大英语六级考试真题及答案解析.docx
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大英语六级考试真题及答案解析
2016年6月大英语六级考试真题及答案解析
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:
For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on living in the virtual world. Try to imagine what will happen when people spend more and more time in the virtual world instead of interacting in the real world. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
第一版(E-learning)
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonE-learning,trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorepeoplestudyon-lineinsteadofgoingtoschool.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
第二版(机器人)
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheuseofrobots.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenrobotstaketheplaceofhumanbeingsinindustryaswellaspeople’sdailylives.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
第三版(虚拟世界)
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonlivinginthevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeoplespendmoreandmoretimeinthevirtualworldinsteadofinteractingintherealworld.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
Pursuingacareerisanessentialpartofadolescentdevelopment.“Theadolescentbecomesanadultwhenhe_26_arealjob.”TocognitiveresearcherslikePiaget,adulthoodmeantthebeginningofan_27_.Piagetarguedthatonceadolescentsentertheworldofwork,theirnewlyacquiredabilitytoformhypothesesallowsthemtocreaterepresentationsthataretooideal.The_28_ofsuchideals,withoutthetemperingoftherealityofajoborprofession,rapidlyleadsadolescentstobecome_29_ofthenon-idealisticworldandtopressforreforminacharacteristicallyadolescentway.Piagetsaid:
“Trueadaptationtosocietycomes_30_whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork.
Ofcourse,youthfulidealismisoftencourageous,andnoonelikestogiveupdreams.Perhaps,taken_31_outofcontext,Piaget’sstatementseemsharsh.Whathewas_32_,however,isthewayrealitycanmodifyidealisticviews.Somepeoplerefertosuchmodificationasmaturity.Piagetarguedthatattainingandacceptingavocationisoneofthebestwaystomodifyidealizedviewsandtomature.
Ascareersandvocationsbecomelessavailableduringtimesof_33_,adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescents_34_abouttheirrolesinsociety.Forthisreason,communityinterventionsandgovernmentjobprogramsthatoffersummerandvacationworkarenotonlyeconomically_35_butalsohelptostimulatetheadolescent’ssenseofworth.
A)automaticallyB)beneficialC)capturingD)confusedE)emphasizingF)entranceG)excitedH)existenceI)incidentallyJ)intolerantK)occupationL)promisesM)recessionN)slightlyO)undertakes
SectionB
Directions:
Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Cansocietiesberichandgreen?
[A]“Ifoureconomiesaretoflourish,ifglobalpovertyistobeeliminatedandifthewell-beingoftheworld’speopleenhanced—notjustinthisgenerationbutinsucceedinggenerations—wemustmakesurewetakecareofthenaturalenvironmentandresourcesonwhichoureconomicactivitydepends.”Thatstatementcomesnot,asyoumightimagine,fromastereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-worldgreenie(环保主义者),butfromGordonBrown,apoliticianwithareputationforrigour,thoroughnessandaboveall,caution.
[B]Asurprisingthingforthemanwhorunsoneoftheworld’smostpowerfuleconomiestosay?
Perhaps;thoughintherun-uptothefive-yearreviewoftheMillennium(千年的)Goals,heisfarfromalone.Therootsofhisspeech,giveninMarchattheroundtablemeetingofenvironmentandenergyministersfromtheG20groupofnations,stretchbackto1972,andtheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentinStockholm.
[C]“Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironmentisamajorissuewhichaffectsthewell-beingofpeoplesandeconomicdevelopmentthroughouttheworld,”readthefinaldeclarationfromthisgathering,thefirstofasequencewhichwouldleadtotheRiodeJaneiroEarthSummitin1992andtheWorldDevelopmentSummitinJohannesburgthreeyearsago.
[D]HuntthroughthereportspreparedbyUNagenciesanddevelopmentgroups—manyforconferencessuchasthisyear’sMillenniumGoalsreview—andyouwillfindthatthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicprogressisacommonthread.
[E]Managingecosystemssustainablyismoreprofitablethanexploitingthem,accordingtotheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment.Butfindinghardevidencetosupportthethesisisnotsoeasy.Thoughtsturnfirsttosomesortofglobalstatistic,someindicatorwhichwouldratethewealthofnationsinbotheconomicandenvironmentaltermsandshowarelationshipbetweenthetwo.
