英语论文.docx

英语论文.docx

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英语论文

编号：

_______________

毕业论文

题目:

OnWaystoTeachPre-schoolChildrenOralEnglish

系别:

外语系

专业：

英语

学生姓名：

成绩：

指导教师：

杨淑芬

2013年4月

Abstract

BasedontheproblemsoforalEnglishteachingtochildren,theauthorthinksitisapressingissuetosolvethese.Afterlookingoveranumberofrelativematerials,theauthorthinksitisthebestwaytosolvethesefromchildren’scharacteristics.Thentheauthortakes5-year-oldchildrenforexample,andanalyzestheirpsychology.Withthesecharacters,theauthordetailsfromchildren’ssensation,perception,memories,thoughts,imaginationandattentiontoteachthem.Throughtheseways,childrenwillspeakfluentlyandnaturally.

KeyWords:

Children;OralEnglish;Teaching;Skill

Contents

AbstractI

ContentsII

Introduction1

ⅠTheProblemsofOralEnglishTeachingtoPre-schoolChildren2

1.1TheTraditionalInstruction2

1.2TheProblemsinKindergarten3

ⅡAnAnalysisontheProblems4

2.1TheEndangermentofTheseProblems4

2.2TheCharacteristicsof5-Year-OldChildren6

ⅢWaystoTeachChildrenOralEnglish7

3.1FocusonTheirSensationandPerception7

3.2FocusonTheirMemories8

3.2.1TheHabitofRememberingIntently8

3.2.2TheUseofRhythmandPrinciple9

3.3FocusonTheirThoughts9

Conclusion12

Bibliography13

Introduction

“Languageisatthecenterofhumanlife.Weuselanguageallday”（Cook,1）.Somepeopleareabletodosomethinginmorethanonelanguage.Knowinganotherlanguagemaymean:

gettingajob,achancetogeteducated,etc.Itaffectspeople’scareersandpossiblefutures,theirlivesandveryidentities.“Inaworldwhereprobablymorepeoplespeaktwolanguagesthanthosewhospeakone,languagelearningandlanguageteachingarevitaltothedailylivesofmillions”.Forpre-schoolchildren,itisdifficulttolearnoralEnglish,sotheteachersplayanimportantroleinaclass.

InEnglishlearning,oralEnglish,whichisthekeypointforchildren,fosterschildren’sabilitiesinusingEnglishverbally.Speakingisoneofthemostimportantwaystoexpressone’sfeelingandmind.Especiallytoday,withthedevelopmentofthesociety,teachingchildrenoralEnglishismorenecessaryandpopular.Buttherearemanyproblems.Insuchpoorcondition,childrencannotspeakEnglishverywell.Eveniftheyhavealottosay,theycannotopentheirmouths.Thispapertakes5-year-oldchildrenforexample,departingfromthetraditionalinstruction,andbasesonchildren’scharacteristicstofindthebestwaytoteachthemoralEnglish.

ThefirstpartofthispaperdiscussestheproblemsoftheoralEnglishteachingtopre-schoolchildren.Oneofthemisthetraditionalinstruction—theTeacher-centeredInstruction.Itfirstlymainlyintroducesthedefinitionandthecausesofthetraditionalinstruction.Fromtheconceptionitiseasytoknowthattheinstructionemphasizestheteachers’function,whichistheproblemofthatinstruction.Inaddition,itemphasizesgrammars,butignorespronunciations,andclaimsstudentstorememberwordsmechanically.SucheducationonlymakesstudentsknowthegrammarofEnglishinsteadofspeakingEnglishfluently.Followingthat,theauthorintroducestheproblemsinkindergarten,whichisthesecondone.Thesecondpartanalyzestheproblemsthatarementionedinthefirstpart.Inthispart,theauthoranalyzestheendangermentoftheseproblems.Forexample,itcannotprovidesufficientlanguageinputandpracticeforstudents.Soitisapressissuetochangetheseproblems.Thentheauthoranalyzestheimportancetosolvetheseproblems.Thustheauthortakes5-year-oldchildrenforexampletofindthebestwaytoteachchildrenoralEnglish,whichisthemaincontentofthethirdpart.Inthispart,theauthorintroducesthechildren’scharacteristics.Basedonthat,teacherscanteachchildrenfromthesensation,perception,memory,thought,imaginationandattention.Thelastpartistheconclusion.Withthewaysmentionedinthethirdpart,children’soralEnglishwillmakeagreatprogress.TeacherswillhavethebestwaytoteachchildrenoralEnglish,alsothequalityofeducationwillbeimprovedgreatly. 

ⅠTheProblemsofOralEnglishTeachingtoPre-schoolChildren

Chineseeducationhasprogressedfor5000years,whiletherearetraditionalteachingmethods:

emphasizinggrammar,ignoringpronunciation,andrememberingwordsmechanically.Thefollowingisthemaincharactersofthetraditionalinstruction.Followingthat,theauthoranalyzestheproblemsinkindergarten.

