学年浏阳市第四中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析.docx

学年浏阳市第四中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析.docx

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学年浏阳市第四中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析

2019-2020学年浏阳市第四中学高三英语二模试题及答案解析

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

IfyouaresendingatextmessagewatchingTVorlisteningtotheradio,youmaystopandgivethisyourfullattention.Multitaskingshrinks（使.....萎缩）thebrain?

researchsuggests.

Astudyfoundthatmenandwomenwhofrequentlyusedseveraltypesoftechnologyatthesametimehadlessgreymatterinakeypartofthebrain.UniversityofSussexresearcherssaid,"Usingmobilephones,laptopsandothermediadevicessimultaneouslycouldbechangingthestructureofourbrains."

Worryingly,thepartofthebrainthatshrinksisinvolvedinprocessingemotion.Thefindingfollowsresearchwhichhaslinkedmultitaskingwithashortenedattentionspan,depression,anxietyandlowergradesatschool.

Theresearchersbeganbyasking75healthymenandwomenhowoftentheydividedtheirattentionbetweendifferenttypesoftechnology.Thiscouldmeansendingatextmessagewhilelisteningtomusicandcheckinge-mail,orspeakingonthephonewhilewatchingTVandsurfingtheInternet.Thevolunteerswerethengivenbrainscanswhichshowedtheyhadlessgreymatterinaregioncalledtheanteriorcingu-latecortex（ACC）（前扣带皮层）.Scientistshaveprovedthatbrainstructurecanbechangedonexposuretofreshenvironmentsandexperience.

Otherstudieshaveshownthattraining—suchaslearningtoplaymagictricksortaxidrivers'learningthemapofLondon―canincreasegreymatterdensities（密度）incertainparts.

Expertshavealsowarnedoftheharmfulimpacttechnologycanhaveonourmemoryandattentionspan.TheUniversityofCaliforniateamconductedasurveyofmorethan18,000peopleagedbetween18and99，andfound20%hadproblemswithmemory.Researcherswereshockedgreatlybythe14%of18to39-year-oldpeoplewhoalsoworriedabouttheirmemories.

Multitaskingmayshortenattentionspan,makingithardertofocusandformmemories,theresearcherssaid,addingthatyoungstersmaybeparticularlyaffectedbystress.

1.Theunderlinedword"simultaneously"inParagraph2means"________，"

A.onone'sownB.atnotime

C.atthesametimeD.byaccident

2.AllofthefollowingarepossibleeffectsofmultitaskingEXCEPT________.

A.savingtime

B.ashortenedattentionspan

C.lowergradesatschool

D.depressionandanxiety

3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.Mediamultitaskingisbecomingmorepopular

B.Multitaskingshrinksthebrain

C.Multitaskingmayshortenattentionspan

D.Peopleareworriedabouttheirmemories.

B

EverydayintheUnitedStatesanimalsarebeaten,ignored,orforcedtostruggleforsurvival.Leftinpoorconditionswithnofoodorwater,theyhavelittlehopeastheyliveouttheirdayswithoutthemercytheydeserve.Somearefoundandrescued,giventhechancetoexperiencehowgreatlifeandhumanscanbe;othersaren'tsolucky.Togrowasanation,wemustfightfortheseabused（受虐待的）animals’rightsandseriouslypunishheartlessowners.

Oneofthefirststepsinprotectinganimalsandcreatingeffectivecrueltylawsistoknowwhatanimalcrueltyactuallyis.Therearetwocategories:

passivecrueltyandactivecruelty.Thefirstinvolvesactsofomission,meaningtheabusehappensasaresultofignoranceorlackofaction.Passivecrueltymightseemlessserious,butthatisnotthecase;itcanleadtoterriblepainandsuffering,andfinallydeath.Examplesincludestarvation,inadequateshelterinextremeweatherconditions,andthefailuretogetmedicalcare.Passivecrueltyissometimesduetotheowner'signorance,somanyanimalcontrolofficerswillfirsttrytoeducateignorantownersonhowtoproperlycareforanimalsbeforegivingthemacitation（传票）orputtingtheminprison.

Activecruelty,ontheotherhand,ismorewell-knownanddisturbing.Sometimesreferredtoasnon-accidentalinjury,thistypeofabuseinvolvespurposefulharmonananimalinordertofeelmorepowerfulorgaincontrol.Activecrueltyagainstanimalsshouldbetakenveryseriously,sinceitcanbeasignthatapersonhasseriouspsychologicalissuesandmaycommitmoreactsofviolence---possiblyagainsthumans.

Itishardtotelljustwhatdrivespeopletoharminnocentanimals.Mostanimalabusersfindsomesortofachievementorpowerintorturingavictimthattheyknowcan'tfightback.Whilenotallanimalabusersbecomeserialkillers,itisimportanttotakeeverycaseseriously.

Asanationweneedtomakeitourrighttocometogetherandensurethesafetyofourbelovedpets.AsMargaretMeadoncesaid,“Neverdoubtthatasmallgroupofthoughtful,committedcitizenscanchangetheworld.Indeed,itistheonlythingthateverhas.”

4.Whatisthefirststeptodowiththepassivecrueltyabusers?

A.Tothrowthemintoprison.B.Tobringthecasetothecourt.

C.Toteachthemhowtotreatanimals.D.Togivethemastrongwarning.

