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lesson10Pompeii解读

Unit10PompeiiRobertSilverberg

ContemporaryCollegeEnglish

BookⅡ

Contents

Warm-up

1

BackgroundInformation

2

TextAppreciation

3

LanguageStudy

4

Extension

5

Warm-up

1

Questions/Activities

Warm-up

Objectives

Questions/Activities

1）.WhydoestheauthorcallPompeiiastrangecity?

2）.Whathappenedtothecity?

3）.Whatwasthecitylikebeforeitwasdestroyed?

4）.Whataresomeothernaturaldisastersinworldhistorythatyouhavelearnedabout?

Warm-up

Warm-up

Objectives

1）.Understandthestructureandthegeneralidea

ofthetext

2）.KnowsomethingaboutthehistoryofPompeii

andwhathappenedinAD79

3）.Beabletousespecificverbstodescribethings

4）.Beabletocreateadominantimpressionby

usingwordsaboutfivesenses

5）.Knowsomethingaboutnaturaldisasters

likevolcaniceruptions,earthquakes,tornadoetc.

BackgroundInformation

2

Author

Background

CultureTips

HisLife

BackgroundInformationAuthor

RobertSilverberg（bornJanuary15,1935）isanAmericanauthor,bestknownforwritingsciencefiction.

In1956hegraduatedfromColumbiaUniversity,having

majoredinComparative

Literature.

NaplesisthecapitalofCampania（坎泊尼亚）

andthethird-largestcityinItaly,afterRomeand

Milan.Ithasapopulationofnearlyonemillion

withinitsadministrativelimitsonalandareaof

117.3 km2（45 sq mi）.TheurbanareaofNaples

extendsbeyondtheadministrativecitylimits,with

apopulationofabovethreemillion.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

Naples

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

ThecityofPompeiiisapartiallyburiedRomantown-citynearmodernNaples.Pompeiiwaspartiallydestroyedandburiedunder4to6m（13to20ft）ofashandpumice（浮石）intheeruptionofMountVesuviusinAD79,anditwaslostfornearly1700yearsbeforeitsaccidentalrediscoveryin1749.Sincethen,itsexcavationhasprovidedanextraordinarilydetailedinsightintothelifeofacityduringthePaxRomana（罗马和平时期.）

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

Today,thisUNESCOWorldHeritageSiteisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsof

Italy,withapproximately

2,500,000visitorseveryyear.

（UnitedNationsEducation,ScientificandCultureOrganization）

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

PompeiitheLastDay

AmultidisciplinarystudyoftheeruptionproductsandvictimsindicatesthatatVesuviusandsurroundingtowns,heatwasthemaincauseofdeathofpeople,previouslybelievedtohavediedfromashsuffocation.Theresultsofthestudy,publishedin2010,showthatexposuretoatleast250 °Chotsurgesatadistanceof10kilometersfromtheventwassufficienttocauseinstantdeath,evenifpeoplewereshelteredwithinbuildings.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

PompeiitheLastDay

MountVesuvius

MountVesuviusisbestknownforitseruptioninAD79thatledtotheburyinganddestructionoftheRomancitiesofPompeiiandHerculaneum（意大利南部古城.Theywereneverrebuilt,althoughsurvivingtownspeopleandprobablylooters（掠夺者）didundertakeextensivesalvage（救援）workafterthedestructions.Thetowns'locationswereeventuallyforgottenuntiltheiraccidentalrediscoveryinthe18thcentury.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

Pompeii,withVesuviustoweringabove

VesuviusfromplaneInsidethecraterofVesuvius

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

Jupiteristhekingofthegodsandthegodofskyandthunder.Jupiterwasthechiefdeity（神）ofRomanstatereligionthroughouttheRepublicanandImperialeras,untiltheEmpirecameunderChristianrule.

Jupiteristhoughttohaveoriginatedasaskygod.Hisidentifyingimplementisthethunderbolt（雷电）,andhisprimarysacredanimalistheeagle,whichheldprecedence（优先）overotherbirdsinthetakingofauspices（鸟卜者）andbecameoneofthemostcommonsymbols

oftheRomanarmy.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

ApolloisoneofthemostimportantandcomplexOlympiandeitiesinancientGreekandRomanreligion,GreekandRomanmythology.

ApollohasbeenvariouslyrecognizedasagodoflightandtheSun,truthandprophecy,healing,plague,music,poetry,andmore.

ApolloisthesonofZeusandLeto,andhasatwinsister,thechaste（贞洁）huntress（女猎手）Artemis.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

JupiterApollo

Isis（埃及神话，爱希丝，生育与繁殖的女神）isagoddessinAncientEgyptianreligiousbeliefs.Shewasworshippedastheidealmotherandwifeaswellasthepatronofnatureandmagic.Shewasthefriendofslaves,sinners,artisans（工匠）,andthedowntrodden（被践踏）,andshelistenedtotheprayersofthewealthy,maidens,aristocrats,andrulers.Isisisalsoknownasprotectorofthedeadandgoddessofchildren.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

ThenameIsismeans“Throne”.Herheaddress（饰头巾）isathrone.Asthepersonificationofthethrone,shewasanimportantrepresentationofthepharaoh‘s（法老）power.Thepharaohwasdepictedasherchild,whosatonthethronesheprovided.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