[F]Ifsuchanindicatorexists,itiswellhidden.Andonreflection,thisisnotsurprising;thesingleword“environment”hassomanydimensions,andtherearesomanyotherfactorsaffectingwealth—suchastheoildeposits—thatteasingoutasimpleeconomy-environmentrelationshipwouldbealmostimpossible.
[G]TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,avastfour-yearglobalstudywhichreporteditsinitialconclusionsearlierthisyear,foundreasonstobelievethatmanagingecosystemssustainably—workingwithnatureratherthanagainstit—mightbelessprofitableintheshortterm,butcertainlybringslong-termrewards.
[H]AndtheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)initsWorldResources2005report,issuedattheendofAugust,producedseveralsuchexamplesfromAfricaandAsia;italsodemonstratedthatenvironmentaldegradationaffectsthepoormorethantherich,aspoorerpeoplederiveamuchhigherproportionoftheirincomedirectlyfromthenaturalresourcesaroundthem.
[I]Buttherearealsomanyexamplesofgrowingwealthbytrashingtheenvironment,inrichandpoorpartsoftheworldalike,whetherthroughunregulatedmineralextraction,drasticwateruseforagriculture,slash-and-burnfarming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Ofcourse,suchgrowthmaynotpersistinthelongterm—whichiswhatMr.BrownandtheStockholmdeclarationwerebothattemptingtopointout.PerhapsthebestexampleofboomgrowthandbustdeclineistheGrandBanksfishery.Foralmostfivecenturiesaverylargesupplyofcod(鳕鱼)providedabundantrawmaterialforanindustrywhichatitspeakemployedabout40,000people,sustainingentirecommunitiesinNewfoundland.Then,abruptly,thecodpopulationcollapsed.Therewerenolongerenoughfishintheseaforthestocktomaintainitself,letaloneanindustry.Morethanadecadelater,therewasnosignoftheecosystemre-buildingitself.Ithad,apparently,beenfishedoutofexistence;andtheoncemightyNewfoundlandfleetnowgropesaboutfranticallyforcrabontheseafloor.
[J]ThereisaviewthatmodernhumansareinevitablysowingtheseedofaglobalGrandBanks-styledisaster.Theideaisthatwearetakingmoreoutofwhatyoumightcalltheplanet’senvironmentalbankbalancethanitcansustain;wearelivingbeyondourecologicalmeans.Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatetheextentofthis“ecologicalovershootofthehumaneconomy”,andfoundthatweareusing1.2Earth’s-worthofenvironmentalgoodsandservices—theimplicationbeingthatatsomepointthedebtwillbecalledin,andallthoseservices—thethingswhichtheplanetdoesforusforfree—willgrindtoahalt.
[K]Whetherthisisright,andifsowhereandwhentheecologicalaxewillfall,ishardtodeterminewithanyprecision—whichiswhygovernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsareonlybeginningtobringsuchrisksintotheireconomiccalculations.Itisalsothereasonwhydevelopmentagenciesarenotunitedintheirviewofenvironmentalissues;whilesome,liketheWRI,maintainthatenvironmentalprogressneedstogohand-in-handwitheconomicdevelopment,othersarguethatthepriorityistobuildathrivingeconomy,andthenusethewealthcreatedtotackleenvironmentaldegradation.
[L]Thisviewassumesthatrichsocietieswillinvestinenvironmentalcare.Butisthisright?
Dothingsgetbetterorworseaswegetricher?
HeretheStockholmdeclarationisambiguous.“Inthedevelopingcountries,”itsays,“mostoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyunder-development.”Soitissayingthateconomicdevelopmentshouldmakeforacleanerworld?
Notnecessarily;“Intheindustralisedcountries,environmentalproblemsaregenerallyrelatedtoindustrialisationandtechnologicaldevelopment,”itcontinues.Inotherwords,poorandrichbothover-exploitthenaturalworld,butfordifferentreasons.It’ssimplynottruethateconomicgrowthwillsurelymakeourworldcleaner.
[M]Clearly,richersocietiesareabletoprovideenvironmentalimprovementswhichliewellbeyondthereachofpoorercommunities.Citizensofwealthynationsdemandnationalparks,cleanrivers,cleanairandpoison-freefood.Theyalso,however,usefarmorenaturalresources-fuel,water(allthosebathsa