高考英语阅读理解课堂练二.docx

高考英语阅读理解课堂练二.docx

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高考英语阅读理解课堂练二

2018高考英语：

阅读理解课堂练学案（13）

PassageTwelve（ReligionandRationality）

  Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:

thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.Religionsaremany,reasonone.Religionconsistsofconsciousideas,hopes,enthusiasms,andobjectsofworship;itoperatesbygraceandflourishesbyprayer.Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.Religionbringssomeorderintolifebyweightingitwithnewmaterials.Reasonaddstothenaturalmaterialsonlytheperfectorderwhichitintroducesintothem.Rationalityisnothingbutaform,anidealconstitutionwhichexperiencemaymoreorlessembody.Religionisapartofexperienceitself,amassofsentimentsandideas.Theoneisaninviolateprinciple,theotherachangingandstrugglingforce.Andyetthisstrugglingandchangingforceofreligionseemstodirectmantowardsomethingeternal.Itseemstomakeforanultimateharmonywithinthesoulandforanultimateharmonybetweenthesoulandallthatthesouldependsupon.Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.Religionalsohasaninstinctiveandblindsideandbubblesupinallmannerofchancepracticesandintuitions;soon,however,itfeelsitswaytowardtheheartofthings,andfromwhateverquarteritmaycome,veersinthedirectionoftheultimate.

  Nevertheless,wemustconfessthatthisreligiouspursuitoftheLifeofReasonhasbeensingularlyabortive.Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.Theirchiefanxietyhasbeentoofferimaginaryremediesformortalills,someofwhichareincurableessentially,whileothersmighthavebeenreallycuredbywell-directedeffort.TheGreedoracles,forinstance,pretendedtohealoutnaturalignorance,whichhasitsappropriatethoughdifficultcure,whiletheChristianvisionofheavenpretendedtobeanantidotetoournaturaldeath—theinevitablecorrelateofbirthandofachangingandconditionedexistence.Bymethodsofthissortlittlecanbedonefortherealbettermentoflife.Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.Natureissoonavenged.Anunhealthyexaltationandaone-sidedmoralityhavetobefollowedbyregrettablereactions.Whenthesecome.Therealrewardsoflifemayseemvaintoarelaxedvitality,andtheverynameofvirtuemayirritateyoungspiritsuntrainedinandnaturalexcellence.Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

  Whatisthesecretofthisineptitude?

Whydoesreligion,soneartorationalityinitspurpose,fallsoshortofitinitsresults?

Theansweriseasy;religionpursuesrationalitythroughtheimagination.Whenitexplainseventsorassignscauses,itisanimaginativesubstituteforscience.Whenitgivesprecepts,insinuatesideals,orremouldsaspiration,itisanimaginativesubstituteforwisdom—Imeanforthedeliberateandimpartialpursuitofallfood.Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.Hencethedepthandimportanceofreligionbecomesintelligiblenolessthanitscontradictionsandpracticaldisasters.Itsobjectisthesameasthatofreason,butitsmethodistoproceedbyintuitionandbyuncheckedpoeticalconceits.

1.   Asusedinthepassage,theauthorwoulddefine“wisdom”as

[A].thepursuitofrationalitythroughimagination.

.anunemotionalsearchforthetruth.

[C].apurposefulandunbiasedquestforwhatisbest.

[D].ashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness

2.   WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTRUE?

[A].Religionseeksthetruththroughimagination,reason,initssearch,utilizestheemotions.

.Religionhasprovedanineffectivetoolinsolvingman’sproblems.

[C].Scienceseeksapiecemealsolutiontoman’squestions.

[D].Thefunctionsofphilosophyandreasonarethesame.

3.   Accordingtotheauthor,sciencediffersfromreligioninthat

[A].itisunawareofultimategoals.        .itisunimaginative.

[C].itsfindingsareexactandfinal.        [D].itresemblessocietyandart.

4.   Theauthorstatesthatreligiondiffersfromrationalityinthat

[A].itreliesonintuitionratherthanreasoning.

.itisnotconcernedwiththeultimatejustificationofitsinstinctiveaims.

[C].ithasdisappointedmankind.

[D].ithasinspiredmankind.

5.   Accordingtotheauthor,thepursuitofreligionhasprovedtobe

[A].imaginative.              .aproviderofhopeforthefuture.

[C].ahighlyintellectualactivity     [D].ineffectual.

Vocabulary

1. grace           恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告

2. chide           责备

3. sentiment         情感

4. inviolate          不受侵犯的，纯洁的

5. intent           意义，含义

6. piecemeal         一件件，逐渐的，零碎的

7. bubbleup         起泡，沸腾，兴奋

8. veer            改变方向，转向

9. abortive          夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。

10. pale            范围，界限

11. draught          要求

12. oracle           神谕宣誓，预言，圣言

13. antidote          解毒药，矫正方法

14. correlate          相互关系

15. dislocate          使离开原来位置，打乱正常秩序

16. gratuitous         无偿的，没有理由的。

17. debauch          使失落，放荡

18. sanction          支持，鼓励，认可

19. impede           妨碍，制止

20. ineptitude          不恰当，无能，愚蠢

21. insinuate          暗示

22. remould           重塑，重铸

23. aspiration          抱负，壮志

24. arrogate           没来由反把……归于（to）

25. literal            朴实的，字面的

26. intelligible          可以理解的。

27. conceit            幻想，奇想

难句译注

1.   Yetthedifferenceintomeandlanguagemuststrikeus,sosoonasitisphilosophythatspeaks:

thatchangeshouldremindusthatevenifthefunctionofreligionandthatofreasoncoincide,thisfunctionisperformedinthetwocasesbyverydifferentorgans.

