湖南衡阳八中高二上第四次月考英语卷含答案及解析.docx

湖南衡阳八中高二上第四次月考英语卷含答案及解析.docx

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湖南衡阳八中高二上第四次月考英语卷含答案及解析

2019年湖南衡阳八中高二上第四次月考英语卷【含答案及解析】

姓名___________班级____________分数__________

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一、阅读理解

1.Whydohumanbeingsstillrisktheirlivesundergroundanddoingoneofthedirtiestandmostdangerousjobsintheworld?

Itisanincreasinglyurgentquestion,giventherecentminingaccidentsinSago,W.VaandHuntington,Utah.Asmallgroupofengineersandroboticsexpertslookforwardtoadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenrobotsandothertechnologydomostofthedangerousminingwork.

Robotictechnology,inparticular,holdsmuchpromise,McAteersays,especiallywhenitcomestomappingminesandrescuingtrappedminers—thespecialoperationsoftheminingindustry.

OneofthefirstminingrobotswasdevelopedfiveyearsagoatCarnegieMellonUniversity’sRoboticsInstitute.ItwascalledGroundhog.Itusedlasers（激光器）to“see”indarktunnelsandmapabandonedmines—someofthemostdangerousworkinthebusiness.

ThelatestdesigniscalledCaveCrawler.It’sabitsmallerthanGroundhog,andevenmoreadvanced.Itcantakephotosandvideosandhasmoresensorsthatcandetectthepresenceofdangerousgases.Incredibly,therobothasarealsenseoflogic.Ifitcomesacrossanobstacleitgetsmomentarilyconfused.Ithastothinkaboutwhattodoandwheretogonext.Sometimesitthrowsafitjustlikearealperson.

Thegreatestproblem,though,iscost.Themoneyoftheearliestresearchprojectwasprovidedbythegovernment,butthatmoneyhaddriedup,andit’snotclearwherefuturemoneywillcomefrom.Partlyforthatreason,andpartlybecauseofadvancesinsafety,miningisnotnearlyasdangerousasitwasinthepast.Since1990,fatalities（致命性）havedeclinedby67%andinjuriesby51%,accordingtotheNationalMiningAssociation.

Someexpertspredictthatrobotsinmineswillservemuchofthesamefunctionthattheydointheautomotiveindustry.Therobotsdothemostboringanddangerousjobs，butwon’tgetridoftheneedforhumanworkers.

1.ThelatestrobotismoreadvancedthanGroundhog,mainlybecause________.

A.itcanmapabandonedmines

B.ithasarealsenseoflogic

C.itcanseeinthedarktunnels

D.it’ssmallerthanGroundhog

2.Theunderlinedphrase“throwsafit”inparagraph4probablymeans“________”.

A.getssickB.getsangry

C.becomeshungryD.becomescheerful

3.Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat________.

A.theminerobotswillhaveaverybrightfuture

B.robotsinmineswillservemuchintheautomotiveindustry

C.therewillbenoneedforhumanworkersinmines

D.robotsinminesonlydosomesimplejobsnow

4.Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.

A.robotscannotdodangerousworkindarkareas

B.theminingrobotsdomostoftheminingworkatpresent

C.groundhogcandiscoverthepresenceofdangerousgases

D.expertsaretryingtomakerobotshelpminerswithdangerouswork

2.MorethanfourdecadesagoBritishscientistRobertEdwardsfirstwitnessedthemiracleofhumanlifegrowinginsideatesttubeathisCambridgelab.Sincethatground-breakingmoment,morethanfourmillionbabieshavebeenbornthroughIVFandin2010hisgreatcontributiontosciencewasfinallyrecognizedashewasawardedtheNobelPrizeformedicine.

TheprizeforDr.Edwards,whowasgivenaDailyMirrorPrideofBritainAwardin2008,includesa£900,000check.TheNobelAssemblydescribedIVFasa“milestoneinmodernmedicine”.

WiththehelpoffellowscientistPatrickSteptoe,theManchester-bornphysiologistdevelopedIVF—leadingtothebirthoftheworld’sfirsttesttubebaby.Dr.Steptoedied10yearslaterbuttheirworkhastransformedfertilitytreatmentandgivenhopetomillionsofcouples.

Itwasascientificbreakthroughthattransformedthelivesofmillionsofcouples.Theysaid:

“Hisachievementshavemadeitpossibletotreatinfertility,adiseasewhichmakeshumanunabletohaveababy.Thisconditionhasbeenafflictingalargepercentageofmankindincludingmorethan10%ofallcouplesworldwide.”

LouiseBrown,theworld’sfirsttesttubebaby,madeinternationalheadlineswhenshewasborninOldham,GtrManchester,in1978toparentsLesleyandJohnwhohadbeenfruitlesslytryingforababysince1969.

Ivf-in-vitrofertilizationistheprocesswherebyeggcellsarefertilizedoutsidethebodybeforebeingimplantedinthewomb.AfteracycleofIVF,theprobabilityofacouplewithinfertilityproblemshavingababyisoneinfive—thesameashealthycoupleswhoconceivenaturally.

