专八改错技巧总结.docx
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专八改错技巧总结
英语专八改错解题思路1.宏观层面分析
(1)句子结构(理顺整个句子的结构,必要时检索上下文)
(2)逻辑关系(关联词选择:
并列、递进、因果、转折、假设、让步等)
(3)时态和语态(完成时和虚拟语气是考查重点)2.微观层面分析
(1)缺漏(介词、代词、引导词)
(2)冗余(两个主语、同义重复)
(3)误用(词性、分词、正反义、主被动、形容词和副词级别)
(4)一致性(名词单复数、主谓一致、先行词)(5)词义与固定搭配3.注意事项
(1)即使按照语感很快找到了疑似错误,也要坚持读完全句再做判断,可能会有新的发现。
过于相信第一感觉而带来的失分是划不来的。
(2)分两次改比较合理,因为毕竟只有少数人能够在第一遍看材料的时候就找出所有的错误,尽管这些错误不见得隐藏得多深。
(3)常考题型,高度警惕。
冠词:
the变a,a变the,补the补a,删a删the,每年都玩的把戏。
单复数:
无非是his变their之类的,关键是细心。
近义词:
例如distinct和distinctive,move和movement,interest和interests…
反义词:
尤其看到dis,un,im,in,non之类的,更要琢磨一下。
关联词:
几乎是保留节目,and,but,however,though,moreover,therefore…
非谓语动词:
见了ing想ed,见了ed想ing,就是这么贱。
形容词比较级:
多半是把原形改为比较级。
考的频率也蛮高的。
虚拟语气:
注意一下还是比较容易看出来的,多长个心眼儿吧。
It:
有时要加,有时要删,有时要变itself,总之多盯“它”几眼。
动词词组:
其实主要是介词的问题,这个没办法临时抱佛脚,要靠积累.
改错:
1、改错虽然为主观题,但错误类型相对集中,可分为以下几种情况:
定冠词:
a,an,the误用,甚至多出来;解决办法:
分析定冠词的主语及上下文有无指代;
级:
分两类错误,第一种是原级用成比较级,比较级用成最高级,反之亦然。
有一种除外,是两者比较谁最好,可以用最高级;第二种是意思相反,如most改为least;
连词错误:
也分两种,第一种为连词误用,应该表示转折的用成了并列,比如while改为and;第二种为近义词。
在不同语境中用However,Nonetheless,比用but更合适,更合乎语法;(与逻辑关系也有关,看上下文,联系语境)
词性错误:
多出现为形容词转变为副词,反之亦然;也有可能是限定,如adv.+adj.+n.,如下所说;形容词改为动词或名词等,多出现在一词多性的情况下;
形容词限定错误:
出现在adj.+adj.+n.要知道第1个adj.是限定第2个adj.还是限定n.;若是限定第2个adj.,大多改为副词adv.;
搭配错误:
多为介词搭配错误,如insomeextent改为to,relyin改为on等;也有搭配词没有给出,需要自己添加,比如define...as;
词义错误:
比如:
ratherthan改为otherthan;(此项比较难)
近义形容词错误:
例如:
respective,respectable,respectful,respecting,respected;(此项比较难)
缺失:
例如thefact后面直接接了句子,中间缺少that,表明同位关系;
多余:
有的地方莫名其妙多出一个词,多为介词,是没有用的;
词义相反:
多出现在形容词,需要在前面添加或去掉in-,im-,ir-,un-等否定前缀;
主动被动:
分析主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系是主动还是被动,多出现在分句中;
三单:
主语与谓语是单数还是复数,主语是否为不可数名词,是的话如何判断谓语动词是单数还是复数,还是有特殊用法;
时态:
现在时用为过去式,或者进行时用成了现在时等;
定语从句用错先行词:
which用成了that;难点儿的比如:
forwhich用成了which,要知道forwhich=why,in/atwhich=where;还有什么情况下必须用that,比如人和物搭配,序数词,theone,theonly,不缺任何成分,有否定词,有all等;
以下八大高频考点的分类出自《华研·专八人文知识与改错》,现将八大类错误整理如下,主要包括:
1.短语搭配错误;2.易混词错误;3.逻辑关系错误;4.代词错误(一致错误);5.冠词错误;6.形容词和副词使用错误;7.成分残缺或冗余;8.动词时态或语态错误。
笔者认为这八类错误基本涵盖了改错考试中出现的错误,首先了解错误类型,对应对改错具有重要意义。
另外,笔者在总结《华研·专八人文知识与改错》和《星火·专八改错满分突破60篇》两本练习册中近100篇改错题的基础上,搜集其中出现的所有典型错误例子(语法词汇类错误居多),并根据所属错误类型整理如下。
(注意:
带—>的表示前边的是错误的,后边的是改正之后的;其他的没有正确错误之分)
1.短语搭配错误(大部分为介词错误)
carry/getwiththings–>carry/getonwiththingstoletalone–>letalone
inreturnto–>inreturnfortheneedof–>theneedfor
substituteAwithB–>substituteAforBaccount70% -->accountfor70%
underthegroundsof/that–>onthegroundsof/that
attitudeonlife–>attitudetowards/tolife
inaquickspeed–>ataquickspeedwithmanyrespects–>inmanyrespects
atthefaceof–>intheface(s)ofconsiderationsto…–>considerationsfor…
becomevictimsof… -->becomevictimsto…rideinatrain–>rideonatrain
theproblemswiththegovernment–>theproblemsforthegovernment
resistiveagainst–>resistivetoresistanceof–>resistanceto
embarksth–>embarkonsthwiththebeliefthat–>inthebeliefthat
atadvanceofsth–>inadvanceofsthinterpret…to–>interpret…as
inlineto–>inlinewithtovaringdegrees–>invaringdegrees
