英国文学史及选读12册复习大纲.docx
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英国文学史及选读12册复习大纲
英国文学史及选读1,2册复习大纲
1.HistoricalBackground
Celts400B.C.Romans50B.C.Anglo―Saxons450A.DNormanInvasion1066A.D.Romanempire从albion撤军，teutonictribes（包括angles,Saxons,jutes）（条顿人or日耳曼人）陆续登陆此地
2.Literature1,pagan异教徒文学2christian基督徒文学alliterativeverse头韵诗
Epic:
Beowulf贝奥武甫（Denmark背景）（thehallheorot鹿兀grendel:
amonsterhalf-human）
1）Oralorigin,recitedincourt,handeddowningenerationsuntilfinallyitwasrecordedbycertainpoet.上下部分由pagan写，插入由christian写
2）amixtureofhistoryandlegend.，england’snationalepic民国史诗
PartIITheAnglo-NormanPeriod（1066-1350）秧格鲁-
诺曼时期
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1.HistoricalBackground
Romanconquest,接着是englishconquest，最后是normanconquest。
TheNormanConquestin1066
DukeWilliamofNormandyclaimedhimselfWilliamI,KingofEngland.（thebattleofhastings希斯廷战役）Kings―Barons男爵―Knights,afeudalsystemofhierarchy统治集团wasformed
2.Thelanguage
Upperclasses:
French,LatinThecommonpeople:
OldEnglish
Threelanguagesco-existedinEngland.FrenchbecametheofficiallanguageusedbythekingandtheNormanlords;Latinbecametheprincipaltongueofchurchaffairsandinuniversities;andOldEnglishwasspokenonlybythecommonEnglishpeople.
3.Theliterature
Romancewasatypeofliteraturethatwasverypopular
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intheMiddleAges.Itisaboutthelifeandadventuresundertakenbyaknight.
Itreflectedthespiritofchivalry骑士制度.Thecontentofromance:
love,chivalryandreligion.Itinvolvesfighting,adventures.
Subjectmatter:
Geoffrey’sHistory杰弗里《史记》，rimingchronicles押韵编年史，metricalverse格律诗体，doggerelverse打油诗体
1）theMatterofFranceeg.Charlemagneandhispeers查
理曼大帝和他的骑士
2）MatterofGreeceandRomeegAkexabder亚历山大大
帝
3）MatterofBritaintaleshavingfortheirheroesArthur
andhisknightsoftheRoundTable
3.mainliterature
SirGawainandthegreenknight.高文爵士和绿衣骑士（arthur，gawain,greenknight,morgainthefay-woman
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妖精摩根,thegreengirdle绿腰带）
PartIIIGeoffreyChaucer（1340―1400）杰弗里.乔叟
时期
1.HistoricalBackground
HewaslivingatthesametimeasthewriterofSirGawain.In1350AD,100Years'WarbetweenEnglandandFrance.
TheEnglishwon,theycontrolledlargeFrenchterritory领土.TheHenryVIlostitall.HeisfatherofEnglishpoetryWaroftheRoses1455-1485AD
2.What'smiddleageslike?
1）.Themedievalsociety:
hierarchy等级制度socialsystem.
2）.AnotherimportantthinginthemedievalsocietyisChristianity基督God-centeredthinking,mindideology思想体系
3.LifeandworkofChaucer
Chaucerlivedbetween（1340-1400）.Hislifeisclosely
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1.French1360-1370translateFrenchpoetry
2.Italian1372-1386
3.EnglishTheCanterburytales
4.TheCanterburytales
Hegothisstoriesfromvarioussources,Greekauthors,Romanauthors,Italian,French,butthereisnodoubtaboutChaucer'soriginality.Heretellsthestoriesinhisownway.
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ThestoriesaretoldbyagroupofpeopleontheirwaytoandbackfromCanterbury.Pilgrims朝圣者tellstoriestopassthetime.ThejourneyisusedasakindofdevicetounitethevarioustalesNun修女:
Herenthusiasmforgrace,tryingtobecomesomeonethatsheisnot,shecannotpossiblybe.--Pretentiousness,pretending伪装toomuchChaucerhasdifferentattitudetodifferentcharacters
第一句：
assoonasaprilpiercestotheroot,thedroughtofmarch,andbatheseachbudandshoot
Thesignificanceofhiswriting
1）itgivesacomprehensive广泛的pictureofChaucer’stime
2）thedramaticstructure
3）Chaucer’shumor
4）Chaucer’scontributiontotheEnglishlanguage.EversincetheNormanConquesttheFrenchlanguagewasthelanguageatthecourtandtheupperclasses,andLatinwasthelanguageofthelearnedandthechurch.Chaucer
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usedthenativelanguageEnglishandprovedthattheEnglishlanguageisabeautifullanguage.Heincreasedtheprestige威信oftheEnglishlanguage.
