英语全国卷1含答案.docx

英语全国卷1含答案.docx

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英语全国卷1含答案

2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅰ）

（时间：

120分钟　满分：

150分）　　

本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。

第Ⅰ卷

第一部分　听力（共两节，满分30分）（见专题十四）

第二部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

TheCambridgeScienceFestivalCuriosityChallenge

DaretoTaketheCuriosityChallenge!

TheCambridgeScienceFestival（CSF）ispleasedtoinformyouofthesixthannualCuriosityChallenge.Thechallengeinvites，evendaresschoolstudentsbetweentheagesof5and14tocreateartworkorapieceofwritingthatshowstheircuriosityandhowitinspiresthemtoexploretheirworld.

Studentsarebeingdaredtodrawapicture，writeanarticle，takeaphotoorwriteapoemthatshowswhattheyarecuriousabout.Toenterthechallenge，allartworkorpiecesofwritingshouldbesenttotheCambridgeScienceFestival，MITMuseum，265MassAvenue，Cambridge02139byFriday，February8th.

StudentswhoentertheCuriosityChallengeandareselectedaswinnerswillbehonoredataspecialceremonyduringtheCSFonSunday，April21st.Guestspeakerswillalsopresentprizestothestudents.Winningentrieswillbepublishedinabook.Studententrieswillbeexhibitedandprizeswillbegiven.Familiesofthosewhotakepartwillbeincludedinthecelebrationandbrunchwillbeserved.

BetweenMarch10thandMarch15th，eachwinnerwillbegiventhespecificsoftheclosingceremonyandtheCuriosityChallengecelebration.Theprogramguidelinesandotherrelatedinformationareavailableat：

http：

//cambridgesciencefestival.org.

21．WhocantakepartintheCuriosityChallenge?

A．Schoolstudents.

B．Cambridgelocals.

C．CSFwinners.

D．MITartists.

22．Whenwilltheprize－givingceremonybeheld?

A．OnFebruary8th.

B．OnMarch10th.

C．OnMarch15th.

D．OnApril21st.

23．Whattypeofwritingisthistext?

A．Anexhibitionguide.

B．Anartshowreview.

C．Anannouncement.

D．Anofficialreport.

B

Passengerpigeons（旅鸽）onceflewovermuchoftheUnitedStatesinunbelievablenumbers.Writtenaccountsfromthe18thand19thcenturiesdescribedflocks（群）solargethattheydarkenedtheskyforhours.

Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons－anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates，makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.Evenaslateas1870whentheirnumbershadalreadybecomesmaller，aflockbelievedtobe1milewideand320miles（about515kilometers）longwasseennearCincinnati.

Sadly，theabundanceofpassengerpigeonsmayhavebeentheirundoing．Wherethebirdsweremostabundant，peoplebelievedtherewasanever－lastingsupplyandkilledthembythethousands.Commercialhuntersattractedthemtosmallclearingswithgrain，waiteduntilpigeonshadsettledtofeed，thenthrewlargenetsoverthem，takinghundredsatatime.Thebirdswereshippedtolargecitiesandsoldinrestaurants.

Bytheclosingdecadesofthe19thcentury，thehardwoodforestswherepassengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood，whichscattered（驱散）theflocksandforcedthebirdstogofarthernorth，wherecoldtemperaturesandspringstormscontributedtotheirdecline.Soonthegreatflocksweregone，nevertobeseenagain.

In1897，thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons，butbythen，nosizableflockshadbeenseeninthestatefor10years.ThelastconfirmedwildpigeonintheUnitedStateswasshotbyaboyinPikeCounty，Ohio，in1900.Foratime，afewbirdssurvivedunderhumancare.Thelastofthem，knownaffectionatelyasMartha，diedattheCincinnatiZoologicalGardenonSeptember1，1914.

24．Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies，passengerpigeons________．

A．werethebiggestbirdintheworld

B．livedmainlyinthesouthofAmerica

C．didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironment

D．werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS

25．Theunderlinedword“undoing”probablyreferstothepigeons’________．

A．escapeB．ruin

C．liberationD．evolution

26．Whatwasthemainreasonforpeopletokillpassengerpigeons?

A．Toseekpleasure.B．Tosaveotherbirds.

C．Tomakemoney.D．Toprotectcrops.

27．WhatcanweinferaboutthelawpassedinMichigan?

A．Itwasignoredbythepublic.

B．Itwasdeclaredtoolate.

C．Itwasunfair.

D．Itwasstrict.

C

Atypicalliontamer（驯兽师）inpeople’smindisanentertainerholdingawhip（鞭）andachair.Thewhipgetsalloftheattention，butit’smostlyforshow.Inreality，it’sthechairthatdoestheimportantwork.Whenaliontamerholdsachairinfrontofthelion’sface，theliontriestofocusonallfourlegsofthechairatthesametime.Withitsfocusdivided，thelionbecomesconfusedandisunsureaboutwhattodonext.Whenfacedwithsomanyoptions，thelionchoosestofreezeandwaitinsteadofattackingthemanholdingthechair.

