高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷21Unit1Greatscientists新人教版必修.docx
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高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷21Unit1Greatscientists新人教版必修
2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷21Unit1Greatscientists新人教版必修
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(xx·广东中山纪念中学高三模拟)Teacher,Lawyer,Doctor—whensomeonesays“career”,theseclassicjobsarethefirstonesyouthinkabout,right?
We'vefoundfourunmoncareerswithawesomeandunusualbenefits.
ChiefListeningOfficer
YoumaynothaveheardofaChiefListeningOfficer,butthey'veprobablyheardfromyou.CLOscloselymonitorsocialplatformsandconversationstokeepaneye(andear!
)onwhat'sbeingsaidabouttheirpanyorbrand.Yourworkenablesafastresponsetoanyandallplaints,questions,ormisinformation.
Whyit'sawesome:
Thisjobisontherise.Asmoreorganizationsrelyonsocialmediaformarketresearchandcustomerservice,thepositionofCLOwillonlybeemoreimportant.
FoodStylist
Mouthwateringrestaurantmercialsandwastefulmagazinephotographsofdeliciousfooddon'teeasy:
ittakestheworkofafoodstylisttomakeitallhappen.Armedwithcookingskills,creativestyle,andtoolsrangingfromlipsticktolard,yougetfoodreadyforitsphotograph.
Whyit'sawesome:
Thisisoneofthoserarecookingjobsthatprovidechancestocreate,butdon'trequireyoutoslaveawayinarestaurantkitchen.
GlobalMobilityConsultant
Asaglobalmobilityconsultant,youhelpemployeesmakesmoothtransitions(过渡)intotheirnewhomes—whetherit'sinBangkok,Berlin,orthenextstateover.
Whyit'sawesome:
Ifyou'rethetypewhoenjoystravelandlikeslearningaboutothercultures,systemsandtraditions,thiscareercouldbeaperfectfit.Aspaniescontinuetoexpandacrossborders,thispositionisexpectedtogrowby21percentoverthenextfewyears.
putationalLinguist
putationalLinguistshelpputersandhumansmunicatewitheachother.Morespecifically,youcreateputerprogramsthatcantranslate,transcribe,andprehendregular,humanlanguage.
Whyit'sawesome:
Thisfieldisthefrontlineforexcitingtechnologicalareaslikespeechrecognitionandartificialintelligence.Inotherwords,youcouldhelpcreaterobots.
语篇导读
本文为说明文,介绍了四种不同寻常的职业:
首席收听官,食物造型师,全球流动性顾问和计算机语言学家。
1.WhatdoesaChiefListeningOfficerdo?
A.Domarketresearch.
B.Listentochiefofficers.
C.Respondtocustomers'opinions.
D.Tracksocialplatformsandconversations.
解析D 细节理解题。
根据ChiefListeningOfficer中第一段第二句可知,CLO的工作就是监听和搜集社交平台和对话中对他们任职公司的或品牌的谈论,其中Track和文中的monitor为同义词,故选D项。
2.Whatisvitalifyouwanttobeafoodstylist?
A.Hardworkinarestaurantkitchen.
B.Restaurantsanddeliciousfood.
C.Cookingskillsandcreativity.
D.mercialsandmagazines.
解析C 细节理解题。
根据FoodStylist中第一段第二句可知,当你具备了厨艺、创新造型和工具,你就为你的食物拍照作好了准备,所以对食品造型师来说重要的是厨艺和创造性,故选C项。
3.Whatmaycontributetothegrowingneedforglobalmobilityconsultants?
A.People'slovefortravel.
B.People'sinterestinothercultures.
C.Employees'desireforgreatprogress.
D.panies'tendencytoexpandglobally.
解析D 细节理解题。
根据GobalMobilityConsultant中第二段最后一句可知,导致对全球流动咨询师的需求上涨的原因是各公司不断的跨国扩张(发展),故选D项。
4.Whatareputationallinguistsgoodataccordingtothetext?
A.Bothputersandlanguages.B.municatingwithothers.
C.Speechrecognition.D.Creatingrobots.
解析A 推理判断题。
根据putationalLinguist中第一段第二句可知,计算机语言学家是编写程序使计算机能翻译、转换和理解人类常用语言,也就是说他们要对计算机和人类语言都擅长才能完成这一工作,故选A项。
B
JosephGoldbergerwasadoctorfortheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServiceandhewasanadvocateforscientificandsocialrecognitionofthelinksbetweenpovertyanddisease.In1914,GoldbergerwasaskedbyUSSurgeonGeneralRupertBluetostudyaskindiseasethatwaskillingthousandsofpeopleintheSouth.Thediseasewaspellagra(糙皮病).
