从生态主义角度分析《去吧摩西》论文.docx

从生态主义角度分析《去吧摩西》论文.docx

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从生态主义角度分析《去吧摩西》论文

本科毕业论文

题目从生态主义角度分析

《去吧，摩西》

B.A.Thesis

AnAnalysisofGoDown,Moses

FromEcologism

By

YuYue

Supervisor:

AssociateProfessorJianHaihong

AThesisSubmittedtoSchoolofForeignLanguages

OfHandanCollegeinPartialFulfillment

OftheRequirementfortheDegree

OfBachelorofArts

Handan,China

May,2012

郑重声明

本人的毕业论文（设计）是在指导教师简海红的指导下独立撰写完成的。

如有剽窃、抄袭、造假等违反学术道德、学术规范和侵权的行为，本人愿意承担由此产生的各种后果，直至法律责任，并愿意通过网络接受公众的监督。

特此郑重声明。

毕业论文（设计）作者（签名）：

年月日

Acknowledgements

Duringthewritingofthisthesis,IcannotdenythatIhavegainedquitealotofinstructionsaswellasassistancefrommygenerousandkind-heartedteachersandbuddiesinthefirstplace.Tometheirinvaluablesuggestionsandheartfeltcriticismareverypreciousandunforgettable,andIbelievemythesiswouldhavebeensupposedtobeimpossiblewithouttheirsincerecontributions.ThereforeIwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankallofthoseindividualswhoassistedmetoaccomplishthispaper.

Firstofall,theaccomplishmentofthispaperbenefitsfromtheenlightenmentofmysupervisor,LecturerJianHaihong,whoseinspiringinsights,generousencouragementsandenthusiasticinstructionshavefacilitatedmemuchthroughoutmythesiswriting.Herpenetratingandinsightfulcommentsaffordmewithinspiringsource.Shehasbeeninconstantconcernaboutmypaper,sparednopainstoentertainmythesisdraft.IwanttoshowmygratitudetoourDean,ProfessorWei,whoteachesmetheformatofthethesis.Iwouldalsoliketoextendmysincerethankstoallthethreeprofessorsintherejoingroupwhosecarefulexaminesandinstructivesuggestionsreallyhelpmealotintheprocessofcomposing.Besides,thanksforForeignLanguageDepartmentofHandanCollegeaswellasallmyteachers.Thankstotheirinstructiveguidanceandcomprehensiveeducationduringthefouryears’schooling,IcanacquiretheopportunitytofurtherstudyEnglish.AndIwanttothankmyparents.Itisthemwhobroughtmeupandgivemefinancialsupportthroughmycollegelife.Finally,mygreatgratitudealsogoestoallmyfriends,includingmyroommates,whoencouragedmeintheprocessofwritingthisthesisandwhohasalwaysbeenthereformeeverystepofmyway.

Abstract

GoDown,MosesisWilliamFaulkner’smasterpiecewhichdescribesthefamilyhistoryofMcCaslin.ThehuntingandgrowingexperienceofIsaacMcCaslinplaysakeyroleinthisnovel.Withthecomprehensivedescriptionofthewildernessandnature,thisnovelisconsideredasamasterpieceofecologisminthetwentiethcentury.

Thisthesismainlyfocusesontherelationshipbetweenhumanandnaturefromecologism.Itemphasizesthreeaspects—therelationshipbetweenhumanandanimals,therelationshipbetweenhumanandland,aswellastherelationshipbetweenhumanandwilderness.ChapterOnedescribeshuman’skillingofanimal,whichshowthathuman’spursuitisdifferentfromoldtimes.ChapterTwoexploresthatthepossessionoflandleadstothelostofhuman’snature.ChapterThreemakesanecologicalthinkingofcivilizationandwildernessanditrevealstherelationshipbetweenhumanandnature.

TheanalysisofGoDown,Mosesfromecologismmakesagreatcontributiontounderstandingthewriter’spurposeforreaders.Throughanalyzingtherelationshipbetweenhumanandanimal,landaswellaswilderness,humansmayunderstandthattheyshouldrespectnature,protectnatureandassumetheresponsibilityasinhabitantsintheworld.

Keywords:

Ecologismhumannaturewilderness

摘要

《去吧，摩西》是威廉·福克纳的代表作，主要讲述了麦卡斯林家族的故事，其中艾萨克·麦卡斯林的成长经过在小说中起了主线作用。

小说对荒野和自然的全面描述使之成为一部二十世纪生态主义的著作。

本文主要从生态主义角度思考人与自然的关系。

全文从人与动物的关系、人与土地的关系及现代化文明与荒野的关系三方面进行分析。

第一章通过描述人类对动物的掠杀，说明人们的追求已随社会的发展而改变。

第二章通过探索人类对土地的占有，揭示了土地占有导致人类自然本性的丧失这一现象。

第三章从生态主义角度分析人类文明与荒野的关系，对自然与现代化的关系进行生态主义思考并揭示人与自然之间的正确关系。

从生态主义角度分析《去吧，摩西》，读者能够更深刻的理解文意。

通过分析人与动物、土地及荒野的关系，人类应懂得尊重自然，保护自然，并承担起对自然和社会的责任。

关键词：

生态主义；人类；自然；荒野

Contents

Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………..…..….….i

Abstract…………………………………….…………………………………………...….…….ii

Abstract（Chinese）…………………………………………………………………………......iii

Introduction…………………………….……………………………………………….……….1

ChapterOneHumanandAnimal………………………………..………….............................4

1.1Human:

SymbolofCivilization………………………………………………………..4

1.2Animal:

SymbolofNature…………................................................................................5

