幸福感影响因素.docx

幸福感影响因素.docx

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幸福感影响因素

Anexaminationofpatienceandwell-being

bySchnitker,SarahAnn,Ph.D.,UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,2010,345pages;AAT3429560

Abstract（Summary）

Patience,conceptualizedasthepropensitytowaitcalmlyinthefaceoffrustration,adversity,orsuffering,haslongbeenupheldasacharacterstrengthandcriticalcomponentofhumanflourishingandwell-beingThenew3-FactorPatienceScale（developedinStudy1）measuresthreetypesofpatience（interpersonalpatience,long-termpatience,andshort-termpatience）andispositivelycorrelatedwithwell-beingindicators.Constructvalidityofthemeasureissupportedbymultipleformsofevidence,includingconfirmatoryfactoranalyses,test-retestreliability,participant-informantagreement,etc.InStudy2,goalpursuitandachievementareexaminedasmediatorsoftherelationbetweenpatienceandwell-being.Undergraduateparticipants（N=260）wereassessedfivetimesacrossthecourseofa10-weekquarter.Attheinitialmeasurementoccasion,theylisted10goalstheywerepursuingandratedeachgoalon15pursuitdimensions,includingpatienceenacted,difficulty,achievementsatisfaction,andeffort.Participantsratedthesesamegoalsatsubsequentmeasurementoccasions.Bothtraitpatienceandpatienceenactedongoalspredictedincreasedgoaleffort,progress,andsatisfaction,controllingforBigFivepersonalitytraits.StructuralEquationModeling（SEM）wasusedtoexaminetheeffectsoftraitpatienceonthevariousgoaldimensionsandtestifratingsforthegoaldimensionsmediatedtherelationbetweenpatienceenactedongoalsandgoalsatisfaction.Goalsatisfactionmediatedtherelationbetweentraitpatienceandlifesatisfaction/depression.Additionally,thedynamicsofgoalpursuitovertimewereexaminedbymodelingratingsofpatienceenacted,satisfaction,andeffortonindividualgoals（N=2,360）overthefivemeasurementoccasionswithSEMoflatentcross-laggedregressionmodels.Patienceenactedonagoalpredictedincreasedsatisfactiontwoweekslatercontrollingforvariancesharedatthesametimepoint.ResultsofStudy3supportthecausaleffectofpatienceonwell-being.Participantsintheexperimentalcondition（N=39;controlgroup:

N=28）participatedinatrainingprogramdesignedtoincreasetraitpatience.Administeredoverfour30-minutesessions,theprogramincludedgroupdiscussions,individualactivities（e.g.,reappraisalexercises）,andguidedmeditation.Controllingforinitiallevels,participationinthepatiencetrainingprogramincreasedtraitpatience,decreaseddepression,andincreasedpositiveaffect.

Stress,coping,andpsychologicalwell-being:

ComparisonamongAmericanandAsianinternationalgraduatestudentsfromTaiwan,China,andSouthKorea

byYang,Ya-TingTina,Ph.D.,UniversityofKansas,2010,101pages;AAT3412894

Abstract（Summary）

Thepurposeofthisstudywastoexaminetherelationshipsofstress,coping,andpsychologicalwell-beingamongAmericangraduatestudentsandAsianinternationalgraduatestudentsfromTaiwan,China,andKorea.Thesampleconsistedof131Americangraduatestudents,and77Taiwanese,53Chinese,and50Koreaninternationalgraduatestudentsfrom90universitiesintheUS.Pearsoncorrelationcoefficients,factorialANOVAs,andmultipleregressionanalyseswereconductedforinvestigation.ResultsofthecurrentresearchwereconsistentwithpreviousresearchsuggestingthatAsianinternationalgraduatestudentswerenotahomogeneousgroupinexperiencingstress,coping,andpsychologicalwell-being.Insum,threegroupsofAsianinternationalgraduatestudentsexperiencedgreaterstressthanAmericangraduatestudents.Allgraduatestudentswithgreateracademic,environmental,andfamilystresswereassociatedwithmaladaptivecopingskills.Allgraduatestudentsusingmoreadaptivecopingskillswereassociatedwithgreaterpsychologicalwell-being.Inaddition,doctoralstudents,nomattertheculture,reportedhavinglessoverallstressandgreaterpsychologicalwell-being.AlthoughTaiwaneseinternationalgraduatestudentstendedtousemaladaptivecopingskills,theirpsychologicalwell-beingwasstillgreat.PerceivedEnglishskillsremainedtobeastrongpredictorinstress,coping,andpsychologicalwell-beingespeciallyinChineseandKoreaninternationalstudents.

