高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book8unit2cloning新人教版.docx
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高考英语一轮复习知识排查突破book8unit2cloning新人教版
book8unit2cloning
重点识记词汇
1.straightforwardadj.简单的;直接的;坦率的 2.undertakevt.(undertook,undertaken)着手;从事;承担
3.payoff得到好结果;取得成功;偿清4.breakthroughn.突破
5.castvt.(cast,cast)扔;投;掷6.castdown使沮丧;使失望
7.obtainvt.获得;赢得8.attainvt.获得;到达(水平、年龄、状况等)
9.infavourof赞成;支持10.merelyadv.仅;只;不过
11.fromtimetotime不时;偶尔12.bringbacktolife使复生;使复活
13.owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……14.shortlyadv.立刻;不久
15.proceduren.程序;步骤;手续16.bothervt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰
17.(be)boundto(do)一定或注定(做)……18.forbidvt.(forbade,forbad;forbidden)禁止;不准
19.compulsoryadj.必须做的;义务的;强迫的;强制的
20.ingood/poorcondition状况很好(坏);情况很好(坏)
21.conservativeadj.保守的;守旧的n.保守者,因循守旧者
22.vainadj.虚荣的;自负的;徒劳的→invain白费力气;枉费心机
23.strikevi&vt.(struck,struck)打;撞击;罢工n.罢工→strike...intoone’sheart使……刻骨铭心
24.correctionn.改正;纠正;修正→correctvt.改正adj.正确的;恰当的;端正的
25.objectvi.反对;不赞成→objectionn.不赞成;反对;异议→objectiveadj.客观的;就事论事的
26.differvi.不同;相异→differentadj.不同的→differencen.不同,差异
27.exactadj.精确的;准确的→exactlyadv.恰好地;精确地;正确地
28.assumptionn.假定;设想→assumevt.假定;设想
29.regulationn.规则;规章;法规→regulatevt.调节;管理
30.popularityn.受人喜爱;流行→popularadj.流行的,通俗的;受欢迎的
31.resistvt.抵抗;对抗→resistantadj.抵抗的;有抵抗力的→resistancen.抵抗;对抗
32.decorationn.装饰→decoratevt.装饰;装潢
33.initialadj.最初的;开始的→initiallyadv.最初;开始;起初
34.fairlyadv.公平地;相当地→fairadj.公平的
35.reasonableadj.合情理的;讲道理的;公道的→reasonn.原因;道理
36.retirevi.退休;离开→retirementn.退休
37.accumulatevt.&vi.积累;聚积→accumulationn.积累;增加
38.commercialadj.商业的;贸易的→commercen.商业
必背经典句式
1.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.
接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。
2.Besidesthat,thereisalsoafiercedebateoverthequestionwhetherhumancloningexperimentsshouldbeallowed.
除此之外,克隆人的实验是否应该被允许进行的问题引起了激烈的争论。
必背经典句式
3.Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?
因为她是克隆的,所以才早逝了吗?
4.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardwhilecloninganimalsisverycomplicated.
克隆植物是简单的而克隆动物却十分复杂。
5.Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.
一个群体中的多样性意味着动物的基因以不同的方式排列。
构词记忆
doubtful/′daʊtfʊl/adj.怀疑的;不确定的
faithful/′feIθfʊl/adj.忠实的;忠诚的;尽职的;可靠的
forgetful/fə′ɡetfʊl/adj.健忘的;不经心的;疏忽的
graceful/′ɡreIsfʊl/adj.优美的;优雅的;雅致的
grateful/′ɡreItfʊl/adj.感激的;感谢的
Ⅰ.词汇与派生
A.语境填词
1.Scientistsarehopingforabreakthrough(突破)inthesearchforacureforcancer.
2.Wehaveaccumulated(积聚)agreatamountofevidenceagainsthim.
3.However,theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebothered(打扰)scientists.
4.Youshouldfollowthenormalprocedureifyouwanttoundertake(负责)thelawcase.
5.IfIhaveimprovedinanyway,Iowe(归功于)italltomyteacher.
6.Detailscanbeobtained(获得)fromtheMinistryofEducation.
7.Hissuggestionsoundsquitereasonable(合情理的)tomostofus.
8.Thefilmwasacommercial(商业的)success.
9.Initially(最初),IthoughtIwouldonlystaythereforaweek,butlaterIchangedmymind.
10.TheofficerinsistedthatMichaeldidnotfollowthecorrectprocedure(程序)inapplyingforavisa.
11.Itiscompulsory(强制的)forallmotorcycliststowearhelmets.
12.AuntMary’sarealconservative(保守者).She’stotallyopposedtowomengoingouttowork.
B.用所给词的适当形式填空
13.Althoughtheyaretwins,theydifferfromeachotherinmanyaspects.Oneoftheirmajordifferencesisthattheyhavedifferentcharacters.(differ)
14.Everyoneisforbiddentoenterthisforbiddenground.(forbid)
15.Nowadaysfewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofmoney.Whoeverisresistanttoitisboundtoachievealotintheirlife.(resist)
16.Manypeopleraisedanobjectiontothenewsreport,arguingthatitisnotobjective.(object)
17.Itstruckhimthattheworkersmightgooutonstrike.(strike)
18.Shelivesinanassumptionthatshewillwineverytimebecauseshealwaysassumesnooneismorecapablethanher.(assume)
19.Inwesterncountries,everyfamilydecoratestheChristmastreeswithmaterials.OnChristmasEve,thehometakesonawonderfullookwithallthesedecorations.(decorate)
Ⅱ.短语运用
A.用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空
payoff,becastdown,objectto,owe...to...,strike...intoone’sheart,bringbacktolife,haveagreatimpacton,makeabreakthrough
20.Weappreciateyourreasonsforobjectingtotheproposal.
21.Theseearlysettlersowedtheirsurvivaltohardworkanddeterminationtosucceed.
22.Chandrawasdeterminedtobecomeadoctorandherpersistencepaidoff.
23.Hewascastdownbecausehewasforbiddentogooutwithhisbrothers.
24.Thankstothedoctor’streatment,thedyingpatientwasbroughtbacktolife.
25.Thecomputerhashadagreatimpactonmodernlifeinthepastdecades.
26.Scientistshavemadeabreakthroughincomputerscience.
27.Thescenestruckterrorintohisheartwhenhesawit.
B.用方框内所给短语填空
28.Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwasinfavourofit.
29.Hiseffortstoraisemoneyforhisprogramwereinvainbecausenooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets.
30.Itisconsiderateofyoutocallonyourrelativesfromtimetotime.
31.Idon’tcareabouttheprice,solongasthecarisingoodcondition.
32.Johnpassedthroughadifficultperiodshortlyafterhismother’sdeath.
Ⅲ.经典句式
33.Foramomentnothinghappened.Thencamevoicesallshoutingtogether.
有一会儿什么也没发生。
接下来传来一阵欢呼的声音。
34.Thequestionwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasnotbeenansweredyet.
我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。
35.Afterthelongjourney,thethreeofthemwentbackhome,hungryandtired.
长途旅行之后,他们三个人返回家,又累又饿。
36.ThefatherlikesreadingnewspaperwhilethesonenjoyssurfingontheInternet.
父亲喜欢看报而儿子却喜欢上网。
37.Withalotofproblemstosolve,thebossstayeduplateeverynight.
由于有这么多的问题要解决,老板每晚熬夜很晚。
1differvi.不同;相异;意见相左todisagreewithsb.
differfrom不同于;和……不同
differin在……方面不同
differwithsb.on/about/oversth.在……上和某人有分歧/异议
makeadifferenceto...和……有差别;对……有影响
tellthedifferencebetweenAandB 分清A和B
bedifferentfrom...in...在……方面与……不同
Thestoryhetoldthepolicedifferedfromtheonehetoldhismother.
他在警方和母亲那里的说辞不一。
Thetwoleadershaddifferedontheissueofsanctions.
两位领导人在制裁问题上存在意见分歧。
[夯实基础]
语法填空
(1)Humansdifferfromotheranimalsintheirabilitytospeak.
(2)Foreignautomakersdifferintheirresponsetotheslowdown.
(3)Whatyouhavetoldmemaymakeadifferencetomyownposition.
(4)Inanaturaldisaster,minutesandevensecondsofwarningcanmakethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.
2forbidv.禁止;不准
[应试指导] 后跟非谓语动词的考查
forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事
forbidsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事
forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事
It’sforbiddentodosth.做某事是禁止的
They’llforbidyoutomarry.
他们不会准许你结婚。
Shewasshutawayandforbiddentoread.
