学年湖南衡阳八中高二下期结业考英语卷含答案及解析.docx

学年湖南衡阳八中高二下期结业考英语卷含答案及解析.docx

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学年湖南衡阳八中高二下期结业考英语卷含答案及解析

2019学年湖南衡阳八中高二下期结业考英语卷【含答案及解析】

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一、阅读理解

1.Areyouadogpersonoracatperson?

Withsomanyphotosandvideosofcatsanddogsdoingcutethingsonline,it’seasierthanevertoanswerwhichofthesefurryfriendsyoulikemore.Therearemanyreasonswhypeoplepreferonetypeofpetovertheother.So,haveyoueverwonderedwhatyourpreferenceforcatsordogssaysaboutyou?

Infact,a2010studydonebySamGosling,apsychologistattheUniversityofTexas,US,andhisgraduatestudentCarsonSandyfoundthatdogpeoplearemoreextroverted（外向的）,agreeableandconscientious（认真的）thancatpeople.

“Catswilloccasionallyengageinsocialactivities,butusuallyafteronlyafewminutestheywillgiveupthegame.Dogs,ontheotherhand,willoftenengageinplay,likefetchingathrownball,forhoursatatime,”saidModernDogmagazine.

Justonthebasisofdogs’naturebeingmoresociablethancats’,youmayexpectthatthepersonalitiesofdogpeoplealsoreflecthighersociability.AndGosling’sstudyfoundthatdogpeoplearegenerallyabout15percentmoreextrovertedand13percentmoreagreeable,bothofwhichareassociatedwithsocialorientation（倾向）.

Inaddition,dogpeopleare11percentmoreconscientiousthancatpeople.“Conscientiousness”isatendencytoshowself-discipline,tocompletetasksandaimforachievement.Thistraitalsoshowsapreferenceforplannedratherthanspontaneous（一时冲动的）behavior.

Incomparison,catpeopleareabout12percentmoreanxious,buttheyarealso11percentmore“open”thandogpeople,duetoageneralappreciationforart,emotion,imagination,curiosity,adventure,unusualideasandvarietyofexperience.Andpeoplehighonopennessaremorelikelytoholdunconventionalbeliefs.

Despitesomanydifferences,therearesomethingsthatcatpeopleanddogpeoplehaveincommon.“Bothtypesofpeopleconsiderthemselvesclosetonature,dislikeanimal-printclothingandgenerallylookonthebettersideoflife,”notedMotherNatureNetwork.

1.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?

A.Differencesbetweendogsandcatsintheirpersonalitytraits.

B.Factorsthatinfluencepeople’spreferencefordogsorcats.

C.Howraisingapethelpsshapeyourpersonality.

D.Whatyourpreferencefordogsorcatstellsaboutyou.

2.Theunderlinedphrase“engagein”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans______.

A.getinvolvedin

B.benefitfrom

C.takelittleinterestin

D.performwellin

3.AccordingtothestudydonebySamGosling,dogownerstendto______thancatowners.

A.bemoreimaginativeandcreative

B.liveamoreorganizedlife

C.lovetogetclosetonaturemore

D.bemoreeasygoingandadventurous

4.Accordingtothearticle,bothdogpeopleandcatpeople______.

A.aregenerallyself-disciplined

B.areusuallypositiveandcareaboutnature

C.arelikelytoholdunconventionalbeliefs

D.liketowearanimal-printclothing

2.Therearetwotypesofpeopleintheworld.Althoughtheyhaveequaldegreeofhealthandwealthandothercomfortsoflife,onebecomeshappyandtheotherbecomesunhappy.Thisarisesfromthedifferentwaysinwhichtheyconsiderthings,persons,eventsandtheresultingeffectsupontheirminds.

Peoplewhoaretobehappyfixtheirattentionontheconvenienceofthings:

thepleasantpartsofconversation,thewellprepareddishes,thegoodnessofthewineandthefineweather.Theyenjoyallthecheerfulthings.Thosewhoaretobeunhappythinkandspeakonlyoftheoppositethings.Therefore,theyarecontinuallydissatisfied.Bytheirremarks,theysourthepleasureofsociety,hurtmanypeople,andmakethemselvesdisagreeableeverywhere.Ifthisturnofmindwasfoundedinnature,suchunhappypersonswouldbethemoretobepitied.Theintentionofcriticizingandbeingdislikedisperhapstakenupbyimitation.Itgrowsintoahabit,unknowntoitspossessors.Thehabitmaybestrong,butitmaybecuredwhenthosewhohaveitrealizeitsbadeffectsontheirinterestsandtastes.Ihopethislittlewarningmaybeofservicetothem,andhelpthemchangethishabit.

Althoughinfactitischieflyanactoftheimagination,ithasseriousresultsinlifesinceitbringsondeepsorrowandbadluck.Thosepeoplehurtmanyothers;nobodylovesthem,andnoonetreatsthemwithmorethanthemostcommonpolitenessandrespect.Thisfrequentlyputstheminbadtemperanddrawsthemintoarguments.Iftheyaimatgettingsomeadvantagesinsocialpositionorfortune,nobodywishesthemsuccess.Norwillanyonestartasteporspeakawordtofavortheirhopes.Iftheybringonthemselvespublicobjections,noonewilldefendorexcusethem,andmanywilljointocriticizetheirwrongdoings.Theseshouldchangethisbadhabitandbepleasedwithwhatispleasing,withoutworryingneedlesslyaboutthemselvesandothers.Iftheydonot,itwillbegoodforotherstoavoidanycontactwiththem.Otherwise,itcanbedisagreeableandsometimesveryinconvenient,especiallywhenonebecomesmixedupintheirquarrels.

