航海英语阅读.docx

航海英语阅读.docx

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航海英语阅读

Merchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargo．Somearealsodesignedtocarrypassengers．Theycanoperateasliners．Theseareemployedonregularroutesonafixedtimetable．Alistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesispublishedinadvanceandtheysailwhetherfullornot．Linerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersorshort-sealiners．Theformercarrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworld；thelatercarrycontainerizedorconventionalcargoonshorterroutes．Ferriesarealsoclassedasliners．Theseofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacrosschannelsandnarrowseas．Afewshipsarestillemployedaspassengerliners．TheynotonlycarrypassengersbutalsosomecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast．Nowadaysthepassengertradeisverysmallandpassengerlinersusuallyoperateascruiseshipsforpartoftheyear．

1.Thedeep-sealiners________．

A．carrymainlycontainerizedcargo

B．carrymainlyconventionalcargo

C．offeradailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehicles

D．sailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas

2.TheLiners________．

A．alwayssailfull

B．sailregularlyevennotfull

C．alwayssailinballast

D．willnotsailifnotfull

3.Alistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesofliners________．

A．willbepublishedweekly

B．willbepublishedwhentheysail，whetherfullornot，fromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast

C．willnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloaded

D．ispublishedpriortotheirdeparture

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________．

A．thenumberofpassengershipsissmall

B．allpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfuture

C．itisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartime

D．containercarriersshouldcarrysomepassengers

Nowadays，mostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoes．Andtheymainlyoperateastramps．Thesevesselsdonotsailonregularroutesorkeeptoafixedtimetable，butareemployedwherethereiscargoforthemtocarry．Trampscanbeclassedasdeep-seatrampsorshort-seatramps．Anumberareclassedascoasters．Theseplyoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports．Thetraditionaltrampcargoesaredrybulkcargoes，butsomearedesignedtocarrygeneralcargoes．

Alargenumberofmerchantshipsoperateasspecializedvessels．Thesearedesignedtocarryaparticulartypeofcargo．Thereareseveraltypesofspecializedvessel．Themostcommonareoiltankers．Theyareownedbythemajoroilcompaniesorbyindependentoperators．Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearechemicalcarriersandliquefiednaturalgas（LNG）carriers

1.Thedeep-seatramps________．

A．carrybulkandgeneralcargoacrossthehighseas

B．arebuilttocarrypassengers

C．aremainlycoasters

D．arespecializedvessel

2.Thecoasters________．

A．alwayssailacrossthehighseas

B．commonlycarryoilcargo

C．aremainlytankers

D．sailoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports

3.TheimportanceofLNGcarriers________．

A．isgrowing

B．isnotmentionedinpassage

C．isdecreasing

D．willbediscussedfurtherifnecessary

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________．

A．thenumberofspecializedvesselsisnotsmall

B．alloiltankerswillcarrysomechemicalsinnearfuture

C．thetrampsandspecializedvesselsarethebasictypeofmerchantships

D．containercarriersshouldnotbeclassedastramps

Cargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypes．Onetypecarriesdrycargo，theothercarriesliquidcargo；however，anOBOshipisdesignedtocarryboth．Atraditionaldrycargoshipisthemulti-deckvessel．Herholdsaredividedhorizontallybyoneortwotweendecks，becausethesemakestowageofindividualpackageseasier．Drybulkcargoiscarriedinbulkcarriers．Thesedonothave'tweendecksascargoiscarriedloose．Themostmoderntypeofdrycargocarrieristhecontainership．Theycarrycontainersofstandarddimensions，consequentlystowageiseasier．Fruit，meatanddairyproducearecarriedinrefrigeratedships．Oiltankersarethemostcommontypeofliquidcargocarrier．Theyareoftenverylarge，becausehugequantitiesofoilneedtobetransportedandonelargevesselismoreeconomicaltooperatethantwosmallerones．Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgas（LNG）carrierandthechemicalcarrier，althoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedindrumsingeneralcargoships．

1.Thereare________typesofliquidbulkcarrier．

A．2

B．3

C．4

D．5

2.Amulti-deckvesselhas________tweendecks．

A．hasmany

B．no

C．onlyone

D．hasuptotwo

3.Fruit，meatanddairyproducearecarriedin________．

A．containerscarriers

B．traditionalships

C．OBOships

D．refrigeratedships

4.Thetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageare________．

A．tweendeckers，OBOships

B．traditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel

C．OBOships，oiltankers，chemicaltankersandLNGcarriers

D．drycargoship，drybulkcargocarrier，containercarriersandrefrigeratedships

3-04

Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection．Thisforcecausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoastern．Becauseofhershape，ashipwillmoveaheadthroughthewatermoreeasilythangoingastern．

Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates．Thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenoughtocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelowerblades．Forright-handedpropellersthiscantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport，whentheshipisgoingahead．Theeffectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder．Whentheenginesareputastern，theeffectistheoppositeandthesterncantstoport．Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasilybecorrected．Vesselswithleft-handedpropellersbehaveintheoppositeway．

1.Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknownas________．

A．axialthrust

B．transversethrust

C．thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater

D．thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater

2.Aleft-handedpropellers，whentheshipisgoingahead，willcantship'ssternto________．

A．starboard

B．port

C．tomoveahead

D．moveastern

3.Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis________．

A．goingastern

B．goingahead

C．stopped

D．makingnowaythroughthewater

4.Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby________．

A．therudder

B．thepropelleritself

C．thenauticalinstrument

D．windandtide

TheChiefOfficer，orFirstMateasheisoftencalled，istheMaster'schiefofficerandheadoftheDeckDepartment．HeisassistedbyaSecondOfficer（Mate），aThirdOfficer（Mate），andsometimesaFourthOfficer（Mate）．SeveralcompaniesemployaFirstOfficeraswellasaChiefOfficer．TheDeckDepartmentalsoincludesaBoatswain（Bosun）andaCarpenter，bothpettyofficers，andanumberofratings．ThesemadeupofAbleSeamen（AB），OrdinarySeamen（OS）andamiddlegradeknownasEfficientDeckHands（EDH）．Thereareothergradesofseamen．OnsomeshipsNavigatingCadetsarecarriedfortrainingpurposes．

TheChiefEngineerisheadoftheEngineDepartment．HeisassistedbyaSecond，Third，FourthandsometimesFifthEngineer．AnElectricalOfficermayalsobecarried．TheengineroompettyofficersaretheStorekeeperandDonkeyman．OntankersthereisalsoaPumpman．Heisalsoapettyofficer．TheengineroomratingsareFiremenandGreasers．TheremayalsobeEngineerCadets．

TheCateringDepartmentisundertheChiefSteward．Itisdividedintoasaloonandgalleysection．TheformerisheadedbytheSecondSteward，thelatterbytheShip'sCook．Theyarebothusuallypettyofficers．Theyareassistedbyseveralstewardsandcooks，andbyanumberofjuniorratings．

TheRadioDepartmentoftenconsistsofonlyoneman：

theRadioOfficer．Onshipswherecontinuousradiowatchesarekepttheremaybethreeradioofficers：

aChief，SecondandThird．

1.________isnotapettyofficer．

A．Boatswain

B．SecondSteward

C．RadioOfficer

D．Storekeeper

2.EDHisrankwhichishigherthan________．

A．SecondSteward

B．AB

C．OS

D．ChiefEngineer

3.Storekeeperbelongto________．

A．DeckDept

B．EngineDept

C．CateringDept

D．RadioDept

4.Thereare________departmentsonbardabigshipaccordingtothepassage．

A．two

B．three

C．four

D．five

3-06

WhileeveryeffortismadetoensurethatthedataprovidedthroughtheNoticestoMarinersserviceisaccurate，theuserneedstobeawareoftheriskstocorruptionofdata．Itisimportantthattheusershouldonlyusethedataonsuitableequipmentandthat，otherapplicationsshouldnotberunningontheuser'smachineatthesametime．Usersshouldexercisetheirprofessionaljudgementintheuseofdata，andalsoconsulttheMarinersHandbook（NP100）forfurtherdetails．Theuserneedstobeawarethatthereisapossibilitythatdatacouldbecorruptedduringtransmission，orintheprocessofdisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment，orifconvertedtoothersoftwareformats，andisaccordinglyadvisedthattheUKHOcannotacceptresponsibilityforanysuchchange，oranymodificationsorunauthorisedchanges，madebylicensees，orotherparties．

1.Thedatamaybecomecorruptedinanyofthefollowingprocessexcept_______．

A．duringtransmission

B．inthedisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment

C．inconvertingtoothersoftwareformats

D．inairmaildeliverytothereaders

2.Theuserofthedataisadvisedtoconsult_______forfurtherdetails．

A．MarinersHandbook

B．SailingDirections

C．GuidetoPortEntry

D．NoticestoMariners

3.Ofthefollowingitems_______isnotmentionedforwhichUKHOwillacceptnoresponsibility．

A．changeintheprocessofdisplayorpr