大英一各单元summary与英汉互译.docx

大英一各单元summary与英汉互译.docx

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大英一各单元summary与英汉互译

大英一各单元summary与英汉互译

第一单元

Thewriterdescribesthefirstfewdaysofuniversitylifeinthediarywithacasual,informalstylefullofhumorandexaggeration.Asafresher,thewriterhasmanyproblems:

feelinglonelyandlost,nothavingagoodappetiteforthefoodinthedininghall,feelingnotasintelligentandknowledgeableasothers;notknowinghowtotakenotesandhowtowashclothes.Besides,herdormitorylooksverysmall.Thetutorseemsunfriendlyanduncaring.Thelibraryrulesaretoostrict.Thewritertriestosolvetheproblems:

joiningmanyclubsandsocietiestomakemorefriends,talkingtoMumonthephonetogetsomecomfortandadvice.

ThewriterofthetextnewlyarrivedinNewYorkasanimmigrant.Heworkedfulltimewithavarietyofmanualjobswhiletakingcoursesattheuniversity.Hewasfacedwithmanyproblems.Hefeltinferior（自卑）tohis

wasonceforcedbymyadvancedalgebramentortowritedownthesumofanumberthatdoesnotexist.Eventhoughscaredbysuchahumiliatingexperience,Igraduallyexaminedandvaluedtheconceptofdevelopingourownthinkingwhichhasatleastbeenintroducedintomyacademiclife.Thinkingforoneselfisassociatedwiththepositivevaluesofbeingindependent,creativeandoriginal.

Activistlearnersgeneratenewideasandtrythingsout;Reflectorsformtheirownjudgmentsfromlistening,observingandreflecting;Theoristsresorttologicalreasoningandassimilatingnewinformationintoarationalscheme.Pragmatistsprefertestingideaswithpracticalvaluestoopen-endeddiscussions.Thispassagetellsushowtoimprovestudyskillsamongtheseways,suchaslecturesandnote-taking,earningstyles,activist,reflector,theorist,pragmatist,doingresearch,writingessays.

Tipsfordoingresearch

1.Donotgetboggeddownintheresearch

2.Breakuptheprocessintostages

3.Applyastep-by-stepapproachtoreading

4.Decideareadingrateandstyleinaccordancewiththetypeofreadingmaterialandyourpurposeinreading

Tipsforwritingessays

1.Haveaplan

2.Workoutthetitle

3.Finishthefirstdraft

4.Makemodificationsforthesakeofreaders

第四单元

AsfarbackasIcanremember,thelargepicklejarsatonthefloorbesidethedresserinmyparents’bedroom.WhenDadgotreadyforbed,hewouldemptypocketsandtosshiscoinsintothejar.Whenthejarwasfull,themoneywereformycollegefund.TheyearpassedandIfinishedcollegeandthejarwasgone.Alumproseinmythreat,becausethepicklehadtaughtmethevaluesofdetermination,perseverance,andfaith.ThefirstChristmasaftermydaughterborn,Ireturnedwithmyfamily.Tomyamazement,onthefloorbesidethedresserstoodthepicklejaragain.Irealizedmyfatherwassavingformydaughter’seducation.Thejarshowsacontinuityoffamily.

VenusandSerenaWilliamsaretwoofthemostfamoustennisplayersintheworld.Theyhavedifferencesthewayanysiblingsdo.Forinstance,SerenaisalittlebitmoreoutgoingthanVenus,alittlebitemorepreparedtotakerisks.Butontheotherhand,sheismorepreparedtotakerisks.Butontheotherhand,sheismoreoutspoken,morelikelytogetthingsoffherchest.What’smore,SerenaisnotashumorousasVenus.

