7 帧中继和水平分割.docx
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7帧中继和水平分割
CCNA实验7:
帧中继和rip
实验目的:
学习用静态映射配置帧中继vpc
深化学习水平分割问题
学习帧中继点对点子接口的配置
网络拓扑图
实验需求分析
R1,R2,R3为一组,R4,R5,R6为另一组。
如上图所示,每组三台路由器组成以R2为中心的星型帧中继连接。
路由器及端口
Ip地址
子网掩码
R1s0/0
192.168.1.1
255.255.255.0
R2s0/0
192.168.1.2
192.168.2.2secondary
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
R3s0/0
192.168.2.3
255.255.255.0
R4s0/0
192.168.1.4
255.255.255.0
R5s0/0
192.168.1.5
192.168.2.5secon
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.0
R6s0/0
192.168.2.6
255.255.255.0
第一步:
配置帧中继的星型连接
Router>en
Router#conft
Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostr1
r1(config)#noipdomain-lookup防止因敲错命令而系统误以为是访问某个主机名称,而去找dns服务器查询的等待时间
r1(config)#linecon0
r1(config-line)#loggingsynchronous防止因控制台信息冲断了输入一半的命令
r1(config-line)#end
r1#
*Mar100:
08:
44.347:
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:
Configuredfromconsolebyconsole
r1#conft
Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.
r1(config)#ints0/0
r1(config-if)#enfr封装帧中继
r1(config-if)#ipadd192.168.1.1255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#frame-relaymapip192.168.1.2102broadcast静态映射vpc。
参数是对方的ip地址和本地的dlci号,b参数是要帧中继支持广播。
(这里之所以要开启广播是因为rip的路由通告是广播形式传输的,如果帧中继没有广播的支持就无法学习邻居的路由表了)
r1(config-if)#nosh
r1(config-if)#exit
r1(config)#
*Mar100:
11:
38.723:
%LINK-3-UPDOWN:
InterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoup
r1(config)#
Router>en
Router#conft
Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostr2
r2(config)#noipdomain-lo
r2(config)#linecon0
r2(config-line)#loggsyn
r2(config-line)#exit
r2(config)#ints0/0
r2(config-if)#enfr
r2(config-if)#ipadd192.168.1.2255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#ipadd192.168.2.2255.255.255.0sec这里是在一个端口上配置的第二个地址的方法,注意不要忘记secondary参数,否则就会把主地址冲掉了。
r2(config-if)#frmapip192.168.1.1201b支持广播的静态映射,邻居ip地址和本地的dlci号
r2(config-if)#frmapip192.168.2.3203b支持广播的静态映射,邻居ip地址和本地的dlci号
r2(config-if)#nosh
r2(config-if)#end
r2#
*Mar100:
13:
46.715:
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:
Configuredfromconsolebyconsole
*Mar100:
13:
47.511:
%LINK-3-UPDOWN:
InterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoup
r2#
*Mar100:
13:
58.515:
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoup
r2#
Router>en
Router#conft
Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostr3
r3(config)#noipdomain-lo
r3(config)#linecon0
r3(config-line)#loggsy
r3(config-line)#exit
r3(config)#ints0/0
r3(config-if)#enfr
r3(config-if)#ipadd192.168.2.3255.255.255.0
r3(config-if)#frmapip192.168.2.2302b支持广播的静态映射,邻居ip地址和本地的dlci号
r3(config-if)#nosh
r3(config-if)#end
r3#
*Mar100:
15:
52.635:
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I:
Configuredfromconsolebyconsole
r3#
*Mar100:
15:
53.511:
%LINK-3-UPDOWN:
InterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoup
r3#
*Mar100:
16:
04.515:
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0/0,changedstatetoup
r3#
r3#
r2#p192.168.1.1
Typeescapesequencetoabort.
Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto192.168.1.1,timeoutis2seconds:
!
!
!
!
!
Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=28/76/136ms
r2#p
Protocol[ip]:
TargetIPaddress:
192.168.2.3
Repeatcount[5]:
Datagramsize[100]:
Timeoutinseconds[2]:
Extendedcommands[n]:
y
Sourceaddressorinterface:
192.168.2.2
Typeofservice[0]:
SetDFbitinIPheader?
[no]:
Validatereplydata?
[no]:
Datapattern[0xABCD]:
Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[none]:
Sweeprangeofsizes[n]:
Typeescapesequencetoabort.
Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto192.168.2.3,timeoutis2seconds:
Packetsentwithasourceaddressof192.168.2.2
!
!
!
!
!
Successrateis100percent(5/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=24/59/92ms
r2#p192.168.1.2
Typeescapesequencetoabort.
