考研英语一真题及答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案

2002考研英语一真题及答案

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened___21___.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot___22___the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic___23___,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe___24___oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution___25___up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading___26___throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures___27___the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin___28___.Itisimportanttodoso.

Itisgenerallyrecognized,___29___,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,___30___bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,___31___itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately___32___.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal〞too,aswellas___33___,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage___34___increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,___35___generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch___36___.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety〞begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe___37___withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas___38___bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen___39___viewsaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits〞havebeenweighed___40___“harmful〞outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.

21.[A]between

[B]before

[C]since

[D]later

22.[A]after

[B]by

[C]during

[D]until

23.[A]means

[B]method

[C]medium

[D]measure

24.[A]process

[B]company

[C]light

[D]form

25.[A]gathered

[B]speeded

[C]worked

[D]picked

26.[A]on

[B]out

[C]over

[D]off

27.[A]of

[B]for

[C]beyond

[D]into

28.[A]concept

[B]dimension

[C]effect

[D]perspective

29.[A]indeed

[B]hence

[C]however

[D]therefore

30.[A]brought

[B]followed

[C]stimulated

[D]characterized

31.[A]unless

[B]since

[C]lest

[D]although

32.[A]apparent

[B]desirable

[C]negative

[D]plausible

33.[A]institutional

[B]universal

[C]fundamental

[D]instrumental

34.[A]ability

[B]capability

[C]capacity

[D]faculty

35.[A]bymeansof

[B]intermsof

[C]withregardto

[D]inlinewith

36.[A]deeper

[B]fewer

[C]nearer

[D]smaller

37.[A]context

[B]range

[C]scope

[D]territory

38.[A]regarded

[B]impressed

[C]influenced

[D]effected

39.[A]competitive

[B]controversial

[C]distracting

[D]irrational

40.[A]above

[B]upon

[C]against

[D]with

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?

〞thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“Oh,that’sGod,〞camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.〞

Ifyouarepartofthegroup,whichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinedib

lecanteenfoodorthechairman’snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon’tsucceed,giveup〞oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould________________________.

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners

42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare________________________.

[A]impolitetonewarrivals

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours

43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices________________________.

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention

[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered________________________.

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible

[C]inexaggeratedstatements

[D]ascasuallyaspossible

45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe________________________.

[A]UseHumorEffectively

[B]VariousKindsofHumor

[C]AddHumortoSpeech

[D]DifferentHumorStrategies

Text2

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics--thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy--fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves--goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,〞saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan’tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.〞

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2021,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain’sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented--andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated--thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan’tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon’tknowquitehowwedoit.

46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin________________________.

[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

47.Theword“gizmos〞（Line1,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans________________________.

[A]programs

[B]experts

[C]devices

[D]creatures

48.Accordingtothetext,