文化价值观差异对语言风格的影响.docx

文化价值观差异对语言风格的影响.docx

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文化价值观差异对语言风格的影响

文化价值观差异对语言风格的影响-以中美两国对比为例

摘要

随着经济全球化的发展，中美两国之间的联系日益密切。

由于历史背景，地域，政治文化的不同，两国之间的价值观取向也有所差异。

文化价值观的不同，也产生了具有本国特色的语言风格。

本文主要从价值观的角度分析其对中美两国语言风格的影响。

中美两国的价值观核心以美国的个人主义与中国的集体主义为主，分析在这种价值观差异影响下产生的直接式与间接式语言风格。

本研究主要采用了参考文献法，举例法，引用法和归纳总结法。

由于前人对该课题的研究尚未全面，因此本研究仍然有一定的现实意义：

在国际交往日益频繁的当代社会，深入了解中西的文化差异是非常必要的。

在此背景下，本研究有助于全面并深入地了解中美文化差异，期望可以帮助人们更好地加深中美两国的交流与合作。

关键词：

价值观，个人主义，集体主义，直接式语言风格，间接式语言风格

TheInfluenceoftheDifferencesinCulturalValuesonLanguageStyles--AContrastbetweentheChineseandtheAmerican

Abstract

Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,thecontactbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisincreasinglyclose.Duetothehistoricalbackground,geographical,politicalandculturaldifferences,thevaluesofthetwocountriesarealsodifferent.Anddifferentvaluesalsoproduceditsownlanguagestyle.

ThisresearchmainlyanalyzestheimpactofthedifferentvaluesforChineseandAmericanlanguagestyle.ThecorevaluesofthetwocountryisindividualismoftheUnitedStatesandcollectivismofChina.Inthisdifferentvaluesimpact,analyzingAmericandirectlanguagestyleandChineseindirectlanguagestyle.

Intheprocessofwritingthisthesis,theconcretemethodstheauthoradoptedincludecollectingmaterialsfromreferencebooks,surfingontheinternettofindhelpfulmaterials.Researchmethodincludeusingcontrast,examplesandanalysistosupportmythesisandinductiveandsummarymethod.

Becauseofthepreviousresearchonthistopicisnotyetcomprehensive,sothisresearchstillhascertainpracticalsignificance.

Incontemporarysociety,theinternationalcommunicationisbecomingmoreandmoreclosely,itisnecessarytounderstandtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncountries.Inthiscontext,thisstudywillhelptounderstandtheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatescomprehensivelyanddeeply,andtheauthorhopesitcanhelpustodeepentheexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.

KeyWords：

differentvalue;individualism;collectivism;directlanguagestyleindirectlanguagestyle

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1BackgroundofStudy

Differentcountrieshavetheirownuniqueculturalvaluesystems,andeveryculturalvaluesystemhasitscorevaluessystem.Differentculturalvaluessystemhasalsoformedacompletelydifferentlanguagefeatures.Asthecarrieroftheculture,languageisalsohastheirowncharacteristicsinthedifferentculturalvalue.ThelanguagestyleoftheUnitedStates,whichisthemainstreamofWestern,ismoredirectlyandopenly.AndastherepresentationofEasterncivilization,thelanguagestyleofChinaismoreindirect,subtleandtactful.AnimportantreasonofthisisthedifferentculturalvaluebetweentheUnitedStatesandChina.ThatisthedifferentcorebetweenChineseandAmericanculturalvalue

1.2SignificanceofThisResearch

Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,thecommunicationbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesisbecomingmoreandmoreclosely.Understandingofthelanguagestyledifferencesbetweenthetwocountrieswillcontributetotheexchangesandcooperationbetweenthetwocountries.SothatpeoplecanhaveamorecomprehensiveandprofoundunderstandingofChineseandAmericanculturalvalueandlanguagestyle.

However,thepreviousresearchismostlyaboutthedifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesculturalvalueorthedifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateslanguagestyle,butfortheinfluenceofthedifferencesinculturalvaluesonlanguagestylesisnotyetcomprehensive.Sothissubjectstillhasroomtodofurtherresearch.TheauthorhopesthisresearchcanmakeEnglishlanguagelearningbecomingmoreregular,sothatpeoplecangetmoreinterestsinEnglishlearning.AnditcanalsohelppeopletodeepentheexchangesandcooperationbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.

Thepriortheoriesandopinionsprovidetheauthorwithbasicideasfromtheserespects:

theconceptualizingoftheculturalvalueandlanguagestyle,characteristics,originandperformanceofAmericanandChineseculturalvalues,thecharacteristicsandperformanceofAmericanandChineselanguagestyle.

1.3ResearchMethods

Intheprocessofwritingthisthesis,theconcretemethodstheauthoradoptedincludecollectingmaterialsfromreferencebooks,surfingontheinternettofindhelpfulmaterials.Researchmethodincludeusingcontrast,examplesandanalysistosupportmythesisandinductiveandsummarymethod.

ChapterTwoLiteratureReview

Valueisthecoreofculture,anditdominatespeople'sbeliefs,attitudes,andopinionsandbecomestheguidetopeople’saction.Undertheimpactofdifferentvalues,itsculturealsoshowedgreatdifferences.TheobviousdifferencebetweenAmericancultureandChinesecultureisthattheformeremphasizesindividualfreedom,whilethelatterpaysattentiontothesocialrelations.Inthiscentury,manyscholarshavestudiedandanalyzedChinesecollectivismandindividualismculturevaluesinmanyaspects.ChineselanguagestyleisveryprominentlydifferentwiththeUnitedStateslanguagestyle,oneofthemostobviousdifferenceisChina'sindirectlanguagestyleandAmericanstyledirectlanguage.Andmanypeoplehavealsobeenanalyzedanddiscussedaboutthedifferencesbetweenthis.

