跨文化交际中的语用能力培养 0115 改.docx

跨文化交际中的语用能力培养 0115 改.docx

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跨文化交际中的语用能力培养0115改

Abstract··································································1

1.Introduction····························································1

1.1Researchbackground·····················································1

1.2Introductionoftherelatedconcepts·········································1

1.2.1Interculturalcommunication··········································1

1.2.2Pragmaticcompetence···············································2

1.2.3Pragmaticfailure·······················································2

2.Analysisofpragmaticfailure ininterculturalcommunication······3

2.1Phenomenonofpragmaticfailure ininterculturalcommunication··············3

2.2Causeanalysisofpragmaticfailure ininterculturalcommunication············5

3.Enhancingpragmaticcompetenceininterculturalcommunication·7

3.1Thenecessityofthe enhancingofpragmaticcompetence ininterculturalcommunication·······························································7

3.2Waysof enhancingpragmatic competenceininterculturalcommunication···8

3.2.1Correctidentificationand understandingofthebehaviorfunctionindifferentculture·······································································8

3.2.2Newteachingconceptstoimproveteachers' pragmaticawareness·········9

3.2.3Multiplechannelsandmethodstoabsorband experiencetheforeignculture·····································································10

3.2.4Greatimportanceisattachedtonon verbalcommunication ability········10

3.2.5Approachingtoforeignteachers,feelingtherealinterculturalcommunication······························································11

Conclusion······························································12

Bibliography·····························································13

Acknowledgments·······················································14

1.Introduction

1.1Researchbackground

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,thefrequencyandrangeofexchangesbetweencountriesisincreasingandexpanding,whichmakesEnglishbecomeanimportantinterculturalcommunicationtools.ThesuccessfulinterculturalcommunicationbyEnglishnotonlyneedsthepurelanguageability,butalsoneedstounderstandthecultureofEnglishspeakingcountries,oritwillleadtomisunderstandingeventhecommunicationdifficultiesduetoinappropriatesceneandlanguageerrorcausedbytheculturaldifferenceinactualcommunication.Therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureisimportantforpeoplewithdifferentculturalbackgroundincommunicationactivities.Ininterculturalcommunication,bothsidesfirstcontactthelanguageproducedindifferentcultureandbackgroundandtransmitinformationwiththelanguage.Howtoaccuratelytransmitinformationiskeypointininterculturalcommunication,whichrequiresbothsidestobefamiliarwiththeculturalorigin,historicaltraditions,localcustomsandpractices.Therefore,cultureplaysavitalroleinlanguagelearning.Peoplelearnalanguageandatthesametimepeopleneedtolearnthecultureofcountry,namelyimprovingtheirpragmaticcompetenceininterculturalcommunication.

1.2Introductionoftherelatedconcepts

1.2.1Interculturalcommunication

Theterm"InterculturalCommunication"notonlyreferstocommunicationbetweenthenativeandnonnativespeakers,butalsoreferstothecommunicationbetweenanypeoplewhoaredifferentinlanguageandculturebackground.Generallyspeaking,ifyoucommunicatewiththeforeigners,youshouldpayattentiontohowtocommunicateappropriately.Interculturalcommunicationisthecommunicationbetweenpeoplewithdifferentculturebackground.Influencedbygeographical,inevitablytherewillbedifferencesbetweenlanguageandculture.Peopleofdifferentgeographicalandculturalbackground,musthaveadifferentoutlookonlife,worldoutlook,values,moralstandardsandpragmaticrules,therefore,whichaffectstheculturalcommunication.

1.2.2Pragmaticcompetence

Communicativecompetenceincludeslinguisticcompetenceandpragmaticcompetence.LinguisticcompetencerequiresEnglishlearnerstomasterthepronunciationandspelling.PragmaticcompetencerequiresEnglishlearnerstoachievethepurposeofsuccessfulcommunicationbythelanguageconsideringthecontext,thesocialandculturalcustomsinEnglishspeakingcountries,thatistosay,thelanguageisnotonlycorrect,butalsoissuitabletotheoccasion.Communicativecompetenceconsistsoffourcomponents:

thegrammaticalcorrectnessform,feasibilityofimplementationmeans,suitabilityinthecontextandtheimplementation.Pragmaticcompetencecanbeexplainedastheabilitytouselanguageappropriatelyincommunicationandcanbesimplifiedastwoaspects:

expressionandcomprehension.Therefore,themisunderstandingleadingtocommunicationobstaclesorconflictshouldseriouslybestudiedintheinterculturalcommunicationteaching.Withpractice,thelearnershouldimprovethepragmaticawarenessandcultivatethepragmaticcompetence.