5.Popularballads大众民谣
Aballadisanarrative叙述poemthattellsastory.Itisaboutparticularincidents,usuallydramatic.Balletstellstories-abouttragic悲剧的incidents.Theyarewritteninaspecialmusicalpattern,balladmeter-fourmeters,couplets（相连并押韵的两行诗）―
twolineinaunitorquatrain四行诗__ababcdcdCharacteristics:
1）Thebeginningisoftenabrupt突然地.Nointroduction
ofthecharactersandthebackgroundofthetale
2）Therearestrongdramaticelements.Aballaddealswith
asingleepisode插曲
3）thestoryisoftentoldthroughdialogueandaction
4）thethemeisoftentragic悲剧的
5）Theballadmeterisused.Itcontainsfour-linestanza
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节，段
在英国把民谣当文学形式研究的第一人是托马斯.帕西主教BishopThomasPercy,他将民谣收录到《英诗辑古》ReliquesofAncientEnglishPoetry中。
RobinHoodandAllin-a-Dale罗宾汉和阿林代尔GetUpandBartheDoor.起来去关门SirPatrickSpens派屈克。
斯宾塞爵士
PartIVTheRenaissance文艺复兴时期
1.HistoricalBackground
1）ThereignofQueenElizabeth（1558_1603）
Englandenjoyedaperiodofpeaceandprosperity
2）ThedefeatoftheSpanishArmada舰队bytheEnglish
navyin1588.Afterthebattle,Englandgraduallybecameamightynaval海军的power.
3）Humanism人文主义
Renaissance:
itisaFrenchwordthatmeansDrebirth‖复活inEnglish.Inthe15thand16thcentury,scholarsinwesternEuropeancountrieshadakeeninterestin
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theGreekandLatinculture.ThatistheartandscienceofancientGreeceandRomewerebeingbornagainafterlongyearsofneglect.忽略
Humanism:
Thewelfare幸福ofhumanbeingisveryimportant.Itemphasestheworthoflifeinthisworld,andthedignityofhumanbeing.
4）主要作者介绍
ThomasMore:
Utopia托马斯。
莫尔：
乌托邦ThomasWyatt:
怀亚特：
把sonnet十四行诗引入英国第一人
EdmundSpenser:
theFairyQueen埃德蒙。
斯宾塞：
仙后
JohnLyly:
Eupheus约翰。
黎里：
艳词，首创euphuism绚丽体
ChristopherMarlowe:
克里斯托弗。
马洛：
把blankverse无韵诗作为英语戏剧主要表达方式的开创者
Englishdrama是英国文艺复兴的主流
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2.Thewriters
WilliamShakespeare（1564―1616）
1）Hislifeandwork
C1592,arrivedinLondondoingverymeanjobs,thenhejoinedLordchamberlain’s国王侍从company,becameveryfamous.
Hebecameashareholder股东intheGlobeandboughtabighouseinhishometown.Heboughtacoatofarmsforhisfather。
出生地：
Stratford-on-Avon,Warwickshire-2poems,37plays,154sonnets
Hisplays-1,Historiesandcomedies2.Tragedies3.Romances
Theimportanceofhiswriting（morecanbeadded）
1）Shakespearerepresentedthetread脚步ofhistoryingivingvoicetothedesiresandaspirationsofthepeople.（peace）
2）Shakespeare’shumanism.Hisplaysreflectedthespiritofhisage.
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3Hewasagreatpoet
4）HewasamasteroftheEnglishlanguage.
5）Hisfirstoriginalplaywritteninabout1590wasKingHenryVI
6）Hmalet,哈姆雷特Othello,奥赛罗KingLear,李尔王andtheTragedyofMacbeth麦克白areregardedasShakespeare’sfourgreattragedies.