1.Peoplewhoareunhappy_______.

A.alwaysconsiderthingsdifferentlyfromothers

B.alwaysdiscovertheunpleasantsideofcertainthings

C.usuallymisunderstandwhatothersthinkorsay

D.usuallyareaffectedbytheresultsofcertainthings

2.Thephrase“sourthepleasureofsociety”mostnearlymeans“_______”.

A.makesothersunhappy

B.hasagoodtastewithsociallife

C.tendtoscoldothersopenly

D.enjoythepleasureoflife

3.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_______.

A.weshouldpityallsuchunhappypeople

B.suchunhappypeoplearedangeroustosociallife

C.peoplecangetridofthehabitofunhappiness

D.unhappypeoplecannotunderstandhappypersons

3.You’reinadepartmentstoreandyouseeacoupleofattractiveyoungwomenlookingatasweater.Youlistentotheirconversation:

"Ican'tbelieveit-LorenzoBertolla!

Theyarealmostimpossibletofind.Isn'titbeautiful?

Andit'salotcheaperthantheoneSaraboughtinRome."

Theyleaveandyougoovertoseethisincrediblesweater.It'sniceandthepriceisright.You'veneverheardofLorenzoBertolla,butthosegirlslookedreallystylish.Theymustknow.So,youbuyit.Youneverrealizethatthoseyoungwomenareemployeesofanadvertisingagency.Theyareactuallypaidtogofromstoretostore,talkingloudlyaboutLorenzoBertollaclothes.

Everydaywenoticewhatpeoplearewearing,drivingandeating.Ifthepersonlookscool,theproductseemscool,too.Thisisthesecretofundercovermarketing.CompaniesfromFordtoNikearestartingtouseit.

Undercovermarketingisimportantbecauseitreachespeoplethatdon'tpayattentiontotraditionaladvertising.ThisisparticularlytrueoftheMTVgeneration-consumersbetweentheageof18and34.It'sagoldengroup.Theyhavealotofmoneytospend,buttheydon'ttrustads.

Soadvertisingagencieshireyoungactorsto"perform"inbarsandotherplaceswhereyoungadultsgo.Somepeoplemightcallthispracticemisleading,butmarketingexecutiveJonathanResslercallsitcreative."Lookattraditionaladvertising.Itseffectivenessisdecreasing."Itistrue,becauseeveryoneknowsanadistryingtopersuadeyoutobuysomething.However,youdon'tknowwhenaconversationyouoverhearisjustaperformance.

1.Thetwoattractiveyoungwomenweretalkingsothattheycould_____.

A.getthesweateratalowerprice

B.decideonbuyingthesweater

C.beadmiredbyothershoppers

D.beheardbypeoplearound

2.LorenzoBertollais_____.

A.averypopularmalesinger

B.anadvertisingagency

C.thebrandnameofclothes

D.aclothingcompanyinRome

3.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Traditionaladvertisingwillsoondisappearinthemarket.

B.TheMTVgenerationtendstobemoreeasilyinfluencedbyallkindsofads.

C.Undercovermarketingwillsurelybebannedsoonbythegovernment.

D.Thattraditionaladvertisingistoodirectmayleadtoitsdecreasingeffectiveness.

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TwoAttractiveShoppers

B.LorenzoBertollaSweaters

C.UndercoverMarketing

D.WaysofAdvertising

4.Eachyearmillionsofbabiesareborntoosoonandtoosmall.Prematureorpretermbirthsmeanbirthsatlessthanthirty-sevenweeks.

Prematurityistheleadingcauseofdeathinnewbornbabies.Morethanone-fourthofthefourmillionnewbornswhodieeachyeararoundtheworldwereborntooearly.

Pretermbabiesthatsurvivecansufferalifetimeofserioushealthconditions.Theexamplesincludecerebralpalsy,blindness,hearingproblemsandlearningdisabilities.Familiesandcommunitiesfaceemotional,physicalandfinancialcosts.

ChristopherHowsonisthevicepresidentforglobalprogramsattheMarchofDimes.HisgroupandtheWorldHealthOrganizationrecentlypublishedareportcalled“TheGlobalandRegionalTollofPretermBirth.”

ChristopherHowson:

“Franklytheproblemofpretermbirthisunder-recognizedandundervalued.Peoplefailtorecognizehowserioustheproblemis.Imean,thisreportshowsthatthirteenmillionbabiesareborneveryyearpreterm,andthatoveramillionofthosebabiesdieasaresultofbeingborntooearly.”

Andthesearejustestimates;thetruenumberscouldbeevenhigher.Morethaneighty-fivepercentofpretermbirthshappeninAfricaandAsia.Africahasthehighestrate,withaboutfourmillioncaseseachyear.

ChristopherHowsonsaysmanyofthecausesofpretermbirthsarerelatedtopovertyandweakhealth-caresystems.

ChristopherHowson:

“Forexam