Inspiteofsomanydifferencesintheircharacters,theyhavealotincommon.Bothofthemstartedplayingtennisatanagewhenkidsseldomplayed.Whileplayingtennis,theyhadnodistractions.Sincetheyweren’tbornwithsliverspoonsintheirmouth,theyareclearthattheyhavetoearnanythingthatcometheirway.Mostofimportanceofallisthatbothofthemareverydeterminedtodowell,tosucceed,todothebesttheypossiblycan.Allthesesimilaritiesintheircharactersplaysignificantparts.

第五单元

AllovertheEnglish-speakingworld,newspapercirculationhasbeenconfrontedwithalong-termtrendofdecline.ThedeclinecomesmuchfromthechallengeofInternetandthenegativeenvironmentalimpactofnewspaperindustry.Thechallengeofinternetmainlyfocusesonitsattractiontoreadersandminute-by-minuteadsmonitoringsystem.Butmaybethenewspaperwon’tdiewithoutstruggle.Besidesitsconvenienceoverlaptop,thedemandforlocalnewsandtheexploitationoflifestylejournalismwillcreatenewrevenuestreams.Andmoreinterestingly,theritualofreadingthenewspaperhasbecomeahardhabittobreak.

Whatexactlyisnews?

Theobjectiveimportanceandthehistorical,internationalsignificanceofaneventisnotenough.Itistheodd,unexpectedandhumannaturethatmadenewslike9/11memorableandnewsworthy.Soisimmediacywhichreferstothenearnessoftheeventintime.

Whenitcomestoimmediacy,thosemedialikeTV,radioandInternethaveanenormousadvantageoverthepress.However,nomatterwhatformitmaytake,allthemediamoreorlesscovertly,influencethepublic.Thatistheso-calledpowerofthemedia.

Inthenewmillennium,maybethepressorTVarenotgoingtodisappearovernight,butthepowerofthemediamaybeeroded.

第六单元

GeorgelivedonhisowninaflatinsouthLondon.Hefeltoverwhelmedbythestupidityofpeopleanduglinessofhissurroundings,sohespenthisdaysinanoldandcomfortablearmchairreadinggreatworksofliterature,esptheclassicworksoftravelwriting,sothatfromthedeepwarmthofhisarmchair,hecouldtravelinhismindtothefarreachesoftheworld.Onemorning,hewasbrowsingthroughabookbyMarcelPagnol,whosevisionsofProvencearousedhiskeeninteresttoseeProvenceforhimself.Unabletocontainhiscuriosity,hewenttothestationanddeparturetimeapproached,hegraduallyfeltthatitwouldbetiringanduncomfortabletotravel.Hewassuddenlystuckbytherealizationthatasastranger,hewouldneverexperiencethewarmthandcolorsofhismind,sohewentbackhomeandresolvednevertoleavehomeagain.

OnawarmJulynight,wearrivedlateinDruskininkaiforaLithuanianconferenceforEnglishteachers.Weweretiredanddecidedtorest,butthecardoorsbangingandslammingonthehoteldooratapproximatelytwo-minuteintervalspreventusfromsleeping.Althoughthemayorwasasgoodashiswordthehotelwasclosedthenextnight,butthenoisewasworsethanthenightbefore.Atthefarewellparty,twosong-and-dancegroupswereinvitedtoperformtraditionalLithuanianfolksinginganddancing.Butunfortunately,theywerenotonlyrivalsbutdeadlyenemies,andneitherwantedtoyieldto,theother.Sotheconcertwastwiceaslongashadbeenintended.Somepeopletriedtoleavequietlybyasidedoor.Howevertheycametoadeadendandweresquashedintoacupboard.Suddenly,thedoorburstopenandpeoplefelloutandranaway,withhandkerchiefsstuffedintheirmouthstostopthemselveslaughing.