Hamblet:
讲的是丹麦故事，反映的是英国的事情
主要人物：
Claudius克劳迪斯，死去国王的弟弟，QueenGertrude乔特鲁得：
王子的母亲，Polonius波洛琉斯：
爱说闲话的官员，Ophelia奥菲利亚：
官员的女儿，Laertes雷欧提斯：
官员的儿子
TheMerchantofVenice威尼斯商人
主要人物：
Bassanio巴萨尼奥，Antonio安东尼奥，Shylock夏洛克:
awealthyJew犹太人，Portia鲍西亚：
Bassanio’sgirlfriend,Jessica杰西卡：
shylock’sdaughter,Lorenzo罗兰佐：
Bassanio’sfriendandJessica’sboyfriend,
Nerissa尼莉莎：
Portia’swaiting-woman侍女，Gratiano:
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葛莱西安诺：
Bassanio’sanotherfriendandNerissa’sboyfriend
地点：
Belmont贝尔蒙特
Sonnet18:
Thefirsteightlines:
shallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?
thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperat….
--TheEnglishsummer:
warm,nothot,givespeopleahappyfeeling,lotsofsunshine
--Proposingacomparison：
Evenbettertoasummer’sday--Roughwinds―nature，Theduration持续ofsummer:
endsverysoon，Hot_thesun
Summerisbeautiful,butitwillchangeintowinter，But―change
ThispoemissimilartheSpencer’斯宾塞ssonnetsSpencerisusingtide潮水__time，
Shakespeareisusingsummer―time
Sonnet29:
Thefirsteightlines:
“when,indisgracewithfortuneand
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men’seyes,Iallalone…..‖unlucky,unfortunatedespisedbyotherpeople
Describeshisunfavorablecondition,thereforeheisverysad.
Line9-12：
Theauthor―thelark云雀
Hisgreathappiness―thememoryofhisfriendbringshishappiness
--Magicaleffect
FrancisBacon：
十七世纪初，英国的杰出散文家
1.hislife：
Pope蒲柏descibedhimasthewisest,brightes,meanstofmankind，Bacon’sworkmaybedividedintothreeclasses,thephilosophical,theliterary,andtheprofessionalworks.Thefinaleditionofessayscontains58essays.
2.writing
（OfTruth,谈真理OfStudies谈读书）
PartVThe17thcenturyTheperiodofrevolutionandrestoration.17世纪资产阶级与王政复辟时期
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1.HistoricalBackground
1）EnglishBourgeoisRevolution英国资产阶级革命DuringthereignofElizabeth,Englandenjoyedatimeofprosperityandfastdevelopment.JamesI（Stuart斯图亚特王室）,achangeofDynasty,alltheconflicts,whichhasstartedduringElizabethreign,hascomeintosurface.JamesIimposed担负的heavetaxesonbusinessmen,bourgeoisie,hecontrolledthemanufactureproduct__monopoly垄断,butpeoplebelievedinfreetrade
KingVS.TheParliament（hasthesupportofthecapitalistsandbusinessmenandalsothePuritans清教徒）2）thepersecution迫害者ofthePuritans
CharlesIwasbeheaded砍头.AfterthecivilWar,theparliamentwasinpower―Crowell克罗韦尔becametheLord君主Protector（1653）CharlesII,andrestoration,JamesII
WilliamOrangesingedDTheBillofRights‖which
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greatlyrestricted约束thepoweroftheEnglishKing.Thecivilwarhastransformedthecountryfromtyrannytoaconstitutionalmonarch.
Therevolutionperiodisalsocalledpuritanage,becausetheEnglishrevolutionwascarriedoutunderareligiouscloak
2，literature
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这一时期的四约翰（JohnMilton弥尔顿，JohnBunyan班扬，JohnDonne多恩，JohnDryden德莱顿）成为文坛杰出人物，metaphysicalpoet玄学派andFrenchdrama的影响成为两个重要的文学概念。
Theliteratureofthemiddleandlaterperiodsofthe17thcenturycultimatedinthepoetryofMilton,intheprose散文writingofBunyan,andalsointheplaysandliterarycriticism文学评论ofDryden.MiltonandbunyanrepresentedtheextremeofEnglishlifeinthe17thcentury.Onegaveustheonlyepic史诗sinceBeo
升级会员 