theirdifferentwaysofthinkingleadtotheirdifferentunderstandingoneachother’sbehavior.Andinsomeway,Westernersoftenemphasizeonfreedom,democracyandindividual,whileinesepeoplefocusonethicprincipal,moralityandimage.
Thuswecansay,thedifferentwaysofthinkingplayanimportantroleintranslationfortouristattractions.
2.2DifferencesinMannersandCustoms
Astheoldsayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomans”,sodifferentmannersandcustomscanexpressthebiggestdifferencesbetweentheWestandChina.
Mannersaretherulesofcommunicationamongpeople.It’sakindoflanguage,andit’salsoatool.Mannersisthebasisofsocialcivilization,andit’salsothemostdirectwayforallsocialcivilization.Differentculturehavetheirownmanners,soonlydowerecognizethedifferenceofmannersintheWestandChina,wecanmasterthelanguagesofChinaandtheWest.
Customisasocialphenomenon,butithasaprofoundculturalconnotationandgreatinfluence.Andthecustomofacountrymustreflectthecharacteristicsofthiscountry.Soitisalsoveryimportant.
Justlikeeveryone’sname.BetweentheWestandChina,therearedifferencesinnames.ChinesenameshouldbeinChineseway,andfamilynamescomebeforegivennames.WhichisexactlyoppositetotheWest.Thedifferenceofthenamesisoneofthecustoms.
Sovaluingthecustomsisalsoakeytomasterthetranslation.
Languageisthecarrierofculture,isthecrystallizationofculture.Mannersandcustomsasthepartsofalanguage,theirvalueisnoticeable.Knowingandmasteringmannersandcustomsistheonlyroutewhichmustbepassedwhenwewanttolearntranslationinabetterway.
3.TheApplicationofTranslationStrategiesinTouristAttractions
3.1TheDomesticationMethod
Weallknowthattherearetwooppositemethodsinthetranslation:
domesticationandforeignization.Inthischapter,wewillfocusonthedomesticationmethod. 3.1.1TheDefinitionofDomesticationMethod
Theso-calleddomesticationistotransformcharacteristicingredientsintoonekindofculturetosomecontentswhichpeoplearefamiliarwithinanotherkind.Itistousethewordsandexpressionsthathavethesamefrequencyofusewiththesourcewordsandexpressions,butgenerallyweusesomewordsandexpressionswithcertainculturalcolortotranslatetheprimitivewordsandexpressions.Itputsasidethesentencesandtheimageoftheoriginaltext,andholdsthepragmaticmeaningandselectsthesameexpressionwiththeprimitivepragmaticmeaningformthetargetlanguage.
3.1.2AppropriateTranslationwithDomesticationMethod
Domesticationmeansbringingtheforeigncultureclosertothetouristsinthetargetculture,makingthetranscriptsbeacceptedandbefamiliar.Domesticationisfollowingtheprincipleofusingtargetculturetotaketheplaceoforiginaltouristculture.Tourismtextsshouldrespondtotheirinformativeandappellativefunctionsofdifferentcultures.
Hereisanexample.TherearemanyparksandtemplesinLanzhouandothercountieslikeZhangyeandYuzhong.Intranslationofscenicspot,“公园”hadbetterbetranslatedinto“Park”.Forexample,“白塔山公园”、“五泉山公园”、“兰山公园及水车园”are“theParkofWhitePagoda”,“theParkoftheFiveSpring”,“theParkofLanshanMountain”,“thePark/GardenofWaterWhee1”.Theseentiretranslatedversionsarepreciseandclear.
“王母宫”canbetranslatedinto“WangmugongPalace―Wangmu,thequeenoftheHeavenin”,andthenecessaryexplanationisaddedtomaketouristmoreclearwhoisWangmu.Thiskindoftranslationisclearandtheycandeliverthecultureclearlyforforeigntourists.
3.2TheForeignizationMethod
TheForeignizationMethodtakesthetargetlanguageasthedominantposition,anddisplaysthedifferenceinlanguage.
3.2.1TheDefinitionofForeignizationMethod
Foreignization,itisalsocalleddissimilationmethod,oralienation,orminoritizingtranslation.Itisatermusedtodesignatethetypeoftranslationinwhichatargettranslationisproducedwhichdeliberatelyb