GoldbergertraveledtothestateofMississippiwheremanypeoplesufferedfrompellagra.Hestudiedthevictimsandtheirfamilies.Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife.Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn'tpassonfromonetoanother,butwasinsteadrelatedtofood.Hereceivedpermissionfromthestategovernortotestthisideaataprison.Prisonerswereofferedpardonsiftheytookpart.Onegroupofprisonersreceivedtheirusualfoods,mostlycornproducts.Asecondgroupatemeat,freshvegetablesanddrankmilk.Membersofthefirstgroupdevelopedpellagra.Thesecondgroupdidnot.
ButsomemedicalresearchersrefusedtoacceptGoldberger'sidea.FortheSouth,pellagrawasmorethansimplyamedicalproblem.Therewereotherthings,includingSouthernpride.
SoGoldbergerhadhimselfinjected(注射)withbloodfromapersonwithpellagra.Healsotookliquidfromthenoseandthroatofapellagrapatientandputthemintohisownnoseandthroat.Heevenswallowedpillsthatcontainedskinfrompellagrapatients.Anassistantalsotookpartintheexperiments.SodidGoldberger'swife.Noneofthemgotsick.
JosephGoldbergerdiedofcancerin1929.Hewasfiftyfiveyearsold.Severalyearslater,researchersdiscoveredtheexactcauseofpellagra:
alackofvitaminB3knownasniacin.
语篇导读
本文为记叙文,介绍了美国医生约瑟夫·古德伯格研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程。
约瑟夫·古德伯格医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动。
5.WhowereeasytargetsofpellagraaccordingtoGoldberger?
A.PeopleinAmerica.B.Peopleputintoprison.
C.Peoplehavingapoordiet.D.Peopletouchingpellagrapatients.
解析C 细节理解题。
根据第二段第三句,再结合古德伯格在监狱进行的实验的内容可知,在古德伯格看来,糙皮病和食物有关,而且患者大多生活条件差;再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知,不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病,故选C项。
6.WhatdidGoldbergerwanttoprovebytheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4?
A.Pellagrawasn'tsoterrible.B.Pellagradidn'tspread.
C.Pellagracouldbecured.D.Pellagrawasn'tamedicalproblem.
解析B 推理判断题。
根据第二段提到的古德伯格认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容和结果可推知,古德伯格进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不会传染,故选B项。
7.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeGoldberger?
A.Devotedanddetermined.B.Selflessandfriendly.
C.Patientandexpert.D.Stubbornandenthusiastic.
解析A 推理判断题。
文中提到的古德伯格在监狱及在他自己身上作实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中,有奉献精神;尽管一些人不认可古德伯格的观点,但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的,这体现出他意志坚定,故选A项。
Ⅱ.语法填空
Scientistshavediscoveredthat1.staying(stay)inthecoldcouldhelpusloseweight.ResearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatexposuretothecoldincreaseslevelsofaproteinthathelpsformbrownfat—thetypeoffatthatproducesheatandkeepsuswarm.Brownfatburnsenergy,2.whichhelpsusloseweight.Whitefatstoresextraenergy,whichresults3.inweightgain.Theresearcherssaidthatbecauseairconditioningandheatinggiveusconstant,4.fortable(fort)temperatures,ourbody'sneedforbrownfathasdecreased.TheyfoundthatoutdoorworkersinnorthernFinlandwho5.areexposed(expose)tocoldtemperaturehave6.asignificantamountofbrownfatwhen7.pared(pare)tosameagedindoorworkers.
Theresearchwasconductedontwodifferentcontrolgroupsofmice.8.Onegroupwasinjectedwiththeproteinthathelpscreatebrownfat.Thisgrouplatergained30%lessweightafterbothgroupswerefedhighfatdiets.Theresearcherssaidthiscouldbegoodnewsinthefightagainstobesity.Peoplewhoareobesehave9.lower(low)levelsofbrownfatthanthinnerpeople.Ifyoucansomehowincreaselevelsofthisprotein,youcould10.possibly(possible)losemoreweightevenifeatingthesameamountoffood.