takeprideof–>takeprideinleapouttome–>leapoutatme
injectthemlethalstrains–>injectthemwithlethalstrains
chargehim with thesameprice–>chargehimthesameprice
imbalanceofAandB–>imbalancebetweenAandB
shortageofproteinwiththem–>shartageofproteinamongthem
fortifysbforsth–>fortifysbagainststh(加强…以抵御…)
shedlighttosth–>shedlightonsthinproportionwith–>inproportionto
payforitwithdollars–>payforitindollarsbeinlibertyto–>beatlibertyto
beginatdoing–>beginwithdoingbecontrastedto–>becontrastedwith
commitanoffenceto–>commitanoffenceagainstmoderntime–>moderntimes
abilityof(doing)sth–>abilityin(doing)sthdefendsthagainst–>defendsthfrom
atthefirstplace–>inthefirstplacepaymoneyindoing–>paymoneyfordoing
taketodo–>taketodoing(“求助于,开始”,to为介词)
yearnto–>yearnforataverage–>onaverage
identifyoneselfto–>identifyoneselfwithbesuccessfulondoing–>besuccessfulat/indoing
getone’steethon–>getone’steethinto(埋头做,认真做)
theactionofformation–>theactionofforming(of后应接动名词而非名词)
approachtodo…–>approachtodoing…onecontributorof–>onecontributorto
consumersdemandofluxurygoods–>consumersdemandforluxurygoods
onone’s30s–>inone’s30sbalkto–>balkat(回避,绕过)
differAfromB–>distinguishAfromBsuittosb/sth–>suitforsb/sth
varyby–varywithemphasisof–emphasison
2.易混词错误
(1)形近异义词
imaginative–imaginaryadapt–adoptconfirm–conform
former–formaldiary–dairypersonal–personnel
beside–besidesprincipal–principleintelligent–intelligible
conscious–conscientiousstationary–stationeryconsiderate–considerable
affect(影响)–effect(致使、达成)contact–contractmoral–morale
industrious–industrialdesert–dessertrequire–acquire–inquire
presence–presentationsensible–sensitivetransformation–transmission
value–evaluatetense–tensionanything–something
cooker–cookcomplexity(复杂性)–complex(合成体)insurance–assurance
provide(提供)–provided/providing(假设,如果)perceive–conceive
effective(有效的)–affective(受…影响的,由…引起的)
(2)形近(形异)近义词
latter–laterlate(迟的,已故的)–latest(最晚的,最新的)
farther(距离更远)–further(程度更进一步)healthy(健康的)–healthful(有益健康的)
effective–efficientcontinual(连续的)–continuous(持续不断的)
respectable–respectfulhistoric–historical
rise–arise–raise–arousesure–insure–ensure–assure
inreturnto–inresponsetoopposite–opposition
producing–productivelonely–aloneacross–crossimpressed--impressive
permit(n.通行证)–permissionrelating–relatedmemorizing–memorable
normal(n.常态,通常标准,一般水平)–norm(规范,行为标准)
favorite–favorableacceptability–acceptanceeconomical–economic
few–littleafew–fewlittle–alittleinvent–discover
before–agoanother–other
agent(代理人)–agency(代理机构)reward(回馈)–award(奖赏)
special–specific
(3)兼有两种形式的副词
firstly–first(firstly用于列举条目或者表示顺序,first表示时间上“第一次、首次”)
hardly(几乎不)–hard(努力地)sure–surelylate–lately
clear(完全地、径直地)–clearly(显然、清楚地)
high(高度高地)–highly(程度高地、非常)
close(接近地、紧密地)–closely(紧密地、严密地)most(最)–most(大部分)
(4)反义词
with–withoutpossible–impossiblesubjective–objective
import–exportbetter–worseemployee–employer
employment–unemploymentmodifiable–unmodifiable
natural–unnaturaldiscernable–indiscernablelent–borrowed
