届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 8 Unit 24 Society.docx

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届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book 8 Unit 24 Society.docx

届高三北师大版英语大一轮复习文档Book8Unit24Society

重点识记词汇

1.governvt.统治,管理

2.accumulatev.积累

3.vacantadj.未住人的,空置的

eintobeing形成,存在

5.windsb.up故意惹恼(某人,尤指开玩笑)

6.resignvt.&vi.辞职

7.deletevt.删除

8.virtuen.优点,长处

9.showoff炫耀,夸耀

10.electvt.选举,推选

11.knockintosb.撞上某人

12.castvt.&n.投下

13.turningpoint转折点

14.undertakevt.着手做,从事

15.breakinto闯入

16.finen.罚款

17.onprinciple根据原则

18.abolishvt.废除

19.consequentlyadv.所以,因此

20.homelessnessn.无家可归→homelessadj.无家可归的

21.voluntaryadj.自愿的→volunteern.志愿者

22.abundantadj.大量的→abundancen.大量;丰盛

23.signaturen.签名→signv.签(名)

24.adjustmentn.调整,调节→adjustvt.调整,调节

25.diverseadj.各种各样的→diversityn.多样性;差异

26.bareadj.赤祼的→barelyadv.仅仅;几乎不

27.spiritualadj.宗教的,教会的;精神的→spiritn.精神

28.sentencen.&vt.判决→sentencesb.todeath判某人死刑

29.burdenn.重担,负担;vt.(使)担负→beburdenedwith加负担于;使负重担

必背经典句式

1.Asasociety,it’shightimethatwetooktheseissuesmoreseriously.

作为整个社会来讲,到了我们应该更加认真地考虑这些问题的时候了。

2.I’dratheryoudidn’tmentionthat.

我宁愿你不提起那件事。

3.Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs?

要是一些已婚的人有了婚外恋怎么办?

4.Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople’smovements.

他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口,这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。

构词记忆

 decoration/ˌdekə′reIʃn/n.[U]&[C]装饰;装潢;装饰品

description/dI′skrIpʃn/n.[C]&[U]描写;形容;叙述

destination/ˌdestI′neIʃn/n.[C]目标;目的地;终点

devotion/dI′vəʊʃn/n.[U]献身;忠诚;热心

Ⅰ.词汇与派生

A.语境填词

1.Hewillbesetfreeassoonasthefine(罚款)ispaid.

2.Abundant(大量的)rainfallthisyearmeansrainfallisenough.

3.Takingcareofhissickbrotherisagreatburden(负担)tohim.

4.Hewassentenced(判刑)toalllifeinprisonforhisviolentbehaviour.

5.Mr.Zhangwaselected(选举)asthesixthheadmasterlastmonth.

6.Sincehegraduatedfromcollege,hehasbeenundertaking(从事)experimentsandcalculations.

7.Thecountryisgoverned(统治)byelectedrepresentativesofthepeople.

8.Heaccumulated(积累)afortunethroughpropertyspeculation.

9.Itisalsoavirtue(优点)toforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.

10.Allthreehousesarevacant(空的);she’smakingnoattempttorentthemout.

B.用所给词的适当形式填空

11.Whensheretired,shedidalotofvoluntary(volunteer)workfortheRedCross.

12.Thekindoldladyofferedtotakeinthepoorhomeless(homelessness)boy.

13.Iwasforcedtosign(signature)theagreementagainstmywill.

14.Withoutdiversity(diverse),therecanbenoworldasweknow.

15.DoyouknowMr.Lihashandedinhisresignation(resign)?

Ⅱ.短语运用

A.用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空

doawaywith,showoff,beburdenedwith,contributeto,chargefor,breakinto,sentencetodeath,knockinto,comeintobeing,windup

16.Idon’tlikehimverymuch.He’sveryproudandalwaystriestoshowoff.

17.Hewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtodeathbypoisoning.

18.Shereadasshewalked,andthenknockedintoatree.

19.TheauthortellsusinParagraph1howtwo“Irelands”cameintobeing.

20.Nowadayspeasantsarenolongerburdenedwithheavytaxation.

21.It’sbadmannerstobreakintoanofficewithoutknockingatthedoor.

22.YourhardworkcontributedtoyourgreatprogressinEnglish.

23.Areyoudeliberatelywindingmeup?

24.Theseridiculousrulesandregulationsshouldhavebeendoneawaywithyearsago.

25.Howmuchdoyouchargeforadoubleroom?

B.用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空

aboveall,inabundance,insearchof,onprinciple,atrisk

26.Allkindsofflowersgrowinabundanceinthepark.