2.1ConceptualizingCulturalValueandLanguageStyle

Therehavebeenmanyscholarshavedefinedtheculturalvaluesandlanguagestyle.Theirviewsontheseissuesmaynotnecessarilyidentical,butalsohavetheirownuniqueperspective.

2.1.1.ConceptualizingCulturalValue

InAnInter-culturalComparisonbetweenSino-AmericanCulturalValue,thewriterLiMingmingthinksthat“Valueistheconsiderationandevaluationtowhatiscenterofculture.Valuesaretheorientingconsiderationandevaluationtowhatisacceptableandwhatisnot.Valuesinfluencepeople’sbehaviorandthinkingpatterns.Itguidesourbehaviorpatternsincommunication.”（LiMingming,2007）.Hebelievesthatvalueandculturearecloselyrelated.LiketheAmericananthropologistsNandaandWarmsproposedthat“Valuesaresharedideasaboutwhatistrue,rightandbeautifulthatunderliesculturalpatternsandguidesocietyinresponsetothephysicalandsocialenvironment”（NandaandWarms49）.Thevalueisthecoreoftheculture,theformationofhumanvaluesystemcannotbeseparatedfromtheculture,andvaluesalsoreflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.

InSino-AmericanCulturalValue—DifferencesandMutualUnderstandingwrittenbyLiQiao,theauthorismoreinclinedtothinkthatvalueoriginatesfromsociallife.HequotesWilliam’swordsasaproofofhispointofview—“Theyprescribewhichactionsandwaysofbeingarebetterthanothers;theyarenotdescriptionsoffact,butpossesscontentandemotionandcontributetosocialreality."（Williams,1970）.Hethinksthatvalueistherulesofpeople’sbehaviororthesociallife.“These‘rules’andguidepostsarenormativeandteachuswhatisuseful,good,right,wrong,whattostrivefor,howtoliveourlife,andevenwhattodiefor."（Samovar,PorterandStefani,2000）.Nomatterwhatthevaluesare,people’sthinkingandbehaviorthatinthissocietyshouldbeguidedandinfluenced.

2.1.2.ConceptualizingLanguageStyle

Everynationintheworldhasitsownlanguagestyle,whichisnotseparatedfromitshistoricalculture,traditionalideasandlifecustoms.Itsformationischangingovertime,butitspreadsslowlyuntilforever.

InCommentsonChineseMainlandoftheDefinitionandEssentialCharacteristicsof“LanguageStyle”,ZhangDeminandGaoHangdiscussedthatthedefinitionoflanguagestyleisnotconsistent,therearemanydifferentdefinitionaboutlanguagestyle.Andtheysummeduptheworksoflinguistics,rhetoricandstylein20thCenturytothedefinitionoflanguagestyle,thereareeightversionsofthefollow:

“FelicitousTheory”,“UniquePersonalityTheory”,“IntegratedFeaturesTheory”,“StyleAtmosphereTheory”,“MeansofExpressionSystemTheory”,“GeneralVariationTheory”,“PersonalizedSpeechTheory”,and“AestheticTasteorAestheticAppearanceTheory”（“措辞巧妙论”，“独创个性论”，“综合特点论”，“格调气氛论”，“表达手段体系论”，“常规变异论”，“言语个性论”和“审美趣味论或美学面貌论”）（德明，高航2004）.Alloftheseversionsaredefinitionsoflanguagestyle,buttheemphasisonthesedefinitionsisdifferent.Attheendofthearticle,theauthorexpresseshisownopinion.“Languagestyleisspeechstyle,itisthatpeopleuselanguageinaparticularcontext,selectthemeansofexpression,toformacomprehensiveperformancefeaturesofthelandscapestyle.Inshort,itisthespeechcharacteristicsofcomprehensiveperformanceofthestyle.”（语言风格即言语风格，是人们在特定的语境中运用语言，选择表达手段，形成综合特点所表现的风貌格调。

简言之，即言语综合特点表现的风貌格调。

）（德明，高航2004）

TheauthorLiuZhenjianginhisthesisSomeQuestionsaboutEnglishLanguageStylesummarizedthedefinitionofdifferentlinguistsaboutEnglishlanguagestyle,thinksitcanbesummarizedas“amannerofexpressingonesthoughtsorfeelings”or“thewayinwhichlanguageisused”（振江1990）.Andbesides,therearefourdifferentnarrowdefinitionoflanguagestyle.Thefirstis“thelanguagehabitsofoneperson”,itmainlyemphasizesperson’spersonalityandworldview.LiketheBuffon（1753）said“Style,itisthemanhimself.”Thiswordisalwaysusedforthedefinitionoflanguagestyle.Theseconddefinitionforlanguagestyleis“thelanguagehabitssharedbyagroupofpeopleatonetime,oroveraperiodoftime”.Thesetwostatementsaremorefocusedonthelanguagestyledescribedasalanguagehabits.Thethirdstatementis“good,clearEnglish”.Itmeansthatthosewhousemoreappropriatestyleistheso-calledlanguagestyle.JonathanSwift（1704）said“Properwordsinproperplacesmakethetruedefinitionofastyle.”