[参考译文] 可是音调和语言的差异必然很快的给我们深刻的印象，就象哲学所说的那样：

那种差异应提乡我们，即使宗教的功能和理性的功能恰好相符的话，其功能也是通过不同的器官在两种不同的情况下完成的。

2.   Reason,ontheotherhand,isamereprincipleorpotentialorder,onwhichindeedwemaycometoreflectbutwhichexistsinusideallyonly,withoutvariationorstressofanykind.

[参考译文] 另一方面，理性知识一种原则或者是潜在的秩序，我们确实可以在此基础上存在于我们心中，没有种种变化，或任何压力。

3.   Weconformordonotconformtoit;itdoesnoturgeorchideus,notcallforanyemotionsonourpartotherthanthosenaturallyarousedbythevariousobjectswhichitunfoldsintheirtruenatureandproportion.

[参考译文] 不论我们是否遵循理性，它不会极力或责备我们，除了以事物的本来面目和比例揭示各种事物而自然而然的激起我们的感情，它并不需要我们付出任何感情。

4.   Religion,initsintent,isamoreconsciousanddirectpursuitoftheLifeofReasonthanissociety,science,orart,fortheseapproachandfillouttheideallifetentativelyandpiecemeal,hardlyregardingthefoalorcaringfortheultimatejustificationoftheinstinctiveaims.

[参考译文] 宗教在其意义上，比社会，科学，艺术更自觉，更直接的追求“理性生活”，因为这些东西（社会，科学，艺术）暂时而又零星的接近和填补理想的生活，无视目的，也不管其本能的目标是否最终证明正确。

5. oneandall  各个都，全部

6.   Thosewithinthepaleofeachreligionmayprevailuponthemselves,toexpresssatisfactionwithitsresults,thankstoafondpartialityinreadingthepastandgenerousdraughtsofhopeforthefuture;butanyoneregardingthevariousreligionsatonceandcomparingtheirachievementswithwhatreasonrequires,mustfeelhowterribleisthedisappointmentwhichtheyhaveoneandallpreparedformankind.

[参考译文] 处于宗教领域范围之内的人民也许会说服自己对其结果表示满意，这要感谢他们在结实过去和对未来希望宽宏要切上的一种偏爱。

可是任何迅速关注宗教的人，把其成就和理性所要求的一切做一比较，必然感到这种种宗教为全人类作好的失望是实在太可怕了。

7.   Toconfuseintelligenceanddislocatesentimentbygratuitousfictionsisashort-sightedwayofpursuinghappiness.

[参考译文] 以无理的幻想混淆智力，弄乱正常的情感是一种短视的追求幸福的方法。

8.   Thusreligiontoooftendebauchesthemoralityitcomestosanctionandimpedesthescienceitoughttofulfill.

[参考译文] 因此，宗教常常会使它要支持的道德堕落沦丧，并妨碍它应该执行的科学任务。

9.   Theconditionandtheaimsoflifearebothrepresentedinreligionpoetically,butthispoetrytendstoarrogatetoitselfliteraltruthandmoralauthority,neitherofwhichitpossesses.

[参考译文] 生活的目标和条件在宗教中诗一般的呈现，但这种诗意往往把宗教所并不具有的朴实真理和道德威力没有来由的归于宗教。

写作方法与文章大意

这是一篇用对比手法写出宗教和理性之差异并着重描述宗教的文章。

有各种中焦，理性只有一个，纵然两者在功能和目的上有不相同之处，但由于宗教以直觉，想象力，情感为主，无视目的，虽比科学，社会或艺术更自觉，更直接追求理性生活，结果却是失败和失望，而理性则相反。

答案祥解

1.   C. 一种有目的而又不带偏见对最佳事物的探索。

答案在最后一段，这种愚蠢的秘密是什么？

为什么宗教在目的上那么接近真理，在其结构和结果上，却没有理性的一切？

答案很简单：

宗教是通过想象来追逐理性，当它解释事件或阐明原因时，以虚构的想象来取代科学，当它训诫，暗示理想或者重塑抱负时，以想象代替智慧——智慧的意思是指有意识而又公正的追求一切好东西。

A.通过想象力追求理性。

  B.不带感情的探询真理。

 C.追求幸福的短视的方法。

2.   A. 宗教通过想象力寻求真理，而理性的探索却运用感情。

见难句译注3，理性（智）是非感情的。

B.在解决人类问题上的宗教是一种无效的工具。

 C.科学寻求逐步解决对人类的问题。

  D.哲学和理性的功能是一样的。

3.   A.