Theeffectsofattitudinalbalanceonwell-being

byFuglestad,PaulT.,Ph.D.,UniversityofMinnesota,2010,145pages;AAT3422545

Abstract（Summary）

Althoughtheoriesofcognitiveconsistencyhavereceivedmuchempiricalattention,littleresearchhasinvestigatedtheimpactsofinconsistenciesonpeople'srelationalandpersonalwell-being.Drawingonbalancetheory（Heider,1958）,thepresentinvestigationexaminedtherelationsofimbalance（i.e.,theextentofattitudinaldiscrepancywithcloseothers）andimbalancereductionstrategiestowell-beingandthemoderatinginfluenceofself-monitoring（Snyder,1974）.Itwashypothesizedthatdiscrepancywithcloseothersregardingimportantattitudes（e.g.,corevalues）wouldhavenegativeeffectsonrelationalandpersonalwell-beingandthatself-monitoringwouldmoderatetheserelations.ParticipantscompletedtheSelf-MonitoringScale,assessmentsofattitudesfromthestandpointofselfandcloseothers（e.g.,friends,romanticpartner）,andmeasuresofrelational（e.g.,closeness,communicationquality）andpersonalwell-being（e.g.,lifesatisfaction,anxiety）.Acrossmultiplestudies,discrepancywithcloseothersregardingthefavorabilityofcorevalueswasconsistentlyrelatedtolessrelationalandpersonalwell-being.Thispatternwasparticularlytrueofromanticrelationshipsandfriendshipsandwasmoderatedbyself-monitoring.Forlowself-monitors,greatervaluediscrepancywithfriendsandromanticpartnerspredictedlessrelationalandpersonalwell-being,andtherelationofdiscrepancytopersonalwell-beingwaspartiallymediatedbyrelationalwell-being.Forhighself-monitors,greatervaluediscrepancywithromanticpartnerspredictedlessrelationalwell-being,butdidnotpredictpersonalwell-being.Additionally,theuseofdirectdiscussionasameanstoaddressimbalancewasrelatedtobetterrelationshipfunctioningandgreaterwell-being,whereasavoidancewasrelatedtonegativeoutcomes.Resultssuggestthatbalanceprocessesareimportantforcloserelationshipsandpsychologicalwell-being.Furthermore,individualdifferencesinself-monitoringmeaningfullymoderatetheseprocesses.

Evaluationofworkengagementasameasureofpsychologicalwell-beingfromworkmotivation

byAntonison,Mark,Ph.D.,TheUniversityofAlabamainHuntsville,2010,275pages;AAT3438414

Abstract（Summary）

Employeemotivationisrelatedtoorganizationalimprovementsandemployeewell-being;therefore,understandingmotivationlevelswithintheworkforceisimportanttoachievementoforganizationalgoals.Employeewell-beingmetricswithsensitivitybeyondjobsatisfactionmayprovidemanagerswithbetterfeedbackonemployeeworkmotivation.Directmeasurementofworkmotivationisdifficultbecauseitisahigherorderlatentvariablethatmustbeinferredfrommeasurementsofotheremployeework-relatedattitudesandbehaviors.Arelativelynewconstructcalledworkengagementhasbeendevelopedtomeasureemployeewell-beingatwork.Workengagementisdefinedbythreehighlycorrelatedfactors:

vigor,dedicationandabsorption.Thisdissertationevaluatedusingworkengagementasameasureofworkmotivation.Goaltheoryandjobcharacteristicstheoryprovidedtheframeworkfortworesearchmodels.Antecedentvariablesfromthetwomotivationtheoriesweretreatedaspredictorsofanemployee'slevelofworkengagement,includinggoalorientations,jobgoalattributes,occupationalself-efficacy,andjobcharacteristics.Thethreefactorsofworkengagementweretreatedasdependentvariables.

Themodelsweretestedusingacross-sectionalfieldstudyapproach.Researchmodelvariableswereoperationalizedinawebsurveybycombiningmeasurementscalesofpreviouslyvalidatedsurveyinstrumentsfromtheliterature.Thewebsurveywasdistributedtograduateengineeringstudentswithjobsandtoallemployeesofanengineeringtechnicalservicescompany.

Resultswereanalyzedtoevaluatethestrengthandsignificanceofcorrelationsandregressionpathsbetweenvariables.Structuralequationmodelingwasemployedtoevaluategoodness-of-fitbetweenthetheoreticalresearchmodelsandthesampledataset.Thegoaltheoryresearchmodelproducedfavorableresults.Theimplicationformanagementisthatworkengagementcanbeusedtomeasureworkmotivationinanengineeringtechnicalservicesorganization.Theresultsshowthatgoaltheory,whendeployedinanorganizationthatpromoteshealthyworkplacepractices,willhaveapositiveeffectonemployeepsychologicalwell-beingfromincreasedworkmotivation.Thiseffectcanbereliablyandvalidlymeasuredbymanagersusingthe9-itemversionoftheUtrechtWorkEngagementSurveyinstrument.

Themoderatingeffectofrolequalityontherelationshipbetweenwork-familyconflictandwell-being:

Alongitudinalstudy

byLeComte-Hinely,JennaRisa,M.S.,PortlandStateUniversity,2010,148pages;AAT1479532

Abstract（Summary）

Work-familyconflict（WFC）isastressorthatcancausenegativeconsequences,includingdeleteriouseffectsonanindividual'shealthandwell-being.ThisstudyexaminedthisrelationshipthroughthelensoftheJobDemands-Resources（JD-R）Model.ThisstudyexpandedontworecentapplicablestudiestoexaminerolequalityasamoderatoroftheWFC-well-beingrelationship.Well-beingwasoperationalizedbythreeconstructs:

overallhealth,depression,andlifesatisfaction.Hierar