仔细阅读练习.docx

仔细阅读练习.docx

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仔细阅读练习

2012年6月

PassageOne

　　Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerallyproducesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealisticgoalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

　　What'sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmfuleffectsofgoal-setting.

　　Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesandbusinessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeensurprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmayhavecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical（不道德的）behavioringeneral.

　　“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructivewaycouldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,”saysMauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn’sWhartonSchool.

　　“Itturnsoutthere’snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoal---youjustgetapsychologicalbenefit”Schweitzersays.“Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomicrewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.”

　　AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseofenergy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivatesalesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactualtradeswerenotprofitable.

　　Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscancompelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSearsimposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargeforworkandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.

　　Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliteraturethatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehavetakenissuewithhisteam’suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthisconclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed

　　Inarebuttal（反驳）paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:

“Goal-settingisnotgoingaway.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresultsanymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.”

　　ButSchweitzercontendsthe“mountingcausalevidence”linkinggoal-settingandharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionandfurtherinvestigation.“Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethattheyoutweighmanypositiveeffects,”hesays.

　　“Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbetocombinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesurethegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmtheorganization,”Schweitzersays.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?

　　A）Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

　　B）Thegoalincreasepeople’sworkefficiency.

　　C）Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D）Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.

　　53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleofEnron?

　　A）Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

　　B）Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.

　　C）Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D）Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

　　54.HowdidSears’goal-settingaffectitsemployees?

　　A）Theywereobligedtoworkmorehourstoincreasetheirsales.

　　B）Theycompetedwithoneanothertoattractmorecustomers.

　　C）Theyresortedtounethicalpracticetomeettheirsalesquota.

D）Theyimprovedtheircustomerserviceonacompanywidebasis.

　　55.Whatdoadvocatesofgoal-settingthinkofSchweitzer’sresearch?

　　A）Itsfindingsarenotofmuchpracticalvalue.

　　B）Itexaggerates夸张thesideeffectsofgoal-setting.

　　C）Itsconclusionisnotbasedonsolidscientificevidence.

D）Itrunscountertotheexistingliteratureonthesubject.

　　56.WhatisSchweitzer’scontention论点againstEdwinLocke?

　　A）Thelinkbetweengoal-settingandharmfulbehaviordeservesfurtherstudy.

　　B）Goal-settinghasbecometoodeep-rootedincorporateculture.

　　C）Thepositiveeffectsofgoal-settingoutweighitsnegativeeffects.

D）Studyinggoal-settingcanthrowmorelightonsuccessfulbusinesspractices.

　　PassageTwo

　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Formostofthe20thcentury,Asiaaskeditselfwhatitcouldlearnfromthemodern,innovatingWest.Nowthequestionmustbereversed.WhatcantheWest’soverlyindebtedandsluggish（经济滞长的）nationslearnfromaflourishingAsia?

　　Justafewdecadesago,