她被关了起来,并且不允许看书。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①It’sforbiddentomarry(marry)someonewhoisnotamemberofthesamefaith.
②Thenewlawforbidssmoking(smoke)inoffices.
③Hewasforbiddentosmoke(smoke)here.
(2)Weareforbiddentoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.
It’sforbiddenforustoplayonthelawnbelongingtohim.(用it作形式主语改写句子)
3assumptionn.假定;设想;承担;掌握
[应试指导] assuming,suppose,supposing,provided,providing,given(that)等用作连词引导条件状语从句
ontheassumptionthat...假定……
assumev.假定(设);认为
assumesb./sth.tobe...认为某人(事)……
assuming(that)...假设……(引导条件状语从句)
Itisassumedthat...人们认为……
Letusassumeittobetrue.
让我们假定这是真实的。
Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork.
普遍认为,压力系工作过重所致。
[夯实基础]
(1)Iftherewasn’tthehardworkofthedustbin,canyouimaginewhatourenvironmentwillbelike?
Assuming(that)therewasn’tthehardworkofthedustbin,whatcanyouimagineourenvironmentwillbelike?
(用assuming作连词并用canyouimagine作插入语改写句子)
(2)Peopleassumethatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.
Itisassumedthatwhattheydohaslittleeffectontheenvironment.(用it作形式主语改写句子)
4strikevt.&vi.struck,struck打;罢工;敲;撞击hit;侵袭attack;给某人以……印象impress;擦rub;突然想起;n.罢工;打击
[应试指导] 熟词新义的考查
bestruckwith/by为……所袭击感动
Itstrikesmethat...我觉得……;我的印象是……
sth.strikesb.=sb.strikeonsth.某人想到……
beonstrike在罢工,goonstrike举行罢工
Hestrucktheballstraightintothehospitalitytent.
他将球直接打进迎宾帐篷里。
Staffatthehospitalwentonstrikeinprotestattheincidents.
医院员工举行罢工,抗议这几起事件。
[夯实基础]
(1)他突然想起一个好主意。
(一句多译)
①Hestruckonagoodidea.(strikeon)
②Hehitonagoodidea.(hiton)
③Agoodideastruck/hithim.(strike/hitsb.)
④Agoodideacameintohismind.(mind)
⑤Agoodideaoccurredtohim.(occur)
⑥Agoodideacametohim.(cometo)
⑦Hethoughtofagoodidea.(think)
(2)Theywerestruckbythebeautyofitsbuildingsontheirpreviousvisit,sotheydecidedtovisitthesmalloldtownagain.
Struckbythebeautyofitsbuildingsontheirpreviousvisit,theydecidedtovisitthesmalloldtownagain.(用过去分词短语作状语改写句子)
5payoff得到好结果bringagoodresult;付清finishpayingthemoney;付清工资后解雇;取得成功besuccessful
[应试指导] 作为高级词汇替换succeed,besuccessful
payfor付……的钱;为……而付出代价
payback偿还;向……报复
payup付清;还清
payavisitto访问
Itwouldtakehimtherestofhislifetopayoffthatloan.他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。
Payoffyourcreditcardseverymonth.
记得每月还清你的信用卡。
[夯实基础]
选择方框内的短语填空
(1)Whicheveroneofyoubreaksthewindowwillhavetopayforit.
(2)Canyoulendme10?
I’llpayyoubackonFriday.
(3)—Dad,Idon’tthinkOlivertherightsortofpersonforthejob.
—Isee.I’llgorightawayandpayhimoff.
6objectto反对;不赞成
[多词一义] objectto,beagainst,beopposedto,oppose
objecttosb./sth.反对;不赞成
objecttosb.’sdoing...反对某人做……
raiseanobjectiontosth.对……提出异议
have/makeanobjectionto/againstdoingsth.对做……表示反对
Iobjecttobeingspokentolikethat.
我不喜欢别人那样跟我说话。
[夯实基础]
(1)语法填空
①UnlessourmanagerobjectstoTom’sjoining(join)theclub,weshallaccepthimasamember.
②Despiteobjections(object)bytheWhiteHouse,theSenatevotedtodaytocutoffaid.
③Moststudentsobjecttobeingcharged(charge)forparkingonthecampus.
(2)我不赞成花那么多的钱买牛奶。
(一句多译)
①Iobjecttopayingthatmu