5.WecanlearnfromPara.3thatactivecruelty______.

A.isactuallyasignofpowerorcontrol

B.hasbeentakenseriouslyinthenation

C.mayleadtoseriouspsychologicalproblems

D.maycauseactsofviolenceagainsthumans

6.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsanimalcruelty?

A.Uncertain.B.Doubtful.

C.Concerned.D.Pessimistic.

7.Theauthorwrotethispassageto______.

A.warnthoseheartlesspetowners

B.tellpeopletheharmofanimalcruelty

C.explainthereasonswhypeopleharmanimals

D.callonpeopletofightfortheabusedanimals

C

UKphysicistIsaacNewtononcesaid,''Natureispleasedwithsimplicityandnatureisnodummy（傻子）.''Indeed,MotherNaturecanprovidealmosteverythinghumanbeingsneedifwefollowherrules.Butifwebreaktherules,sheislikelytobecruelandlashoutatus.

Theoutbreakofthenovelcoronaviruspneumonia（新型冠状病毒肺炎,NCP）inChinaandsomeothercountriesatthebeginningofthisyearisanexample.AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency,thenewcoronavirusissimilartoavirusfoundinabatin2017andprobablyhasanintermediatehost（中间宿主）.It'sbelievedthatthevirusoriginatedfromtheHuananSeafoodMarketinWuhan,Hubeiprovince,wherelivewildanimalsweresold.

TheWallStreetJournalreportedthatDrPeterDaszak,presidentoftheUS-basedhealthorganizationEcoHealthAlliance,said,''Thisoutbreakisalessonforus.Onaglobalscale,humanpopulationdensity,wildlifediversity,andlandusechangearewhatdrivenewpandemics（流行病）.''

Inancienttimes,peopleneededtorelyonnaturetosurvivesotheyhelditinawe（敬畏）.Forexample,theAmericanIndiansbelievedthathumansareapartofnatureandnatureisapartofhumans.Chineseancientsalwayspursuedtheharmonybetweennatureandhumanbeings.

However,ashumanbeingsmastermoreknowledgeandmakemoreadvancedtools,peopletrytochangeandevenconquernature.Theyusemorelandtomakebuildings,geneticallymodify（改变）plants,capturesomewildandrareanimalstosuittheirownneeds.Inthisprocess,humansgraduallylosecontactwithnatureandeventhrowitoutofbalance.Forexample,cuttingalargenumberofforestsmeanscarbondioxidemustbuildupintheatmosphereanditcontributestoglobalwarming.

Althoughwedon'tknowforsurewhatfirstcausedtheNCPoutbreak,BrianLamacraftatMediumsaidit'stimeforpeopleto''reflectonourrelationshipwithourplanet''and''reconnectwiththisworldandeverythingthatwe'vebeengiven''.Afterall,accordingtoUSpoetGarySnyder,''Natureisnottheplacetovisit.It'sourhome.''

8.Whatdoesthephrase''lashoutat''inParagraph1probablymean?

A.punishB.control

C.testD.challenge

9.WhatlessondidDaszakthinkhumanbeingsshouldlearnfromtheNCPoutbreak?

A.Batsareoneofthemostdangerouswildanimals.

B.It'simpossibletopreventnewpandemicsglobally.

C.Weshouldstopthewildlifetradearoundtheworld.

D.Humansshouldlivepeacefullywithnature.

10.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph5?

A.Howhumanbeingsbecometheirownmasters.

B.Howhumanactivitiescauseglobalwarming.

C.Howhumanbeingsbreakthebalanceofnature.

D.Howhumansusetechnologytoimprovetheirlives.

11.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?

A.ToreflectontheNCPoutbreak.

B.ToexplainwhatledtotheNCPoutbreak.

C.Todescribeexperts'predictionsonnewpandemics.

D.Tocompareancientandmodernattitudestowardnature.

D

We'veallhearditbefore：

tobesuccessful,getoutofbedearly.Afterall,AppleCEOTimCookgetsupat3：

45am,FiatCEOSergioMarchionneat3：

30amandRichardBransonat5：

45am﹣and,asweallknow,"theearlybird'scatchestheworm."

Butjustbecausesomesuccessfulpeoplewakeupearly,doesthatmeanit'satraitmostofthemshare？

Andiftheideaofhavingexercised,plannedyourday,eatenbreakfast,visualizedanddoneonetaskbefore8ammakesyouwanttorolloverandhitsnoozetillnextSaturday,areyoureallydoomedtoalesssuccessfullife？

Forabouthalfofus,thisisn'treallyanissue.It'sestimatedthatsome50%ofthepopulationisn'treallymorningorevening﹣oriented,butsomewhereinthemiddle.Roughlyoneinfourofus,though,tendmoretowardbright﹣eyedearlyrisers,andanotheroneinfourarenightowls.Forthem,theeffectscangobeyondfallingasleepinfrontoftheTVat10pmorbeingregularlylateforwork.

Numerousstudieshavefoundthatmorningpeoplearemoreself﹣directedandagreeable.Andcomparedtonightowls,theyplanforthefuturemoreandhaveabettersenseofwell﹣being.

Althoughmorningtypesmayachievemoreacademically,nightowlstendtoperformbetteronmeasuresofmemory,processingspeedandcognitive（认知）ability,evenwhentheyhavetoperformthosetasksinthemorning.Ni