ProfessorEdwards,whohasfivedaughtersand11grandchildren,beganhisresearchatCambridgeUniversityin1963,afterreceivinghisPhDin1955.Heoncesaid:

“Themostimportantthinginlifeishavingachild.Nothingismorespecialthanachild.”WiththehelpoffellowscientistPatrickSteptoe,Prof.EdwardsfoundedtheBournHallclinicinCambridgeshire,whichnowtreatsmorethan900womenayear.Eachyear,morethan30,000womeninBritainnowundergoIVFand11,000babiesarebornasaresultofthetreatment.

ButhisworkattractedwidespreadcriticismfromsomescientistsandtheCatholicChurchwhosaiditwas“unethicalandimmoral”.

MartinJohnson,professorofreproductivesciencesattheUniversityofCambridge,saidtheawardwas“longoverdue”.Hesaid:

“Wecouldn’tunderstandwhytheNobelhascomesolatebutheisdelighted—thisisthecherryonthecakeforhim.”

ProfessorEdwardswastooilltogiveinterviewsbutastatementreleasedbyhisfamilysaidhewas“thrilledanddelighted”.

1.WhatisRobertEdwards’contributiontoscience?

A.Enablingmillionsofcouplestoliveabetterlife.

B.Helpingcoupleswithinfertilitytohavetubebabies.

C.Seeingthewonderofthefirsttubebabygrowing

D.Challengingadiseasewhichstopshumanhavingababy.

2.WhydidProfessorEdwardsbeginhisresearchontubebaby?

A.Becauseaspecialchilddidmakeadifferencetoanordinaryfamily.

B.Becausethebirthratearoundtheworldwasunexpectedlylowthen.

C.Becausehethoughtitofgreatsignificancetohaveachildinlife.

D.Becausehisfellowscientistwantedtogivehopetotheunluckycouples.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph8andParagraph9that________.

A.ProfessorEdwardsdeservedtheprizeforhisbreakthrough

B.differentopinionswerevoicedonProfessorEdwards’finding

C.somepeopleenviedProfessorEdwardsforhisbeingawarded

D.theprizewaslatebecausethefindingwasfirstconsideredimmoral

4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.LifeStoriesofRobertEdwards

B.PreparationsforHavingaBaby

C.NobelPrizeforIVFExpertEdwards

D.TreatmentofInfertilityinaLab

3.ItisreportedthatconservationgroupsinNorthAmericahavebeenarguingaboutthebenefitsanddangersofwolves.Somegroupsbelievewolvesshouldbekilled.Otherpeoplebelievewolvesmustbeprotectedsothattheywillnotdisappearfromthewilderness（荒野）.

ForKillingWolves

InAlaska，thewolfalmostdisappearedafewyearsago，becausehunterswerekillinghundredsofthemforsport.However,1awswereestablishedtoprotectthewolvesfromsportsmenandpeoplewhocatchtheanimalsfortheirfur．Sothewolfpopulationhasgreatlyincreased.Nowtherearesomanywolvesthattheyaredestroyingtheirownfoodsupply.

Awolfnaturallyeatsanimalsinthedeerfamily.Peopleinthewildernessalsohuntdeerforfood.Manyoftheanimalshavebeendestroyedbytheverycoldwintersrecentlyandbychangesinthewildernessplantlife．Whenthedeercan’tfindenoughfood，theydie.

Ifthewolvescontinuetokilllargenumbersofdeer,theirprey（猎物）willdisappearsomeday.Andthewolveswill,too.Sowemustchangethecycleoflifeinthewildernesstobalancetheecology.Ifwekilledmorewolves,wewouldsavethemandtheirpreyfromdyingout.We’dalsosavesomefarmanimals.

Inanothernorthernstate,wolvesattackcowsandchickensforfood.Farmerswantthegovernmenttosendbiologiststostudytheproblem.Theybelieveitnecessarytokillwolvesinsomeareasandtoprotecttheminplaceswherethereisasmallwolfpopulation．

AgainstKillingWolves

Ifyouhadlivedlongago，youwouldhaveheardmanydifferentstoriesaboutthedangerouswolf．Accordingtomoststories，hungrywolvesoftenkillpeopleforfood．Eventoday，thestoriesofthe“bigbadwolf”willnotdisappear．

Butthefactiswolvesareafraidofpeople,andtheyseldomtravelinareaswherethereisahumansmell．Whenwolveseatotheranimals，theyusuallykilltheveryyoung,orthesickandinjured.Thestrongestsurvive.Nokindofanimalwouldhavesurvivedthroughthecenturiesiftheweakmembershadlived.Andhasalwaysbeenalawofnature.

Althoughsomepeoplesayitisgoodsensetokillwolves，wesayitisnonsense!

Researchershavefoundwolvesandtheirpreylivinginbalance．Thewolveskeepthedeerpopulationfrombecomingtoolarge,andthatkeepsabalanceinthewildernessplantlife.

Therealproblemisthattheareaswherewolvescanlivearebeingusedbypeople.Evenifwildernesslandisnotuseddirectlyforhumanneeds,thewolvescan’talwaysfindenoughfood.Sotheytraveltothenearestsource,whichisoftenafarm.Thenthereisdanger.The“bigbadwolf”hasarrived!

Andeveryoneknowswhathappensnext.

1.Accordingtothepassage,somepeopleinNorthAmericafavorkillingwolvesforallthefollowingreasonsEXCETthat________.

A．therearetoomanywolves

B．theykilllargenumbersdeer

C．theyattackcowsandchickensforfood

D．theydestroythewildernessplantlife

2.Accordingtothoseagainstkillingwolves,whenwolve