Naturaldisasters

Weknowthatnaturaldisastershavebeenreducedtomerestatistics.Butovertheyearspeoplehavealsoshownintenseinterestinthem.Foronething,naturaldisasterscausealothumantragedy,andhumantragedyhasalwaysbeenadeepconcernofhumanbeings.Second,duringanaturaldisaster,humanbeingsusuallyrevealtheirtruecolors.Weseeourselvesatourbestaswellasatourworst.third,thecarefulstudyofnaturaldisastersmayrevealscientificlawswhichmayeventuallyhelpmandiscoverwaystodealwithnaturaldisastersbetter.Fourth,naturaldisastersareoftenlinkedwithhumanerrors,andthereforecanleadtoourbetterunderstandingof

ourmistakesandshortcomings.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

Naturaldisasters

Fifth,thememoryofnaturaldisasterscanalwaysremind

usthatnaturalpowerisstillmuchgreaterthanhuman

power,anditisstupidarroganceonourparttothinkthat

wecanconquernature.Manshouldforeverbehumble

andlearntorespectnature’sways,andlearnwhatever

otherusefullessonsfromthem.

Whatisuniqueaboutthisparticularnaturaldisaster

isthefacttheeruptiondestroyedaRomancitymore

than2,000yearsago,butnowtheburiedcityisreturned

tousalmostintact.Whatisuniqueaboutthisparticular

naturaldisasteristhefacttheeruptiondestroyeda

Romancitymorethan2,000yearsago,butnowthe

buriedcityisreturnedtousalmostintact.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

FromtheashandrubbleofthecitywenowseewhatthisRomanCitywaslikewitheverydetail.Amongthe2,ooodeadbodiesweseemenandwomen;oldandyoung;richandpoor.Weseegladiators,tourists,merchants,bakers.Weseeallkindsofbuildings,includingabrothel,andabakerywheretherewerestill81loavesofbreadleftinthetimeoferuption.Andinthebuildings,weseefurnitureusedatthetime,domesticanimals,andfrescoes.

NowonderPompeiihasbecomeoneofthemostpopularhistoricalmuseumsintheworld.ThepresenttextiscondensedfromamuchlongerarticlethatappearedinNationalGeographicmanyyearsago.Buteventhismuchshortenedversionservesasavividintroductiontothisgreatarcheologicaldiscovery.

BackgroundInformationCultureTips

TextAnalysis

Structure

TextAppreciation

3

Detailed

Analysis

Structure

TextAppreciation

2.DetailedAnalysis

PartI:

MainIdea

1）.Whatwasthecitylikebeforetheeruption?

2）.WhatwerepeopleinPompeiidoingbeforetheeruption?

3）.Ifthecityhadnotbeendestroyedbythevolcaniceruption,whatwoulditbeliketoday?

TextAppreciation

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

∙PartI:

∙

PartI:

SentenceParaphrase

1）.Beneaththeprotectingshroudofash,thecitylayintact.（para5.）

Paragraphing:

Thecityremainedasithadbeen

beforetheeruption.Ithadbeenprotectedby

thethicklayerofashthatburiedthecitydeep.

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

PartI:

SentenceParaphrase

2）.Agoodimaginationisallyouneedtorestoreittoactivity.（para.7）

Paraphrasing:

Ifyouhaveagoodimaginationyouwillbeabletoimaginewhatwasgoingon－thesights,sounds,smellsandactivitiesofabusy,prosperousRomantown.

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

PartI:

Exercises

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1）.我的学校里没有别的美国人了。

TherearenootherAmericansinmyschool.

2）.他们最近已经从伦敦搬到乡村来住。

They'verecentlycomedownfromLondonto

liveinthevillage.

3）.你是不是有什么事要瞒着我？

Areyoutryingtohidesomethingfromme?

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

PartI:

Exercises

4）.不久，绿色的嫩芽就会破土而出。

Soon,tinygreenshootswillbreakthroughthe

soil'ssurface.

5）.书都放得整整齐齐，井井有条。

Thebookswereallneatlyinplace,carefullyarranged.

6）.一个年轻女孩翻阅着家庭相册，童年记忆重回眼前

Ayounggirl'schildhoodmemoriescometolifeasshethumbsthroughherfamilyphotographalbum.

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

PartII:

MainIdea

1）.Whatdidpeopledoaftereruption?

2）.Whatcausedthegreatestlossoflife?

3）.Didanyonesurvivethevolcaniceruption?

Howdidtheymanagetodoit?

4）.WhatwouldyoudoifyouhadbeenthereinPompeii?

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

∙PartII:

∙

PartII:

SentenceParaphrase

1）.Thesoundoftheexplosiondiedaway,butitstillreverberatedineveryone’sears.（para.13）

Paragraphing:

Evenwhentheloudsoundstopped,peopledidnotrecoverfromtheshock.

2）.Anhourwentbyanddarknessstillshrouded

everything.（para.14）

Paragraphing:

Anhourpassed,thingsdidnot

improveanddarknesscoveredeverything.

TextAppreciationDetailedAnalysis

PartII:

SentenceParaphrase