exclusive–inclusiveindependency–dependencywilling–unwilling
nothingmorethan–nothinglessthanagree–disagree
rarely–frequently/oftenspecific–general
less–more(stillmore–stillless)most–leastknown–unknown
respective–irrespective(irrespectiveof表示“不管…”)majority–minority
resultin–resultfromfortunately–unfortunatelypowerful–powerless
easiness–uneasinessprofessional–amateur
aware–unawareinclude–exclude
(5)名词单复数异义
moral–morals(作名词时用复数形式,表示“道德、伦理”)
collection(不可数名词表示“各种因素集合体”)–collections(可数名词表示“收藏品”)
manner(方法,方式)–manners(礼仪,礼节)saving–savings(复数表示“存款”)
specie(硬币)–species(种类)(species只有单数)mean(n.平均值)–means(方法)
(6)易混短语
livewith(同…一起生活,忍受)–liveby(靠…过活)
goabout(doing)sth(开始做某事,四处走动,流传,经常从事于)–goaround(四处走动,绕道走)
tendto–intendto
innextweek(以当下时间为基准点)–inthenextweek(以过去的时间为基准点)
spend…indoingsth–spend…onsthdieof(内部)–diefrom(外部)
ratherthan–otherthanhavesbdosth–havesthdone
takeon(从事,开始对付,呈现)–goon(继续)takeplace–taketheplaceof
consistin(在于)–consistof(包括)inall(总共)–afterall(毕竟)
inreturn(作为报答)–inturn(反过来,轮流)
onereasonfor+短语–onereasonwhy+句子
bringout(使显露,使显现)–bringup(教育,培养,提出,(船)抵达目的地)
beworthdoing–beworthwhiletodo
reactto(对…作出反应)–reactwith(以…作出反应)
apply…to(将…应用于)–applyfor(请求,申请)
3.逻辑关系错误(连词使用错误)
therefore–nevertheless/however (大部分therefore都要改为however,反之亦然)
and–but/whileor–andbut–becausemoreover–however
after–beforesince–althoughthereisno…–thereisalso…
that–iffromnowon–fromthenonall–nonebesides–yet
if–unlessbesides–excepttherefore–becauseso–because
sodoeshe…–neither/nordoeshe…that’swhy+结果–that’sbecause+原因
asif–evenifwhether–if
4.代词错误(一致错误)
their–itsthat–those (需要特别注意)
which–that(有些情况下关系代词只能用that)
which–whatit–itself(主宾相同,宾语用反身代词)
that/this–it(只有it可作形式主语)
his–one’s(泛指时用one)you–yourselfit–theythis–such
XXislesssophisticatedthanwhattheyaretoday–XXislesssophisticatedthantheyaretoday
5.冠词错误
(1)定冠词多余
ontheeitherside–>oneithersideintheEurope–>inEuropeinthewinter–>inwinter(季节前不加定冠词)
Kaufman,the/anauthorofarecentbook–Kaufman,authorofarecentbook(同位语间完全对等关系,不必使用冠词)
taketheissue–>takeissue(对…持异议,不同意)
(2)定冠词缺漏
amongmost–>amongthemostoneoffirst–>oneofthefirst
atmosphere–>theatmosphere(表示独一无二的事物)(另外还有如:
theEquator,theOuterspace)
betweenusandrest–>betweenusandtherest
inminority–>intheminorityaroundfloor–>aroundthefloor
piano–>thepiano(西洋乐器的前面要有定冠词)
Englishlanguage–>theEnglishlanguageatheartof–>attheheartof
world–>theworld(表示“地球”这种独一无二的事物要加定冠词)
inlongrun–>inthelongrun
(3)定冠词与不定冠词之间的误用
illustratethefurtherdifference–>illustrateafurtherdifference(diference第一次提及)
注意以下短语的区别
inchurch–inthechurch
atcollege–atthecollegeincourt–inthecourtinhospital–inthehospital
inoffice–intheoffice
inprison–intheprisonatsea–attheseainschool–intheschool
attable–atthetable
6.形容词与副词使用错误
havebeencurrently–>currentbewellequippedas–>beaswellequippedas
heavyindustrialized–>heavily-industrialized
spreadcolossal–>spreadcolossallysimilarstrong–>similarlystrong
keepthenumberconstantlyatXayear–>keepnumberconstantatXayear
feel