Sending5,100-byteICMPEchosto192.168.1.2,timeoutis2seconds:
.....注意帧中继自己的端口是不能ping通的,只能和邻居ping通
Successrateis0percent(0/5)
r2#
第二步:
配置rip路由协议
在R1上操作:
r1(config)#intloop0用loop口为了路由表中条目更多一些,没有其他目的
*Mar100:
18:
32.707:
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
LineprotocolonInterfaceLoopback0,changedstatetoup
r1(config-if)#ipadd10.0.0.1255.255.255.0
r1(config-if)#exit
r1(config)#routerrip
r1(config-router)#net10.0.0.0rip只需通告主网络号即可
r1(config-router)#net192.168.1.0rip只需通告主网络号即可
r1(config-router)#exit
r1(config)#
在R2上配置:
r2#conft
Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.
r2(config)#intl0
*Mar100:
20:
19.883:
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
LineprotocolonInterfaceLoopback0,changedstatetoup
r2(config-if)#ipadd20.0.0.2255.255.255.0
r2(config-if)#ipsplit-horizon启动rip的水平分割
r2(config-if)#exit
r2(config)#routerrip
r2(config-router)#net20.0.0.0
r2(config-router)#net192.168.1.0
r2(config-router)#net192.168.2.0
r2(config-router)#exit
r2(config)#
在R3上
r3#conft
Enterconfigurationcommands,oneperline.EndwithCNTL/Z.
r3(config)#intl0
*Mar100:
21:
20.583:
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:
LineprotocolonInterfaceLoopback0,changedstatetoup
r3(config-if)#ipadd30.0.0.3255.255.255.0
r3(config-if)#exit
r3(config)#routerrip
r3(config-router)#net192.168.2.0
r3(config-router)#net30.0.0.0
r3(config-router)#exit
r3(config)#
第三步:
检查rip路由表
r1#shiproute
Codes:
C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2
i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsummary,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2
ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute
o-ODR,P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
R20.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.1.2,00:
00:
13,Serial0/0
10.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C10.0.0.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
C192.168.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
r1#
r2#shiproute
Codes:
C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2
i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsummary,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2
ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute
o-ODR,P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
20.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C20.0.0.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
R10.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.1.1,00:
00:
01,Serial0/0
C192.168.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
C192.168.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
R30.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.2.3,00:
00:
05,Serial0/0
r2#
r3#shiproute
Codes:
C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2
i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsummary,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2
ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute
o-ODR,P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
R20.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.2.2,00:
00:
15,Serial0/0
C192.168.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
30.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C30.0.0.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
r3#
思考题:
观察获得的路由表,有什么问题,缺少了哪些路由条目?
和你的拍档探讨这个问题是怎么形成的?
第四步:
关闭水平分割解决问题
r2(config)#ints0/0
r2(config-if)#noipsplit-horizon
r2(config-if)#end
重新查看路由表
r1#shiproute
Codes:
C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2
i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsummary,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2
ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute
o-ODR,P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
R20.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.1.2,00:
00:
22,Serial0/0
10.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C10.0.0.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
C192.168.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
R192.168.2.0/24[120/1]via192.168.1.2,00:
00:
22,Serial0/0
R30.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.1.2,00:
00:
22,Serial0/0
r1#
r2#shiproute
Codes:
C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2
i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsummary,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2
ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute
o-ODR,P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
20.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C20.0.0.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
R10.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.1.1,00:
00:
20,Serial0/0
C192.168.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
C192.168.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
R30.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.2.3,00:
00:
25,Serial0/0
r2#
r3#shiproute
Codes:
C-connected,S-static,R-RIP,M-mobile,B-BGP
D-EIGRP,EX-EIGRPexternal,O-OSPF,IA-OSPFinterarea
N1-OSPFNSSAexternaltype1,N2-OSPFNSSAexternaltype2
E1-OSPFexternaltype1,E2-OSPFexternaltype2
i-IS-IS,su-IS-ISsummary,L1-IS-ISlevel-1,L2-IS-ISlevel-2
ia-IS-ISinterarea,*-candidatedefault,U-per-userstaticroute
o-ODR,P-periodicdownloadedstaticroute
Gatewayoflastresortisnotset
R20.0.0.0/8[120/1]via192.168.2.2,00:
00:
18,Serial0/0
R10.0.0.0/8[120/2]via192.168.2.2,00:
00:
18,Serial0/0
R192.168.1.0/24[120/1]via192.168.2.2,00:
00:
18,Serial0/0
C192.168.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Serial0/0
30.0.0.0/24issubnetted,1subnets
C30.0.0.0isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0
r3#
虽然关闭水平分割完成了配置,但是也带来了一些隐患,探讨关闭水平分割带来的可能的问题。
下面我们用另外一种方法来实现,解决关闭水平分割的隐患——帧中继的子端口
第五步:
清空s0