第一单元

Today,agapyearrefersmostlytoayeartakenbeforestartinguniversityorcollege.Duringtheirgapyear,Americanstudentseitherengageinadvancedacademiccoursesordosomevolunteerworktoimprovetheirknowledge,maturity,decision-making,leadership,independence,self-sufficiencyandmore,thusimprovingtheirrésumésbeforegoingtocollege.BritishandEuropeanstudents,however,takeamuchmoreholiday-styleapproachtothegapyearbygenerallyworkingfor3–6monthsandthentravellingaroundtheworldbeforecollegebegins.Thisisintendedtoexpandtheirminds,personalconfidence,experiencesandinterestspriortocollege.ItisamuchlessstructuredapproachthantakenintheUnitedStates,andisgenerallyviewedbyparentsasaformativeyearforyoungadultstobecomeindependentandlearnagreatdealofresponsibilitypriortoengaginginuniversitylife.

如今，间隔年最为普遍的含义是指上大学前的一年。

在这一年中，美国学生或是学习高级学术类课程，或是做一些志愿服务，以此来提高自己的知识水平、成熟度、决策力、领导力、独立性、自给自足以及多方面的能力，力求在上大学之前让自己的简历变得更加完善。

然而，英国和欧洲的学生更倾向于把间隔年当作假期来看待。

他们通常用3—6个月的时间打打工，然后利用剩余的时间在大学开学前环球旅行。

这样，在上大学前，他们可以增长见识，提升自信，丰富阅历，培养兴趣。

与美国的间隔年不同，英国和欧洲的做法没有那么周密的安排。

家长们通常把间隔年看作是年轻人成长起来的一年，他们在开始大学生活之前变得独立，并学会承担很多责任。

Today,manyChineseuniversitiesattachgreatimportancetocultivatinginnovationawarenessandentrepreneurship.Manyprestigiousuniversitiesestablishlong-termrelationshipswithalotofcompanies.Thesecompaniesrecruitqualifiedgraduatesfromtheuniversitiesonaregularbasis.What'smore,somealumnievencreatestart-upfundstosupportstudentsinstartingtheirownbusiness.Thepresidentsofsomeuniversitiessaythatdoingbusinessandstudyingarenotinconflictandthatencouragingstudentstosetupbusinessescanhelpthemputtheirspecializedknowledgeintopracticeandraisetheircompetitiveness.

今天，很多中国的大学非常重视培养学生的创新意识和创业精神（entrepreneurship）。

很多知名大学与多家公司建立长期的合作关系。

这些公司会定期从大学中录用合格的毕业生。

此外，有些校友还创建启动资金，支持学生创办自己的企业。

一些大学的校长表示，创业与学习并不矛盾，鼓励学生创业可以帮助他们将专业知识应用于实践，提升自身的竞争力（competitiveness）。

第二单元

Tablemannersaretherulesofetiquettethatshouldbeobservedbydiners.IntheUK,thehostorhostesstakesthefirstbiteafterallfoodisservedandeveryoneisseated.Foodshouldalwaysbetastedbeforesaltandpepperareadded.Itisacceptabletotakesomebutterfromthebutterdishwithabutterknifeandputitontoasideplate.Thispreventsthebutterinthedishfromgatheringbreadcrumbsasitispassedaround.Itisimpolitetoreachoversomeonetopickupfoodorotheritems.Dinersshouldalwaysaskforitemstobepassedalongthetabletothem.Foodshouldalwaysbechewedwiththemouthclosed.Itisrudetoeatnoisily.Talkingwithfoodinone'smouthisalsoseenasveryimpolite.Whensomeonehasfinishedeating,theyshouldplacetheknifeandforktogetherontheplateandplacethenapkinunfoldedonthetable.

餐桌礼仪是就餐者必须遵守的礼仪规范。

在英国，要等到所有的饭菜端上桌、所有的就餐者都就座后，男主人或女主人才带头开始吃。

应该在尝过饭菜之后再加盐和胡椒。

可以用黄油刀从黄油盘中取一些黄油放在小寸盘中，这样可以防止黄油在盘子传递的过程中粘上面包屑。

不要探起身子隔着人去拿食物或其他东西，这样做不礼貌。

就餐者