1.3TheRelationshipBetweenHumanandAnimal……………………………………...6

ChapterTwoHumanandLand……......…………………………..……..….………………...7

2.1Human’sPossessionofLand…………………………………………………….….....7

2.2ConsequencesofthePossessionofLand…………………………….…………….....7

2.3CriticismofthePossessionofLand……………………………………………..….....8

ChapterThreeHumanandNature………………………………………………………..…..9

3.1IntrinsicValueofWilderness…………………………………………...……….….....10

3.2Human’sDestructiontoWilderness…………………...………….….........................10

3.3EcologicalThinkingofWildernessandCivilization………………...…………….11

Conclusion....................................................................................................................................12

Notes…………………………………………………………………………………..…….……14

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………….…...15

Introduction

OfallWilliamFaulkner’smajorworks,GoDown,Mosesisoneofthemostremarkablenovels.Scholarsandcriticshavehadanever-lastinginterestinGoDown,Mosessinceitspublication.Therichthoughtsofthenovelhavebeenresearchedbycriticsfrommanyaspects.GoDown,Moses,agreatnovelofecologisminthetwentiethcentury,givesacomprehensivedescriptiononthewildernessandnaturethatmakedeepimpressionsonreaders.

Firstofall,alargenumberofcriticspaymoreattentiontotheunityofthenovel.BecauseGoDown,Mosesisbasedonsevenshortstories,earlycriticsregarditasacollectionofshortstories.However,OlgaW.Vickery’sTheNovelsofWilliamFaulknerpublishedin1975holdsthatallthestoriesinGoDown,Moseshavecertainunifyingfeatureswhichgivethebookalooselyconstructednovel.Structurallytheframeworkofeachindividualstoryisaritualhunt.Sheaddsthat:

Inadditiontothisrecurrenthuntmotif,thestoriesarefurtherrelatedthroughtheirconnectionwiththeplantation.Forevenwhenthecharacterstravel,theirexcursionseithercarrythesenseofplantationlifewiththemorproducecertainrepercussionswithinit.SoGoDown,Mosesisnotacollectionofshortstories.

Besides,GoDown,MosesisoftencitedasoneofthemostsignificantAmericannovelsthatdealwithwildernessandenvironmentalthemes.AnnetteKolodny’sTheLayoftheLandpublishedin1975statesthattheportraitofIsaacMcCaslinandhisattitudetothelandshouldbereadasacommentonthecourseofanentirenation’spastoralimpulse.Hesuggeststhatthelandisneitherpossessednorpreyedup.Hethinkstherelationshipbetweenhumanandlandshouldbaseonreciprocityandcommunality.

SouthernRenaissance:

TheCulturalAwakeningoftheAmericanSouthbyRichardKingpublishedin1980statesthat:

GoDown，MosesculminatesFaulkner’sexplorationofhistoricalconsciousnesswhichbeganwiththeFlagintheDust.With“TheBear”atitscenter,GoDown，MosesrepresentsanearPerfectfusionofstyles,evocationoftimeandplace,andattentiontomoralcontext，framedbythecomplexitiesofthehistoryandtherhythmsofnature.AllofFaulkner’spriorfictionpointstowardthisartisticandmoralconsummation.

LeonardLutwack’sTheRoleofPlaceinLiteraturepublishedin1984describestheworkas“mosteloquentstatementonbehalfofthewilderness.”InGoDown,Moses,thenaturalenvironmentplaysacrucialroleinthedevelopmentofthecentralcharacter.ThewildernesshasbotheducationalandspiritualsignificanceforIsaacMcCaslin.Hewitnesseshisownbirthwhenhefirstentersthewilderness.

ImaginingtheEarth:

PoetryandtheVisionofNaturebyJohnElderpublishedin1985announcesGoDown,MosesoneofthemostprofoundlydescriptionsoftheshiftingbalancebetweenmanandnatureinAmericanhistory.Withthedevelopmentofthecivilization,thewildernessisgoingtoitsdoom.

AsLindaWagner-MartinpointsoutinNewEssaysonGoDown,Mosespublishedin1996,criticismofthepastfifteenyearshasbeguntoreadthenovelassomethingotherthanacollectionofstories.WhenreadersreadthesevenstoriesinGoDown,Mosesasonestory,theycanunderstandthenoveldeeperthanreaditasacollectionofshortstories.

“GoDown,MosesandtheDiscourseofEnvironmentalism”byJudithBryantWittenderginNewEssaysonGoDown,Mosespublishedin2007indicatesthatwildernessisvaluablenotonlyinandofitselfbutalsoforthesortofenrichingexperiencesitofferstoresponsivehuman.Thewildernesshasagreatinfluenceonthecentralcharacter,IsaacMcCaslin.Itishiscollege,theplacewhereheentershisnovitiateasifwitnessinghisownbirth.ThemomentinwhichIsaacdiscardstheitemswhicharethelastvestigesandtaintsofcivilizationandrelinquishestothewildernessistheoneinwhichhefullydiscoverstheprofundityofhisconnectiontohisnaturalsurroundings.

InChina,manycriticshavepaidattentiontotherichthoughtsofGoDown,Moses.PanXiaosong’sFaulkner:

SouthernAmericanLiteraryMasterpublishedin1995describestheinfluencesofracism.Theloseofhumanityandthemoraldeclinenotonlycausesocialchaosbutalsodistorttheirchildren’scharacterandruintheirlives.

IsaacMcCaslin’sconvoluteddefenseofsouthernracismisanticipative.XiaoMinghanpointsoutthatracismleadtomoraldegradationinResearchonWilliamFaulknerpublishedin1997.GoDown,Mosest