1.1TheTraditionalInstruction

Thetraditionalinstruction,whichistheTeacher-centeredInstruction,isaninstructionaltheorythatclaimsthatteachersarethedominatorsanddeciders.Itcanbetracedbacktoantiquity.Thebasiccontentisteachershowtoprepareandteachstudentswell,anditseldomconsidersstudentshowtolearn.Itemphasizestheoutsidestimulationinsteadofstudents’cognition.Thenstudentsbecomethepassivereceivers.Obviously,thiskindofmodelisfoundedundertheinstitutionaltheory“Receive”andthebehavioristtheory“Stimulate—Response” 

TheTraditionalPPP（“Presentation”,“Practice”,and“Production”）modelusedforclassroominstructionalsobelongstotheTeacher-centeredInstruction.Whenthebellrings,ateachercomesin,andthenhebeginstoteach.Amongthattimeheonlygivesstudentslittertimetospeak,andevennotime.Untilthebellringsagain,theteachergoesaway.Thatisthecommonstyleoftheteachingmethodsinschools.Teachersrealizetheirtasks,butwhataboutstudents?

Whethertheyalsorealizetheirlearningpurposeornot?

Ofcoursetheydonot.

Itaffectstheeducationgreatlyallthetime,evennowinthemodernage.Thenextisthereasonsofthespreadofthetraditionalinstruction.

Thefirstisexaminationandthepursuitofenteringabetterschoolunilaterally.Inordertogethighmarksandimprovetherateofenteringabetterschool,teacherspaymoreattentiontothesmallpartofstudentswhoaregoodatstudying,butnotthewhole.Someonemakesavividimageandcallssuchsituation“accompanimentsystem”.Furthermore,teachersonlycareforstudents’knowledgeinsteadoftheirqualities.Theresultisthatstudentsarejustbusydoingendlesshomeworkallthetime,andtheirbodiesandspiritsareimpressednegatively.Evenabouttheknowledge,thelearnersonlyrememberitmechanically,butcannotuseitflexibly.Inthe21stcentury,thecompetitionamongeverykindofemploymentsisverykeen.Soeveryonewantstogetintothebestschool,whichhasthehighestratetoenterkeyschools.Therefore,tosomedegree,theseproblemsdonotappearaccidentally,andtheyarenottheresponsibilitiesofschoolsandteachers.Additionally,thereareotherproblems,suchastraditionalcultures,educationalsystem,entranceexaminations,educationaljudgment,etc.

1.2TheProblemsinKindergarten

First,becausesomepeopledonotunderstandthedefinitionof“bilingualeducation”oronlywanttopursuemorebenefitstheyopenonlyoneortwohobbyclassesforteachingoralEnglishinthekindergarten,andtheteachersjustsimplyteachseveralwords,orphrases,orsentences,evenifsomeofthemonlyteachEnglishtwiceinaweek.Withsuchcondition,thefounderalsocallshiskindergarten“bilingualeducation”.Second,someteachersarenotqualified.SomepeoplethinkteachingchildrenEnglishisasimplething.SowhoeverknowssomeEnglishwordscanteach.Thatiswrong.AqualifiedbilingualteacherhadbetterhavesteadyknowledgeaboutEnglish;masterthepsychologypedagogyofchildrenandbeskillfulatteachingtheoryandpractice.ButinChina,thereare43%presentteachersarenotgraduatedasEnglishmajorsandmostofthemarenotteachersinthekindergarten.Buttheyareteachersinotherschoolsorforeigners.Third,teachersonlyspeakmotherlanguageoronlyspeakEnglishintheclass.TheydonotknowtherelationshipbetweenmotherlanguageandEnglish.Thismethodisnotgoodforchildren'scognition.Fourth,learningEnglishisbecomingmoreandmorepopular,soallkindsofbooksappear.Butamongthemtherearemanyinferiorbooksintermix,whichisbadforchildrentolearnEnglish.

ⅡAnAnalysisontheProblems

TeachingwiththetraditionalinstructionisbadforchildrentolearnoralEnglish,becauseithasagreatmanyendangerments.Alsothestatusquoinkindergartenisnotaffirmative.Soitisimportantandnecessarytosolvetheseproblems.Theflowingistheendangermentoftheseproblemsandtheimportancetosolvetheseproblems.

2.1TheEndangermentofTheseProblems

Thetraditionalinstructioncannotprovidesufficientlanguageinputandpracticeforstudents.Teachersjustpaymoreattentiontovocabulary,ortheyonlyanalyzegrammars.Thusstudentshavefewornochancetotakepartincommunication.Knowledgecanbedividedintodeclarativeknowledge（aboutknowingwhat）andproceduralknowledge（aboutknowinghow）.Thefirstone,whatthetraditionalinstructionbelongsto,issomethingaboutgrammarandvocabulary,whichisonlythedeclarationknowledgeandhasnothingtodowithcommunication.Sostudentsmayformawrongidea.Thatis,iftheygrasptheruleofthelanguage,theycanalsocommunicatenaturallyandaccurately.Asaresult,mostofthestudentswillbeintellectualtalents,butnotinnovativetalents.Theycangethighmarksineveryexamination.Butactuallytheycannotusethelearnedknowledgeagilely.Whentheyopentheirmouthstheyalwaysmakemistakes.Whatisworse,theycannotwidenscopes,enlargetheculturalknowledge,anddeveloptheirthoughts.Allofthoseareharmfulforthemtomeettheneedofthesociety.

Inkindergarten,thereisasaying: