英语国家社会与文化复习资料.docx

英语国家社会与文化复习资料.docx

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英语国家社会与文化复习资料

2013届《英语国家社会与文化》期末复习题

I.Explainthefollowingterms:

1.BenjaminFranklin

BenjaminFranklinwasoneofthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStatesof

America.HeparticipatedinwritingtheDeclarationofIndependenceandmakingtheUSConstitution.

2.KingArthur

ItissaidthathewastheKingofEnglandinthe15thcenturyandunitedtheBritishanddrovetheSaxonsbackwithhismagicalsword,Excalibur.Hisrealexistenceisindoubt.Heisthecentralfigureofmanylegends

II.Choosethebestanswer.

1.ThefirstinhabitantsinBritainwere_____.

A.theNormansB.theCelts

C.theIberiansD.theAnglo-Saxons

2.ThelargestlakeinBritainis_____.

A.theLoughNeageB.WindermereWater

C.ConistonWaterD.theLakeDistrict

3.WhichpartofBritainisalwaysfighting?

A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.NorthemIreland

4.TheToriesweretheforerunnersof_______,whichstillbearsthenicknametoday.

　A.theLabourParty

　B.theLiberalParty

　C.theSocialDemocraticParty

　D.theConservativeParty

5.MartinLutherKing,Jr.,ayoungblackclergyman,becameanationalleaderofthe

_______Movement.

　A.Boycott

　B.CivilRights

　C.Segregation

　D.Integration

6.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.

A.JamesMadisonB.ThomasJefferson

C.AlexanderHamiltonD.GeorgeWashington

7.TheRenaissancebeganin______intheearly_______century.

A.England,14B.England,15

C.Italy,14D.Italy,15

8.Inthe18thcentury,thereappeared____inEngland,whichowedagreatdealtothe

inventionofmachines.

A.theIndustrialRevolutionB.theBourgeoisRevolution

C.theWarsoftheRosesD.theReligiousReformation

7.BritishRecordedhistorybeganwith_____.

A.RomaninvasionB.theNormanConquest

C.theVikingandDanishinvasionD.theAnglo-Saxonsinvasion

8.InBritain,childrenfromtheageof5to16can_____bylaw.

A.receivecompletelyfreeeducation

B.receivepartlyfreeeducation

C.receivenofreeeducationiftheirfamiliesarerich

D.receivenofreeeducationatall

9.Withregardtoitssize,theUSAisthe_____countryintheworld.

A.largestB.secondlargestC.thirdlargestD.fourthlargest

10.OnJuly4,1776,_____adoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence.

A.theFirstContinentalCongress

B.theSecondContinentalCongress

C.theThirdContinentalCongress

D.theConstitutionalConvention

11.WhereisthebestagriculturallandinBritain?

A.InthesoutheastofEngland.B.InthenortheastofEngland.

C.InthesoutheastofScotland.D.InthenortheastofScotland.

12.Intheaerospaceindustry,whichofthefollowingcountriesisaheadofBritain？

A.Germany.B.TheU.S.

C.Russia.D.France.

13.Whichcompanybecameanimportantaero-enginemanufacturerafterWWI?

A.Boeing.B.RollsRoyce.

14.UncleTom’sCabinandRootsaretwonovelswhichgiveavividdescriptionofthemiserablelifeofthe_____.

A.earlysettlersB.Puritans

C.nativeIndiansD.blackslaves

15.Whichcompanybecameanimportantaero-enginemanufacturerafterWWI?

A.Boeing.B.RollsRoyce.

C.McDonnel-Douglas.D.Hawker-SiddeleyAviation.

16.Threeofthefollowinguniversitieshavelargeendowmentsfromwealthybenefactors.Whichistheexception?

A.HarvardUniversityB.theStateUniversityofNewYork

C.YaleUniversityD.PrincetonUniversity

17.Bothpublicandprivateuniversitiesdependonthefollowingsourcesofincomeexcept___________.

A.investmentB.studenttuition

C.endowmentsD.governmentfunding

18.Whichofthefollowingcountriesisthelasttocomeoutofrecession?

A.Germany.B.Japan.

C.Britain.D.France.

19.WhichofthefollowingbookiswrittenbyGeoffreyChaucer？

A.TheCanterburyTalesB.Beowulf

C.KingLearD.MorteD’Arthur

20.WhichofthefollowingdidNOTbelongtoRomanticism?

A.Keats.B.Shelley.

C.Wordsworth.D.Defoe.

21.WhichofthefollowingisatragedywrittenbyShakespeare?

A.DoctorFaustus.B.Macbeth.

C.Frankenstein.D.TheTempest.

22.ThefollowingwerethemainReformationleaderexcept___________.

A.MartinLuther

B.MartinLutherKing

C.JohnCalvin

D.TheEnglishKingHenryVIII

23.InBritain,thegreatmajorityofparentssendtheirchildrento

____________

A.privateschool.B.independentschools.

C,stateschool.D.publicschool.

24.WhichofthefollowingisprivatelyfundeduniversityinBritain?

A.TheUniversityofCambridge.

B.TheUniversityofOxford.

C.TheUniversityofEdinburgh.

D.TheUniversityofBuckingham.

25.Intheexaminationcalled“the11plus”,studentswithacademicpotentialgoto________

A.grammarschoolB.comprehensiveschools

C.publicschoolsD.technicalschools

26.InBritainmostadvertisingiscarried___________

A.innewspaper.B.inmagazines.

C.ontelevisionD.onradio.

27.WhichofthefollowingistheBritisholdestdailynewspaper?

A.TheTelegraphB.ThenewsoftheWorld.

C.TheGuardian.D.TheTimes.

28.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTadenominationofProtestantism?

A.Catholics.B.Puritains.

C.Quakers.D.ChurchofEngland.

29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTacharacteristicofOpenUniversity?

A.It’sopentoeveryone.

B.Itrequiresnoformaleducationalqualifications.

C.Nouniversitydegreeisawarded.

D.UniversitycoursesarefollowedthroughTV,radio，correspondence，etc.

30.WhichofthefollowingstatementswascorrectaroundthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution?

A.TheAmericanhadthemixedbloodofEuropeansortheirdescendants.

B.TheAmericanhadthemixedbloodofEuropeanswithAmericanIndiana.

C.TheAmericanhadthemixedbloodofEuropeanswithblacks.

D.TheAmericanhadthemixedbloodofEnglishandtheirdescendantsonly.

31.Therearesome____universities,includingtheOpenUniversity.

A.900B.290

C.90D.50

32.TheexpenditureinAmericanpublicschoolisguidedordecidedby_______.

A.teachers.

B.thestudents.

C.headmasters.

D.boardsofeducation.

33.IntheUnitedStatesschoolsystem,whichofthefollowingdivisionistrue?

A.Elementaryschool,grammarschool

B.Elementaryschool,juniorhighschool.

C.Elementaryschool,secondaryschool

D.Juniorhighschool,seniorhighschool.

34.WhatdidFrankWhittledoin1937?

A.Heinventedthefirstjetplane.

B.Hedevelopedthefirstjetengine.

C.Hemadethefirstpoweredflight.

D.Hemadethetrans-Atlanticflight.

35.AllthefollowinguniversitiesandcollegesarelocatedinNewEngland,except_____.

A.YaleB.Harvard

C.OxfordD.MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology

36.ThePrimeMinisterisappointedby_____andheorshealwayssitsin_____.

A.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofCommons

B.theArchbishopofCanterbury,theHouseofLords

C.theQueen,theHouseofCommons

D.theQueen,theHouseofLords

37.In_____,asmallgroupofPuritanssailedfrom_____intheMayflowertobethefirstsettlersintheNorthAmerica.

A.1620,LondonB.1620,Plymouth

C.1720,LondonD.1720,Plymouth

38.PresidentJeffersonbought_____fromFranceanddoubledthecountry’sterritory.

  A.NewMexico                                  B.theLouisianaTerritory

  C.Kansas                                           D.Ohio

39.TheDeclarationofIndependencecamefromthetheoryofBritishphilosopher_____.

  A.PaulRevere                                     B.JohnLocke

  C.Cornwallis                                       D.FrederickDouglass

40.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled_____.

  A.theGloriousRevolution                  B.theBloodyRevolution

  C.theCatholicRevolution                   D.thePuritanRevolution

41.AccordingtoAmericanhistoriansandspecialistsindemography,thereare_____greatpopulationmovementinthehistoryoftheUnitedStates.

A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five

PartIII.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

10%

NormanConquest诺曼底征服

KingAlfred阿尔弗雷德国王

JuliusCaesar尤利乌斯·凯撒

Constitutionalmonarchy君主立宪制度

TheMonarchy君主制

TheHouseofLords   上议院

TheHouseofCommon下议院

ThebattleofHastings黑斯廷斯战役

Parliament议会，国会

TheGreatCharter大宪章

TheGloriousRevolution光荣革命

TheWarsofRose玫瑰战争

BloodyMary血腥玛丽

TheGreatlakes五大湖

Puritanism清教主义

Pilgrim’sProgress天路历程

JoanofArc 圣女贞德

RobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记

TheOriginofSpecies物种起源

TheEnglishRenaissance英国文艺复兴

FrancisBacon弗兰西斯·培根

theEnclosureMovement圈地运动

TheBlackDeath黑死病

TheIndustrialRevolution工业革命

TheDeclarationofIndependence独立宣言

GeorgeWashington乔治·华盛顿

Thatcherism 撒切尔主义

WinstonChurchill温斯顿·丘吉尔

TheMarshallPlan马歇尔计划

TheNewDeal（罗斯福）新政

publicschools公立学校

comprehensiveschools综合学校

VI.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese:

1.ThefirstEnglishsettlementinNorthAmerica

ThefirstEnglishpermanentsettlementwasorganizedin1607bytheLondonCompanywithacharterfromtheEnglishKing.TheColonistssettledinVirginiaandsurvivedbyimposingstrictdisciplineonthemselvesandbytransplantingtobaccointocolonyofVirginia.In1619,thesettlerselectedtheirdelegatesandsetuptheHouseofBurgesses,andthesametimetheyboughtandenslavedblackservants.ThesetwoeventsgreatlyinfluencedthepoliticalandsocialdevelopmentoftheUnitedStateslater.

2.TheOpenUniversity

TheOpenUniversitywasfoundedinBritaininthe1960sforpeoplewhomightnotgettheopportunityforhighereducationforeconomicandsocialreasons.It’opentoeveryoneanddoesnotdemandthesameformaleducationalqualificationsastheotheruniversities.Universitycoursesarefoll