1.2.3Pragmaticfailure

Pragmaticfailure（pragmaticfailure）refersto"theinabilitytounderstandwhatismeantbywhatissaid（can'tunderstandthemeaningofsomeone'swords）"andcanbedividedintotwotypes:

pragmaticlinguisticfailureandsocialpragmaticfailure.Theformerisrelatedtolanguage,whilethelatterisrelatedtothesocialculture.Pragmaticlinguisticfailurerefersthatthepragmaticmeaningofonewordorsentencegivenbynon-nativespeakersisdifferentfromthepragmaticmeaningofthewordorsentencegivenbynativespeakers,orthatnon-nativespeakersinappropriatelymigratethespeechactivitiesofparentlanguagetothesecondlanguage.Socialpragmaticfailurereferstothefailureofthechoiceoflinguisticformscausedbythelackofunderstandingofbothculturalbackground.Pragmaticlinguisticfailureandsocialpragmaticfailureformacontinuum,andtheremustbeagrayareainthemiddlepart.Forexample,using“Ofcourse”astherespondtothequestion“Isitagoodrestaurant”,“IsthelibraryopenonSunday”isnotpolite.WhenastoreclerkaskedoneEnglishspeaker“Whatdoyouwant”,therearebothpragmaticlinguisticfailureandsocialpragmaticfailure.Pragmaticfailuredoesnotmeanerrorgeneralwordsinlanguageuse,butreferstotheerrorcausedbyinappropriatespeakinghabitsleadingtonotachievethedesiredeffect.

2.Analysisofpragmaticfailure ininterculturalcommunication

2.1Phenomenonofpragmaticfailure ininterculturalcommunication

1）Prag-ma-linguisticfailureincludestwoaspects.OneisunsuitablelanguagehabitsforEnglishspeaker,theotheristhemisunderstandingofrightexpressionofEnglish.

notinlinewiththenativelanguagehabitsofEnglishspeaking,expressionofmisuseofEnglish;twoistherightexpressionsdonotunderstandEnglish,accordingtothesemanticandstructuralsetofnativeEnglishspeakers.

Forexample:

A:

Thankyouforaccompanyingme.

B:

Donotmentionit.It’smydutytodoso.

A:

（Embarrassed）

Inthiscase,pragmaticfailureisthemisunderstandingof“duty”.Speakerusesthiswordaccordingtothespeaker’sparentlanguagehabit.Theword"duty"referstosomeresponsibilitiestotake.

Forexample：

A:

Iguessheiscoming.

B:

What?

B:

DonotgetwhatAsaidandasksAtosayagain.

Bshouldsay“Excuseme”,butBrespondsinthewayofhisparentlanguage,whichleadstopragmaticlinguisticfailure.

Anotherexample:

Thesynonymousstructuresareabusedignoringtheidentityandoccasionofbothside.Forexample,theEnglishexpression"invited"actsindifferentways:

A:

Comeinandsitdown.

B:

Wouldyouliketocomewithme?

C:

Howwouldyouliketocomeandspendaweekwithus?

D:

MayIhavethePleasureofthisdance?

E:

MayIinviteyoutodinnernextSaturday?

Someofheaboveexpressionsisinformal（e.g.,a,b）,amoreformal（e.g.,c）,aformal（e.g.,d,e）.Differentexpressionmodeissuitablefordifferentidentitiesandoccasions.Friendsneednotbetoopolite,strangerscannotbetoocasual,andotherwiseitwillcausepragmaticfailure.

2）Social-pragmaticfailure:

itreferstothewrongchoiceoflanguageformcausedbylackofunderstandingoftheculturalbackgrounddifferencesofbothsidesincommunication.Itisrelatedtotheidentity,register,familiarity,rightsandobligations,thevalueideaandsoon.Forexample,theEnglishequivalentof“谢谢”is"Thankyou".Howtocorrectlyuse“Thankyou”inthesocialoccasionsisdifficultandrequirestobefamiliarwiththeculture.whenyougetcongratulationsorpraise,“Thankyou”isthemostcommonanswerinEnglish,buttheChinesewillsay

Inthegetotherstocongratulateorpraise,"Thankyou"isawordmostoftenusedinEnglish,buttheChinesewillsay"overprize,overprize”or“justsoso”.Ifweanswer“Thankyou”,itisnotappropriateaccordingtotheChinesehabit.

Forexample:

anEnglishisinvitedbyaChinesetohishouse.

A:

Whatabeautifulfan!

B:

Ifyoulikeit,Iwillgiveyouasapresent.

A:

（Embarrassed）

Englishpeopleconsiderothers’praiseandflatteryasbasiccommonsensewhichonepersonshouldbeprovidedwith.Theyhavecharacteristicsofgoodcompliments.Obviously,theChinesefrienddidnotunderstandthedifferencebetweenChineseandwesternculture.Heisgenerouslytogivetheguestthefan,whichmakestheguestembarrassment.

Languageisthetoolofsocialcommunicationandtheuseoflanguagecannotbeseparatedfromthespecificsocialenvironment.Itisunrealistictodrawclearboundariesbetweenthetwotypesofpragmaticfailure.Ininterculturalcommunication,therealsooftenappearsthethirdty