专四真题.docx
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专四真题
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION[25MIN]
Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
TEXTA
Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?
Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.
Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.
Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?
Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity-hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.
Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.
Heisskeptical-hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable-andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.
Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.
Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.
Theseseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.
81.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough
A.appliedknowledge.
B.morethanoneaspect.
C.technologyonly.
D.theuseofmachines.
82.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity?
A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.
B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.
C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.
D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.
83.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot
A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.
B.easilycriticizeothers'researchwork.
C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.
D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.
84.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?
A.Applicationoftechnology.
B.Progressinmodemsociety.
C.Scientists'waysofthinkingandacting.
D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.
85.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthetopic?
A.Critical.
B.Objective.
C.Biased.
D.Unclear.
81.Bmorethanoneaspect
82.Aitgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork
83.Aeasilybelieveinuncheckedstatements
84.Cscientists’swayofthinkingandacting
85.Bobjective
From:
TEXTB
Overthepastseveraldecades,theU.S.,Canada,andEuropehavereceivedagreatdealofmediaandevenresearchattentionoverunusualphenomenaandunsolvedmysteries.TheseincludeUFOsaswellassightingsandencounterswith"nonhumancreatures"suchasBigfootandtheLochNessmonster.OnlyrecentlyhasLatinAmericabeguntoreceivesomeattentionaswell.AlthoughthemysteriesoftheAztec,Mayan,andIncacivilizationshavebeenknownforcenturies,nowthepublicisalsobecomingawareofunusual,paranormalphenomenaincountriessuchasPeru.
TheNazca"lines"ofPeruwerediscoveredinthe1930s.Theselinesaredeeplycarvedintoaflat,stonyplain,andformabout300intricatepicturesofanimalssuchasbirds,amonkey,andalizard.Seenatgroundlevel,thedesignsareajumbledsenselessmess.Theimagesaresolargethattheycanonlybeviewedataheightof1,000feet-meaningfromanaircraft.Yettherewerenoaircraftin300B.C.,whenitisjudgedthedesignsweremade.Norweretherethen,oraretherenow,anynearbymountainrangesfromwhichtoviewthem.SohowandwhydidthenativepeopleofNazcacreatethesemarvelousdesigns?
Oneanswerappearedin1969,whentheGermanresearcherandwriterErichvonDanikenproposedthatthelinesweredrawnbyextraterrestrialsasrunwaysfortheiraircraft.ThescientificcommunitydidnottakelongtoscoffatandabandonvonDaniken'stheory.Overtheyearsseveralothertheorieshavebeenputforth,butnonehasbeenacceptedbythescientificcommunity.
TodaythereisanewandheightenedinterestintheNazcalines.ItisadirectresultofthecreationoftheInternet.Currentlytherea
reover60sitesdedicatedtothismysteryfromLatinAmerica'spast,andevenrespectedscientistshavejoinedthediscussionthroughe-mailandchatrooms.
WilltheInternethelpexplaintheseunsolvedmysteries?
Perhapsitisastepintherightdirection.
86.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?
A.LatinAmericahaslongreceivedattentionforunusualphenomena.
B.PublicattentionisnowdirectedtowardscountrieslikePeru.
C.PublicinterestusuallyfocusesonNorthAmericaandEurope.
D.Someancientcivilizationshaveunsolvedmysteries.
87.Accordingtothepassage,theNazcalineswerefound
A.inmountains.
B.instones.
C.onanimals.
D.onaplain.
88.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthehigherthelinesareseen,the____theimagestheypresent.
A.smaller
B.larger
C.clearer
D.brighter
89.TherehasbeenincreasinginterestintheNazcalinesmainlybecauseof
A.theparticipationofscientists.
B.theemergenceofthelnternet.
C.thebirthofnewtheories.
D.theinterestintheInternet.
90.Theauthoris____abouttheroleofthelnternetinsolvingmysteries.
A.cautious
B.pessimistic
C.uncertain
D.optimistic
TEXTC
Graduationspeechesareabitlikeweddingtoasts.Afewarememorable.Theresttendtotriggersuchthoughtsas,"WhydidIwearsuchuncomfortableshoes?
"
Butgraduationspeechesarelessaboutthemessagethanthemessenger.EveryyearafewcollegesanduniversitiesintheUSattractattentionbecausethey'vemanagedtobookhigh-profilespeakers.And,everyyear,themediareportsomeofthesespeakers'wiseremarks.
Lastmonth,thefollowingwordsofwisdomwerespread:
"Youreallyhaven'tcompletedthecircleofsuccessunlessyoucanhelpsomebodyelsemoveforward."(OprahWinfrey,DukeUniversity).
"Thereisnowaytostopchange;changewillcome.Gooutandgiveusafutureworthyoftheworldweallwishtocreatetogether."(HillaryClinton,NewYorkUniversity).
"'Thisreallyisyourmoment.Historyisyourstobend."(JoeBiden,WakeForestUniversity).
Ofcourse,thereal"get"ofthegraduationseasonwasfirstladyMichelleObama'sappearanceattheUniversityofCalifornia,Merced."Rememberthatyouareblessed,"shetoldtheclassof2009,"Rememberthatinexchangeforthoseblessings,youmustgivesomethingback...AsadvocateandactivistMarianWrightEdelmansays,'Serviceistherentwepayforliving...itisthetruemeasure,theonlymeasureofsuccess'."
Callstoservicehavealong,richtraditioninthesespeeches.However,itispossibleforagraduationspeechtogobeyondclicheandsaysomethingtrulycompelling.ThelatewriterDavidFosterWallace's2005graduationspeechatKenyonCollegeinOhiotalkedabouthowtotrulycareaboutotherpeople.ItgainedsomethingofacultafteritwaswidelycirculatedontheInternet.AppleComputerCEOSteveJobs'addressatStanfordUniversitythatyear,inwhichhetalkedaboutdeath,isalsoconsideredoneofthebestinrecentmemory.
Butwhenyou'resittinginthehotsun,fidgetyandfreakedout,doyoureallywanttobelecturedabout
thebigstuff?
.Isn'tthatliketryingtomaintainasmileatyourweddingreceptionwhilesomerelativegivesatoastthatamountsto"marriageishardwork"?
Youknowhe'sright;youjustdon'twanttothinkaboutitatthatparticularmoment.Infact,asisthecaseinmanymajorlifemoments,youcan'treallymanagetothinkbeyondtheblistersyournewshoesarecausing.
Thatmayseemanticlimactic.Butitalsogetstotheheartofoneoflife'sgreatest,saddesttruths:
thatourmost"memorable"occasionsmayelicitthefewestmemories.It'sprobablynotsomethingmostgraduationspeakerswouldsay,butit'soneofthefirstlessonsofgrowingup.
91.Accordingtothepassage,mostgraduationspeechestendtorecall____memories.
A.great
B.trivial
C.unforgettable
D.unimaginative
92."Butgraduationspeechesarelessaboutthemessagethanthemessenger"isexplained
A.inthefinalparagraph.
B.inthelastbutoneparagraph.
C.inthefirstparagraph.
D.in