27.Atsuchmoments,therearethoseonbothsidesofthisdebatewhowillactonprinciple.

28.Iftheyhavethevirustheyareputtingpatientsatrisk.

29.Wemustwork,andaboveallwemustbelieveinourselves.

30.Therewasaneconomicboomandthousandsofpeopleflockedtothecityfromthecountrysideinsearchofwork.

Ⅲ.经典句式

31.It’shightimethatwetookmeasurestofightforatotaltobaccoban.

到了采取措施为了全面的烟草禁令而战的时候了。

32.I’dratheryoupostedtheletter.

我愿意你去寄信。

33.Whatifthisproblemhadtobesolvedinthenexthalfanhour?

在接下来的半小时里,如果这个问题必须解决,你会怎样做?

34.TheInternetmakesiteasierforpeopletoknowabouttheworld.

互联网使人们更容易了解世界。

1

onavoluntarybasis在自愿的基础上

dovoluntarywork参加志愿工作

volunteerfor自愿参加

volunteertodo自愿做……

volunteeras志愿当……

Moralityismoralonlywhenitisvoluntary.

只有出于自愿时,道德才是道德的。

[夯实基础]

(1)语法填空

①Sheworksthereonavoluntarybasis.

②Whydoyouwanttovolunteerforourorganization?

③Theyoungmanvolunteeredtostopthedrunkenmenfromfighting.

(2)定于下个月开始实施的方案是自愿性质的。

(翻译句子)

Thescheme,duetobeginnextmonth,willbevoluntary.

2

[多词一义] abundant,enough,sufficient,adequate

beabundantin富于……,……很丰富

haveanabundantsupplyof有充足的……供应

abundancen.丰富,大量,多

inabundance大量,富裕

Thereisanabundantsupplyofcheaplabour.

廉价劳动力供应充足。

Birdsareabundantinthetallvegetation.

高大的植被中有着大量的鸟类。

[夯实基础]

(1)Indonesiaisabundantin(在……方面富有)petroleumdeposits.

(2)Wildflowersgrowinabundance(大量地)onthehillsides.

3

burdenn.(义务、责任等的)重担,负担(duty;responsibility);v.(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)(givesb.aduty,responsibility,etc.)

[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查

bear/carry/ease/reduce/shareaburden承受/担负/减轻/减少/分担重担

burdensb./oneselfwithsth.加负担于某人或自己

beburdenedwithsth.负重

Hisinvalidfatherisbecomingaburdentohim.

他父亲体弱多病,对他来说渐渐成了累赘。

Idon’twanttoburdenyouwithmyproblems.

我不想让我的问题给你增加负担。

[夯实基础]

(1)Toomuchhomeworkisaburdentostudents(对学生来讲是一个负担).

(2)Shewasburdenedwithfivechildrenandshehadtoworkdayandnight.

①Sheburdenedherselfwithfivechildrenandshehadtoworkdayandnight.(用burden...with改写句子)

②Burdenedwithfivechildren,shehadtoworkdayandnight.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)

4

avacantseat空座

avacantexpression茫然的神情

Ineverymajorcitytherearemorevacantbuildingsthantherearehomelesspeople.

各大城市里空置的楼房比无家可归的人都多。

Thepostofchairmanhasbeenvacantforsometime.

主席之位已经空缺一段时间了。

[夯实基础]

单句改错

Arethereanyroomsemptyinthishotel?

empty→vacant

5

electsb.as...选举某人担任……

electsb.to...选举某人到……(职位)

win/loseanelection在选举中获胜/失败

runforelection参加竞选

ShebecamethefirstblackwomantobeelectedtotheSenate.

她成为第一个被选进参议院的黑人妇女。

HewaselectedasMPforOxfordEast.

他被选为牛津东区的议员。

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)Thoseelecting(elect)tosmokewillbeseatedattherear.

(2)InAmerica,presidentialelections(elect)areheldeveryfouryears.

(3)Besides,inNovembertheymayelecthimaspresident.

(4)IfweallgetbehindMr.Smithwecaneasilyelecthimtothatoffice.

6

undertake+n./pron.承担……

undertaketodo...着手做……,答应做……

undertakefor...为……负责

I’llleaveyoutoundertakeanimportantmission.

我要让你承担一项重要使命。

Sheundertookresponsibilityforthechanges.

她承担了这些变革的责任。

[夯实基础]

HeundertookthathewouldfinishthejobbyFriday.

HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.(改为简单句)

7

serveasentence服刑

alifesentence终身监禁

passsentenceonsb.对某人判刑

sentencesb.tosth.给某人判……刑;宣判某人……罪刑

Theprisonerhasservedhissentenceandwillbereleasedtomorrow.

这个犯人已服刑期满,明天将释放。

Thejudgesentencedthemurderertodeath.

法官判处那个杀人犯死刑。

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)Thejudgewillpasssentenceonhim.

(2)Amilitarycourtsentencedhimtodeathinhisabsence.

1

comeintoforce(法律)实施,生效

comeintoeffect生效

comeintopower当权

comeintooffice就职

comeintouse/service开始使用

comeintothehabitof养成……的习惯

Thisdecision,whichaimstomakeallindoorpublicplacessmokefree,willcomeintoeffectnextyear.

这个决定旨在使所有的室内公共区域都变成无烟区,从明年开始生效。

(广东·基础写作)

Howwordscameintobeingisunknown.

单词是怎样形成的并不为人所知。

[夯实基础]

(1)Thenewlawwillcomeintoforce/effect(将生效)nextmonth.

(2)Thebighotelhascomeintouse/service(已经投入使用).

(3)I’vecomeintothehabitof(养成……的习惯)readingnovelsinmysparetime.

2

show...out领……出去

showsb.around/round领某人参观

show...in带或领……进来(lead/guide...in)

showup出席;到场

onshow在展出

Peteriskeentoshowoffhisnewcar.

彼得喜欢炫耀他的新车。

[夯实基础]

(1)用showoff,showup的适当形式填空

①Hepromisedtocomebutdidnotshowupintheend.

②Marywasshowingoffherengagementring.

(2)请你把参观者领进来,好吗?

(翻译句子)

Showthevisitorsin,willyou?

3

fixone’seyeson/upon注视,凝视(stareat)

haveagoodeyeforsth.对……有鉴赏眼光

looksb.intheeye直视(正视)某人

have/getone’seyeonsb./sth.看中某人/物

catchone’seye引起某人的注意;吸引某人的目光

Pleasekeepaneyeonthebabyforme.

请替我照看一下婴儿。

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)Couldyoudomeafavorandkeepaneyeonmyluggage?

(2)Gailhasagoodeyeforfashion.

(3)Canyoulookmeintheeyeandtellmeyou’renotlying?

(4)I’vegotmyeyeonanicelittlesportscarthatI’msavingupfor.

1Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs?

如果有些已婚人士有婚外情怎么办呢?

Whatif...?

“如果……将会怎样;即使……又有什么关系?

”为省略结构,相当于Whatshallwe/Idoif...?

whatif中what可看作是whatshouldsb.do或whatdoesitmatter或whatwouldhappen的省略。

whatif用于提出假设时,其后句子可用陈述语气(一般现在时),也可用虚拟语气(一般过去时或should+动词原形)。

Whatfor?

为何目的,为何理由?

Sowhat?

那又怎么样?

What/Howabout...?

……怎么样?

Guesswhat?

你知道……吗?

What’sup?

=What’sthematter?

怎么了?

Whatifshefindsoutthatyouhavelostherbook?

如果她发现你弄丢了她的书,怎么办?

Whatifwefail/failed/shouldfail?

万一我们失败了,怎么办?

[夯实基础]

如果下周的数学考试我不及格怎么办?

(翻译句子)

WhatifIfailthemathexamnextweek?

2

Theglobalpopulationatpresentisabout6billionwith1personinevery10aged60orabove.现在全球人口大约60亿,每10人就有1人的年龄在60岁或以上。

with1personinevery10aged60orabove为“with+复合宾语”作定语。

“with复合结构”在句中多作状语,也可以作定语。

常见的结构有:

(1)with+宾语+doing

(2)with+宾语+done

(3)with+宾语+adj.

(4)with+宾语+adv.

(5)with+宾语+todo

(6)with+宾语+介词短语

Hewaslyingonthebedwithallhisclotheson.

他和衣躺在床上。

Shesatstillinthechair,withhereyesclosed.

她一动不动地坐在椅子里,双眼紧闭。

[夯实基础]

语法填空

(1)Withwintercoming(come)on,it’stimetobuywarmclothes.

(2)Withallthethingssheneededbought(buy),shewenthomehappily.

(3)Withnothingtodo(do),Tomsleepsathome.

3单元语法

——语法填空

(1)It’shightimethatwegot/shouldget(get)downtowork.

(2)Iwouldratheryoucame(come)tomorrow.

(3)Wedemandedthatwe(sh

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