Howoftendoyoufindyourselfinthesamepositionasthelion？

Howoftendoyouhavesomethingyouwanttoachieve（eg.loseweight，startabusiness，travelmore）－onlytoendupconfusedbyalloftheoptionsinfrontofyouandnevermakeprogress?

Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest，thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings，andsowetakelessaction，makelessprogress，andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.

Itdoesn’thavetobethatway.Anytimeyoufindtheworldwavingachairinyourface，rememberthis：

Allyouneedtodoisfocusononething.Youjustneedtogetstarted.Startingbeforeyoufeelreadyisoneofthehabitsofsuccessfulpeople.Ifyouhavesomewhereyouwanttogo，somethingyouwanttoaccomplish，someoneyouwanttobecome...takeimmediateaction.Ifyou’reclearaboutwhereyouwanttogo，therestoftheworldwilleitherhelpyougetthereorgetoutoftheway.

28．Whydoestheliontameruseachair?

A．Totrickthelion.

B．Toshowoffhisskills.

C．Togetreadyforafight.

D．Toentertaintheaudience.

29．Inwhatsensearepeoplesimilartoalionfacingachair?

A．Theyfeelpuzzledoverchoices.

B．Theyholdontothewrongthings.

C．Theyfindithardtomakechanges.

D．Theyhavetodosomethingforshow.

30．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?

A．Tolerant.B．Doubtful.

C．Respectful.D．Supportive.

31．Whentheworldis“wavingachairinyourface”，you’readvisedto________．

A．waitforabetterchance

B．breakyouroldhabits

C．makeaquickdecision

D．askforclearguidance

D

AsmoreandmorepeoplespeakthegloballanguagesofEnglish，Chinese，Spanish，andArabic，otherlanguagesarerapidlydisappearing.Infact，halfofthe6，000～7，000languagesspokenaroundtheworldtodaywilllikelydieoutbythenextcentury，accordingtotheUnitedNationsEducational，Scientific，andCulturalOrganization（UNESCO）．

Inanefforttopreventlanguageloss，scholarsfromanumberoforganizations—UNESCOandNationalGeographicamongthem—haveformanyyearsbeendocumentingdyinglanguagesandtheculturestheyreflect.

MarkTurin，ascientistattheMacmillanCenter，YaleUniversity，whospecializesinthelanguagesandoraltraditionsoftheHimalayas，isfollowinginthat__tradition．Hisrecentlypublishedbook，AGrammarofThangmiwithanEthnolinguisticIntroductiontotheSpeakersandTheirCulture，growsoutofhisexperienceliving，workingandraisingafamilyinavillageinNepal.

DocumentingtheThangmilanguageandcultureisjustastartingpointforTurin，whoseekstoincludeotherlanguagesandoraltraditionsacrosstheHimalayanreachesofIndia，Nepal，Bhutan，andChina.Butheisnotcontenttosimplyrecordthesevoicesbeforetheydisappearwithoutrecord.

AttheUniversityofCambridgeTurindiscoveredawealthofimportantmaterials—includingphotographs，films，taperecordings，andfieldnotes—whichhadremainedunstudiedandwerebadlyinneedofcareandprotection.

Now，throughthetwoorganizationsthathehasfounded—theDigitalHimalayaProjectandtheWorldOralLiteratureProject—Turinhasstartedacampaigntomakesuchdocuments，foundinlibrariesandstoresaroundtheworld，availablenotjusttoscholarsbuttotheyoungergenerationsofcommunitiesfromwhomthematerialswereoriginallycollected.ThankstodigitaltechnologyandthewidelyavailableInternet，Turinnotes，theendangeredlanguagescanbesavedandreconnectedwithspeechcommunities.

32．Manyscholarsaremakingeffortsto________．

A．promotegloballanguages

B．rescuedisappearinglanguages

C．searchforlanguagecommunities

D．setuplanguageresearchorganizations

33．Whatdoes“thattradition”inParagraph3referto?

A．Havingfullrecordsofthelanguages.

B．Writingbooksonlanguageteaching.

C．Tellingstoriesaboutlanguageusers.

D．Livingwiththenativespeakers.

34．WhatisTurin’sbookbasedon?

A．TheculturalstudiesinIndia.

B．ThedocumentsavailableatYale.

C．HislanguageresearchinBhutan.

D．HispersonalexperienceinNepal.

35．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTurin’swork?

A．Write，sellanddonate.

B．Record，repairandreward.

C．Collect，protectandreconnect.

D．Design，experimentandreport.

第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.__36__Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.

1．Curiosity

Yourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.__37__Askkids，“Whatingredients（配料）canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime？

”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter？

Whatcouldwetrynexttime?

2．Creativity

Truecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.__38__T