语篇导读
本文为说明文。
科学家发现处在寒冷的环境中有助于减肥,因为处在寒冷的环境中能提高一种蛋白质的含量,这种蛋白质有助于形成褐色脂肪,而褐色脂肪可以燃烧能量。
1.staying 解析考查非谓语动词。
句意:
科学家已发现处在寒冷的环境中有助于我们减肥。
分析句子结构可知此处应用动名词作主语。
2.which 解析考查连词。
句意:
褐色脂肪燃烧能量,这有助于我们减肥。
所填词引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语,指代前面整句话,故用which引导。
3.in 解析考查介词。
句意:
白色脂肪储存多余的能量,这会导致体重增加。
resultin导致;造成,为固定搭配。
4.fortable 解析考查词性转换。
句意:
研究人员说因为空调和供暖给我们提供了持续且舒适的温度,我们身体对褐色脂肪的需求下降了。
空处和constant之间为并列关系,共同作temperatures的定语,故应用形容词。
5.areexposed 解析考查时态、语态和主谓一致。
句意:
他们发现芬兰北部暴露在寒冷温度中的室外工人与同样年龄的室内工人相比,拥有大量的褐色脂肪。
expose是及物动词,who指代上文的workers,beexposedto暴露在……之下,根据主谓一致原则,故填areexposed。
6.a 解析考查冠词。
asignificantamountof大量的,为固定搭配。
7.pared 解析考查非谓语动词。
此处是“连词+分词”结构,pare和句子主语outdoorworkers之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词。
8.One 解析考查数词。
句意:
一组老鼠被注射了有助于产生褐色脂肪的蛋白质。
根据上文内容可知,此处指两组中的一组,因为位于句首,故填One。
9.lower 解析考查比较等级。
句意:
肥胖的人比瘦的人的褐色脂肪水平要低。
根据句中的than可知,此处应用low的比较级修饰名词levels。
10.possibly 解析考查词性转换。
句意:
如果你能用某种方法提高这种蛋白质的水平,即使吃同样多的食物,你可能减掉更多的体重。
副词作状语修饰动词lose。
Ⅲ.短文改错
IamveryhappythatyouareinterestedintheprotectionofantelopesinChina,soI'dliketotellyou
①aboutit.
Inthepast,somepeople
②antelopesfortheirfreefurwhichcanbemadeintomanybeautifulthingsthatareveryexpensive.As
③result,thenumberofantelopeswasdecreasingdaybyday.Nowthings
/
④tochange.Thegovernmentandthelocalpeopletakepowerfulmeasurestoprotectantelopessothattheywillnotdie
⑤inthefuture.They
⑥takenmanyeffectivemeasures,suchasmakingstrictlaws
/
⑦antelopes,settingupseveralreservesfortheantelopes,andsoon.Ofcourse,it's
⑧prohibitedtobuyorsellanythingmadeof
⑨fur.
Nowadays,toourjoy,therearemuch/
⑩moreandmoreantelopesinChina.What'smore,theirlivingconditionshavegreatlyimproved.
①解析告诉你“一些”事情。
②解析根据Inthepast可确定句子时态为一般过去时。
③解析asaresult结果是。
④解析“be+过去分词”构成的是被动语态,而该句无被动意义,故改成现在完成时;或者根据now可以将句子改为现在进行时。
⑤解析dieout灭绝。
⑥解析上句说到:
政府采取措施保护羚羊,时态是一般现在时,则下句就不会用到过去完成时。
⑦解析makelawson(doing)sth在某方面制定法律;makelawstodosth制定法律来做某事。
⑧解析副词作状语修饰动词。
⑨解析antelope修饰名词时需要用单数形式;也可以用antelopes的名词所有格形式修饰fur。
⑩解析antelopes为可数名词复数,故将much改成many或删除much。
moreandmore越来越多。
2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习单元检测卷22Unit2TheUnitedKingdom新人教版必修
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(状元桥原创)
TheBritishdrinkingculture
Ifirstmetalcoholinthelate1980s.Itwasthemorningafteroneofmyparents'parties.MysisterandI,aged9or10,wereupalone.Weweresearchingforabandonedcans.Irememberbeingmethodical(有方法的):
pickoneup,giveitashaketoseeifthere'sanythinginside,andifthereis,drink!
Icanstillrememberthewarmtasteofthebeeronmytongue.
Inmymidteens,Istartedtodrinkmoreoften.Ifoundthatdrinkingmadebeingahumaneasier.DrinkingmeantIcouldtalktopeoplemoreeasily,somet